Codex Hermogenianus

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The Codex Hermogenianus (Eng. Hermogenian Code) is the title of a collection of

Codex Justinianeus
.

History

Istanbul Archaeological Museum

It takes its name from its author,

Law School of Berytus.[6] If Hermogenian applied the same organisational principle to the Codex as he did in his Iuris epitomae, then the order of titles is likely to have followed that of the Praetor's Edict.[7] Scholars' estimates as to the number of titles vary from a minimum of 18 to one of 147,[8] though a majority favour 69.[9] Where evidence as to the circumstances of original publication is preserved, it is overwhelmingly to the giving or subscribing of the constitution, suggesting that Hermogenian's collection was made at source in the imperial archives.[10]

Reception

In the fourth and fifth centuries, for those wishing to cite imperial constitutions, the Codex Hermogenianus became a standard work of reference, often cited alongside the

Justinian's Code.[16] In the west, some time before AD 506, both codices were supplemented by a set of clarificatory notes (interpretationes), which accompany their abridged versions in the Breviary of Alaric,[17] and were cited as sources in the Lex Romana Burgundionum attributed to Gundobad, king of the Burgundians (473–516).[18]

Eclipse

Maynier's oil painting of Hadrian and Justinian with the Codex of Roman Law, 1803

Texts drawn from the Codex Hermogenianus achieved status as authoritative sources of law simultaneously with the original work's deliberate eclipse by two codification initiatives of the sixth century. First, the abridged version incorporated in the Breviary of Alaric, promulgated in 506, explicitly superseded the original full text throughout Visigothic Gaul and Spain. Then, as part of the emperor

Codex Justinianeus, which came into force in its first edition across the Roman Balkans and eastern provinces in AD 529.[19] This was subsequently rolled out to Latin north Africa, following its reconquest from the Vandals in 530, and then Italy in 554. So, by the mid sixth century the original text of the Hermogenian Code had been consigned to the dustbin of history over most of the Mediterranean world. Only in Merovingian and Frankish Gaul were copies of the full version still exploited between the sixth and ninth centuries, as attested by the insertion of a quotation in two manuscripts of the Breviary.[20]

Legacy

It is because of its exploitation for the Codex Justinianeus that the influence of the Codex Hermogenianus is still felt today. As a component of the Justinianic law, it formed part of the

Code Napoleon
of 1804.

It was also used by the compiler of the Sententiae Syriacae.

Editions

There has been no attempt at a full reconstruction of all the surviving texts that probably derive from the CH, partly because of the difficulty of distinguishing with absolute certainty constitutions of Hermogenian from those of Gregorian in the Codex Justinianeus in the years of the mid 290s, where they appear to overlap.[21] Honoré (1994) provides the full text of all the private rescripts of the relevant period but in a single chronological sequence, not according to their possible location in the CH. The fullest edition of CH is that by Cenderelli (1965: 143–81), who lists references only where the source is CJ but otherwise gives the full text, as did Haenel (1837: 57–80), though he included only texts explicitly attributed to CH by ancient authorities and so did not cite the CJ material, on the grounds that it was only implicitly attributed. Krueger (1890) edited the Visigothic abridgement of CH, with its accompanying interpretationes (pp. 234–35), and provided a reconstruction of the structure of the CH, again excluding CJ material (pp. 242–45), inserting the full text only where it did not otherwise appear in the Collectio iuris Romani Anteiustiniani. Rotondi (1922: 154–58) and Sperandio (2005: 389–95) provide only an outline list of the titles, though the latter offers a useful concordance with Lenel's edition of the Edictum Perpetuum.[22] Karampoula (2008) reconstructs on the same principles as Cenderelli (1965) but provides text (including Visigothic interpretationes) in a modern Greek version.

Notes

  1. ^ Honoré (1994), pp. 163–81, 191 – secretary No 20.
  2. ^ P.Amherst II 27 = Corpus Papyrorum Latinarum No 244 (Codices Latinae Antiquiores Supplement 1802); now Pierpont Morgan Library Papyri G27.
  3. ISBN 978-0-253-22147-6
    .
  4. ISBN 978-3-7001-3681-1
    ), p. 172, lines 10–11: Cognoscant Hermogenianum, doctissimum iurislatorem, tres editiones sui operis confecisse.
  5. ^ Consultatio IX.1–7.
  6. ^ Corcoran (2000), pp. 32–40, 85–90; cf. 299–300.
  7. ISBN 0-900587-82-2
    .
  8. ^ 18 titles: Haenel (1837); 147 titles: Cenderelli (1965), 143–81; Karampoula (2008), pp. 189–317.
  9. ^ 69 titles: Krueger (1890), pp. 236–45; Rotondi (1922), pp. 154–58; Sperandio (2005), pp. 389–95; Corcoran (2006), p. 39.
  10. ^ Corcoran (2000), p. 28.
  11. ^ Collatio VI.5 and X.3–6.
  12. ISBN 978-0-19-826078-3
    , pp. 112–118 (quaestor E23).
  13. ^ CH quoted at Consultatio IV.9-11, V.6–7, VI.1, 4, 10–13, 15–19, IX.7.
  14. ^ CH cited at FV 270 and 271.
  15. ^ CH cited by Scholia Sinaitica 5 (twice).
  16. ^ CH cited by Thalelaeus in scholia on CJ 2.4.18 and 2.4.43 (Basilica ed. Heimbach, vol. I, pp. 704, 726)
  17. ISBN 978-3-428-07551-5
    .
  18. ^ CH cited by Lex Romana Burgund. XIV.1–3, 6, XXIII.1, XXXVIII.3.
  19. ^ C. Haec (AD 528), pr.: Haec, quae necessario corrigenda esse multis retro principibus visa sunt, interea tamen nullus eorum hoc ad effectum ducere ausus est, in praesenti rebus donare communibus auxilio dei omnipotentis censuimus et prolixitatem litium amputare, multitudine quidem constitutionum, quae tribus codicibus Gregoriano et Hermogeniano atque Theodosiano continebantur, illarum etiam, quae post eosdem codices a Theodosio divinae recordationis aliisque post eum retro principibus, a nostra etiam clementia positae sunt, resecanda, uno autem codice sub felici nostri nominis vocabulo componendo, in quem colligi tam memoratorum trium codicum quam novellas post eos positas constitutiones oportet; C. Summa (AD 529), 1: magnum laborem commisimus, per quem tam trium veterum Gregoriani et Hermogeniani atque Theodosiani codicum constitutiones quam plurimas alias post eosdem codices a Theodosio divinae memoriae ceterisque post eum retro principibus, a nostra etiam clementia positas in unum codicem felici nostro vocabulo nuncupandum colligi praecipimus ....
  20. ^ Codd. Parisini regii 4414 and 4415. See Haenel (1937), col. 68; Krueger (1890), pp. 244–45; Cenderelli (1965), p. 180.
  21. ^ Corcoran (2000), pp. 32–35.
  22. ^ Lenel, Otto (1883), Das Edictum perpetuum: ein Versuch zu seiner Wiederherstellung, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz.

Bibliography

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