Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople

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Antonio Anastasio Rossi, last Latin Patriarch of Constantinople (d. 1948)

The Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople was an office established as a result of the

Eastern Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and remained in the city until the reconquest of Constantinople by the Byzantines in 1261, whereupon it became a titular see
. The office was abolished in 1964.

History

In the early middle ages, there were five patriarchs in the Christian world. In descending order of precedence:

Jerusalem
.

The sees of Rome and Constantinople were often at odds with one another, just as the Greek and Latin Churches as a whole were often at odds both politically and in things ecclesiastical. There were complex cultural currents underlying these difficulties. The tensions led in 1054 to a serious rupture between the Greek East and Latin West called the East–West Schism, which while not in many places absolute, still dominates the ecclesiastical landscape.

In 1204, the Fourth Crusade invaded, seized and sacked Constantinople, and established the Latin Empire. Pope Innocent III, who was not involved, initially spoke out against the Crusade, writing in a letter to his legate, "How, indeed, is the Greek church to be brought back into ecclesiastical union and to a devotion for the Apostolic See when she has been beset with so many afflictions and persecutions that she sees in the Latins only an example of perdition and the works of darkness, so that she now, and with reason, detests the Latins more than dogs?"[1][2] However the popes accepted the Latin patriarchate established by Catholic clergy that accompanied the Crusade, similar to Latin patriarchates previously established in the Crusader states of the Holy Land. The pope recognised these "Latin" sees at the Fourth Council of the Lateran. Furthermore, those Orthodox bishops left in their place were made to swear an oath of allegiance to the pope.[3]

However, the Latin Empire in Constantinople was eventually

Eastern Orthodox hierarchy, thus ending a short-lived union. in 1286, Latin Patriarch Pantaleonе Giustinian was succeeded by Pietro Correr who was the first holder of that office in a new form of a titular see
.

On 8 February 1314,

Latin Greece.[5]

For a time, like many ecclesiastical offices in the West, it had rival contenders who were supporters or protégés of the rival popes.[

Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople (see Pope Paul VI and ecumenism), showing the Latin Church by this point was more interested in reconciliation with the Eastern Church, abolishing the titular title. [7]

A

Vicariate Apostolic of Istanbul
(until 1990, Constantinople) has existed from 1742 into the present day.

List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople

See also

  • List of Popes
  • Latin Patriarch of Alexandria
  • Latin Patriarch of Antioch
  • Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
  • Latin Archbishop of Athens
  • Latin Archbishop of Corinth
  • Latin Archbishop of Crete
  • Latin Archbishop of Neopatras
  • Latin Archbishop of Patras
  • Latin Archbishop of Thebes

References

  1. ^ Phillips, J., (2009) Holy Warriors: A Modern History of the Crusades (Vintage Books; London), p195.
  2. ^ Pope Innocent III - To Peter, Cardinal Priest of the Title of St. Marcellus, Legate of the Apostolic See. However, on the way to attack Constantinople the crusaders attacked another Christian city, Zara, and received papal absolution for this. de Villehardouin, G., (1908) Memoirs or Chronicle of The Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople (J.M. Dent; London), p26.
  3. ^ Papadakis, A., (1994) The Christian East and the Rise of the Papacy, (St Vladimir’s Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY), p204.
  4. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6
    .
  5. ^ Loenertz 1966, pp. 266–267.
  6. ^ "Three Latin quriarchafes dropped, yearbook reveals". 1964. p. 2. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  7. ISBN 9788876527739
    . Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  8. ^ "Constantinople (Titular See)" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. retrieved March 24, 2016
  9. ^ "Titular Patriarchal See of Constantinople" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved March 24, 2016
  10. ^ Wolff 1954.
  11. ^ Hazlitt, W. Carew (1860). History of the Venetian republic: her rise, her greatness, and her civilisation, Vol. IV. London: Smith, Elder and Co., 65, Cornhill. p. Chapter 22. Contarini was at the Council of Constance in November 1414.
  12. ^ "Patriarch Bonaventura Secusio, O.F.M. Obs." Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 30, 2016
  13. ^ "Patriarch Ascanio Gesualdo" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 21, 2016

Sources and external links

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