Culture of Hyderabad

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Charminar

The culture of

Qutub Shahi dynasty in 1591 AD, the occupation by the Mughal Empire and its decline, and the patronage under the Asaf Jahi dynasty
.

Birla Mandir Hyderabad

The city is historically known for its Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb, which refers to unity and co-existence of Hindu and Muslim cultures and traditions. Apart from a few instances of communal violence, the majority of the city residents advocate communal harmony between Hyderabadi Muslims and Telugu people, the two main religious and cultural groups found in the city.[3][4][5][6]

Apart from

Dakhini Muslims
.

Hyderabadis, as residents of the city are known, may be either Urdu or Telugu speaking.

Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, Milad Un Nabi

The Capital

Candid camera-shot of Lt. Gen. H.H. Nizam Mir Sir Mahboob Ali Khan (sixth Nizam of Hyderabad) taken in 1905

Hyderabad city as the former capital of

Ravindra Bharati, Shilpakala Vedika and Lalithakala Thoranam are well-known auditoria for theatre and performing arts in the city.[20] Another prominent cultural centre is Lamakaan, known for promoting the arts and regularly hosting a plethora of events and workshops.[21]

The modern

Shaik Dawood Khan, Janardhan Mitta and Rashid Ali
.

Museums

Hyderabad is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions which are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the

State Archaeology Museum (former name Hyderabad Museum) in 1930.[27] The other important museums including, the Salar Jung Museum, the Nizam Museum, the City Museum,[28] and the Birla Science Museum which also comprises a planetarium.[29]

Salar Jung Museum

The

Prime Minister of Hyderabad
. Among the most notable exhibits are jade-crafted daggers belonging to Jahangir and Shah Jahan, the famous sculpture of Veiled Rebecca and copies of the Quran in various styles and sizes.

Art

Musée du Louvre

Painting

floral and fauna, and the major use of regional landscape is reflected commonly with regional culture. Some Deccani paintings present the historical events of the region.[31][32]

Handicraft

All Steel Deccani Sword, the Tulwar

A

Geographical Indication (GI) awarded craft of India.[33] The Kalamkari, a fine art of Handicraft (originated in Machilipatnam 3000 year ago is a Handicraft of Andhra Pradesh) is also popular in the city.[34]

Literature

Urdu poet

The

Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah was himself an Urdu poet.[37]

The period of

Nizams saw a growth of literary growth since after printing was introduced in Hyderabad. In 1824 AD, the first collection of Urdu Ghazals named Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa (Mahlaqa's garden of flowers) written by Mah Laqa Bai, was printed and published from Hyderabad.[38]

After the

Dagh Dehlvi, Fani Badayuni, Josh Malihabadi, Ali Haider Tabatabai, Zahir Dehlvi and many others.[39][40]

The reign of

Maharaja Sir Kishen Pershad,[42] Makhdoom Mohiuddin, Sayyid Shamsullah Qadri, Mohiuddin Qadri Zore[43] and Sulaiman Areeb
.

Sarojini Naidu, born and brought up in Hyderabad, was a great admirer of Hyderabadi culture. She described its various aspects in her poems, the most famous of which is "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad".[44]

Since after Indian Independence, the organisation that are working for the development of the literary work are Sahitya Akademi (to promote both Telugu and Urdu in Telangana), Urdu Academy, Telugu Academy, National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, The Comparative Literature Association of India and Andhra Saraswata Parishad (Former name; Nizam Rashtria Andhra Saraswata Parishad). Along with native languages the city attracts many international languages scholars since after the establishment of English and Foreign Languages University (1972).[45] The State Central Library, Hyderabad (former name Asifia Kutubkhana) since 1891 is the biggest library of Telangana.[46] The other popular libraries in the city are the Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam, the British Library[47] and the Sundarayya Vignana Kendram which also houses Urdu research center's collection.[48][49][50]

In 2017, Urdu was declared the second official language of the state of Telangana. (after Telugu) This move was praised by many residents of the area, especially Muslims of Hyderabad who spoke Urdu as their mother tongue.[51][52]

Dance, Theatre and Music

Since inception of Hyderabad, the nobles have a tradition of courtesans dance and poetry, which had led to a unique style of dance form in court dance in Hyderabad, the Taramati of the early 16th century and Mah Laqa Bai 18th century are some of the early courtesans who popularised Kathak dance and poetry culture in the early history of Hyderabad. Some of the dance festivals organised by the AP Government are; Golconda Music and Dance Festival, The Taramati Music Festival, The Premavathi Dance Festival.[38][53]

The residents of Hyderabad, in the past were not much trendy in theatre and drama, though artists like Baban Khan had been internationally recognised for their theatrical work.[54] It was in the last few decades that the Department of Culture and the Theatre Development Department of Andhra Pradesh Government had applied efforts to promote the art of theatre with multiple programs and festivals.[55] The result of which that most of the youths have been evolved in the theatre art and drama and it is gaining popularity among the residents.[56]

Music

The city is home to many

Dargah Pahadi Shareef.[57][58][59]

Films

Film-making in Hyderabad was started in early 1917 by

IMAX-3D,[66] In the year 2005, the Guinness World Records declared, The Ramoji Film City located in Hyderabad since 1996, as the world's largest film studio.[67]

Clothing, Jewelry and Perfume

Rumi Topi

Khara Dupatta

The

chooridaar (ruched pair of pants), and 6-yard dupatta (veil) and is traditionally worn by Hyderabadi brides.[68] Sometimes the kurta is sleeveless and worn over a koti resembling a choli. The bride also wears a matching ghoonghat (veil) over her head. The accompanying jewelry is:[69]

Sherwani

The Sherwani is the traditional men's garb of Hyderabad. It is a coat-like tunic with a tight-fitting collar (hook & eyelet fastening), close-fitting in the upper torso and flaring somewhat in its lower half. It usually has six or seven buttons, often removable ones made from gold sovereigns for special occasions. The material is usually silk or wool. A groom may use gold brocade for his wedding sherwani, but otherwise good taste dictates understated colors, albeit with rich and textured fabrics. The sherwani is usually worn over a silk or cotton kurta (long shirt) and pyjamas (baggy pants with a drawstring at the waist).

The Sherwani is closely associated with Hyderabad,

Nehru Jacket
, further popularizing the garment.

Attar

The traditional

perfumes.[71][72][73][74]

Cuisines

Main article:
Telugu cuisine
Hyderabadi food
Hyderabadi biryani along with other Hyderabadi cuisine

The city is home to two types of cuisines, the

Telugu cuisine and the Hyderabadi cuisine. The former is the native cuisine of the Telugu people and is influenced by South Indian cuisines while the latter is native to the Hyderabadi Muslims
and is more influenced by Mughlai cuisines.

Telugu and Marathwada cuisines.[75]

Some of the most famous dishes include

Osmania Biscuits.[78]

Desserts include

Qubani-ka-Meetha, an apricot pudding, Shahi Tukra (also known as Double-ka-Meetha), a bread based dish and Gil-e-Firdaus, the local variant of Kheer.[79][80]

Karimnagar District, cashew
nuts are added.

Makara Sankranti festival season. This a deep-fried snack made of rice flour, sesame seeds and flavoured with ajwain (carom seeds or vaamu in Telugu). These savories are harder and spicier than the Andhra varieties. Garijelu is a dumpling dish similar to the Maharashtrian karanji, which in Telangana is cooked with sweet stuffing or a savory stuffing with mutton or chicken kheema.[82]

Architecture

Nizamia Hospital
Main article: Architecture of Hyderabad

A distinct

Asaf Jahi period, including various mosques and palaces.[84]

Hindu Temple Architecture is also seen in the temples of Hyderabad, including the Birla Mandir, Jagannath Temple and Karmanghat Hanuman Temple.[85][86] Modern architectural styles are seen in most buildings constructed after independence.

Qutb Shahi period

Qutb Shahi Tombs

Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical

Golconda fort
built in the 16th century.

The most important monuments from this time are the

UNESCO World Heritage status.[88][89][90]

The style is also seen in the

Khairtabad Mosque and Toli Masjid.[91][92][93]

Asaf Jahi period

Indo-Saracenic Revival Architecture

In the 17th century,

Asaf Jahi architecture emerged with palatial style outweighed secular construction. The earliest examples include the Purani Haveli, which served as the seat of the Nizam until the Chowmahalla Palace was constructed. The Chowmahalla Palace, located a stone's throw away from Charminar was constructed over a period of 100 years. It was recently restored and opened to the public.[94][95]

Another testament to the wealth of Hyderabadi aristocracy is the

European styles in some of the palaces such as Falaknuma and King Kothi Palaces.[16][96]

Kachiguda Railway Station. These buildings are quite distinct from their earlier Qutb Shahi counterparts. Most of these were designed by British-Indian architect Vincent Esch.[97]

The

Bashir Bagh Palace (demolished) and Paigah Palace
also contribute to the architecture of this period.

Shops in the Laad Bazaar

Bazaars

Bazaars of Hyderabad form an integral part of the charm and add to the rich culture of the city. They are described in the poem "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad" by Sarojini Naidu. The Old City
boasts of a large number of traditional Bazaars.

The

Sultan Bazaar and the Moazzam Jahi Market
.

Sport

Gachibowli Indoor Stadium
Main article: Sports in Hyderabad

2009 World Badminton Championships and the 2009 IBSF World Snooker Championship
.

Prominent sportspeople from Hyderabad include

Mohammed Azharuddin, Sania Mirza, Mohammed Siraj, Syed Abdul Rahim and P. V. Sindhu
.

Preservation

Preservation of Hyderabadi Culture is a serious issue. After the

Integration of Hyderabad into the Indian Union, a large number of eminent personalities and intellectuals from the erstwhile Hyderabad State migrated to Pakistan.[102] Today, many heritage structures, including the Moazzam Jahi Market,[103] Osmania General Hospital,[104] Mahbub Mansion,[105] King Kothi Palace[105] and the Paigah Tombs[106] lie in a state of neglect.[107][108]

Urdu Calligraphy, or khushkhat, is also a dying art form.[100][109][110]

Nawab Mehboob Alam Khan states that many of the old recipes that form Hyderabadi cuisine are being lost.[111]

See also

External links

References

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