Elbasan
Elbasan | |
---|---|
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal Code | 3001-3006 |
Area Code | (0)54 |
Website | elbasani |
Elbasan (/ˌɛlbəˈsɑːn/ EL-bə-SAHN,[1] Albanian: [ɛlbaˈsan]; Albanian definite form: Elbasani, pronounced [ɛlbaˈsani]) is the fourth most populous city of Albania and seat of Elbasan County and Elbasan Municipality. It lies to the north of the river Shkumbin between the Skanderbeg Mountains and the Myzeqe Plain in central Albania.
Etymology
The name (in the form Elbasan also in Aromanian)[2] is derived from the Ottoman Turkish il-basan ("the fortress").[3]
History
In August 2010 archaeologists discovered two Illyrian graves near the walls of the castle of Elbasan.[4]
In the second century BC, a
It took part in the spread of
The site seems to have been abandoned until the
It became the seat of
By the end of the 17th century it had 2,000 inhabitants.The fortress was dismantled by
In 1909, after the
Before the Second World War, Elbasan was a city with a mixture of eastern and medieval buildings, narrow cobbled streets and a large bazaar. There was a clearly defined Muslim settlement within the castle walls, an Aromanian district on the outskirts of the city and several fine mosques and Islamic buildings. At the time the population was about 15,000 people.
The very first teachers' training college in Albania, the
The city was also noted for its good public buildings, advanced educational provisions, public gardens and timber-built shops. There was much wartime damage, which was followed by an intensive programme of industrial development in the
Geography
The city of Elbasan lies to the north of the river Shkumbin between the Skanderbeg Mountains and the Myzeqe Plain in central Albania. The municipality of Elbasan consists of the administrative units of Bradashesh, Funarë, Gjergjan, Gjinar, Gracen, Labinot-Fushë, Labinot-Mal, Papër, Shirgjan, Shushicë, Tregan, Zavalinë and Elbasan.[18][19][20] It covers 872.03 km2.[18][21]
Climate
According to the
Climate data for Elbasan | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.5 (49.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
14.1 (57.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.6 (85.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
10.9 (51.6) |
19.5 (67.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) |
7.1 (44.8) |
9.7 (49.5) |
13.2 (55.8) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.6 (70.9) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
20.3 (68.5) |
15.6 (60.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
7.4 (45.3) |
14.7 (58.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) |
3.6 (38.5) |
5.4 (41.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
17.9 (64.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
10.9 (51.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
4.0 (39.2) |
10.1 (50.2) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 120 (4.7) |
110 (4.3) |
98 (3.9) |
86 (3.4) |
75 (3.0) |
50 (2.0) |
32 (1.3) |
41 (1.6) |
66 (2.6) |
104 (4.1) |
156 (6.1) |
145 (5.7) |
1,083 (42.7) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 0.2 (0.1) |
0.5 (0.2) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.0) |
0.8 (0.3) |
Average rainy days | 13 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 123 |
Average snowy days | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 1.4 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
74 | 72 | 69 | 69 | 66 | 64 | 58 | 60 | 66 | 70 | 76 | 76 | 68 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 117.8 | 124.3 | 167.4 | 201 | 269.7 | 309 | 368.9 | 319.3 | 255 | 204.6 | 135 | 105.4 | 2,577.4 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 3.8 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 6.7 | 8.7 | 10.3 | 11.9 | 10.3 | 8.5 | 6.6 | 4.5 | 3.4 | 7.0 |
Mean daily daylight hours | 9.6 | 10.7 | 12 | 13.3 | 14.5 | 15.1 | 14.8 | 13.8 | 12.5 | 11.1 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 12.2 |
Average ultraviolet index | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 7 |
Source: Climate data,[22] Weather2Visit(Rain-Sun-Humidity[23]), Weather Atlas(Daylight-Snow[24]), Nomadseason(UV[25]) |
Economy
Industrial development began during the
The city also hosts a ferrochrome smelter, which was commissioned in 1989 by the communist regime and now is owned by the Balfin Group.
The city was a hub for heavy industry during the communist regime, mostly metallurgic and metal processing factories. All these industries caused big pollution and Elbasan is considered today to be one of the most polluted cities of Albania.
In recent years Elbasan, like the rest of Albania, has had to deal not only with local pollution, but also with what environmentalists call "imported pollution", because of the waste imported from abroad for the recycling process in private companies.[17]
Demography
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1950 | 16,492 | — |
1955 | 23,616 | +43.2% |
1960 | 29,786 | +26.1% |
1969 | 39,100 | +31.3% |
1979 | 61,200 | +56.5% |
1989 | 80,650 | +31.8% |
2001 | 86,148 | +6.8% |
2011 | 78,703 | −8.6% |
Source: pop-stat.mashke.org[27] |
The population of the municipality of Elbasan at the 2011 census was 141,714,[a] of which 78,703 in the city proper.[28]
Culture
Elbasan has been occupied by several different groups, including the
In the center of the city, is located the
Other orthodox churches in the
About 7 km away from Elbasan there is an old monastery and orthodox church where notably Saint Jovan Vladimir was buried until 1995 when his remains were transferred to the Orthodox Cathedral in Tirana, being brought back to the monastery only for his feast days.[30]
Elbasan is home to the National Autocephalous Albanian Church (Albanian: Kisha Autoqefale Kombetare), a relatively new Orthodox Autocephalous church that split from the Albanian Orthodox Church in 1995. Father Nikolle Marku is the leader of the new denomination.[31]
Elbasan is also home to a Catholic church.
Elbasan has four museums:[32]
- Ethnographic Museum (1982) held in an 18th-century building
- “Kostandin Kristoforidhi” house (started as a museum in 1978)
- Shkolla Normale Museum
- War Museum
Elbasan is home to the
Notable people
- Sultan Ahmed Mosque(the "Blue Mosque") in Istanbul.
- Shefqet Vërlaci – Albanian politician.
- Ibrahim Biçakçiu – Albanian landowner, Axis collaborator and Prime Minister of Albania
- Aqif Pasha Elbasani – Albanian political figure
- Lef Nosi – Albanian politician, scholar and patriot
- Todhri script.
- Teki Biçoku – Albanian geologist and former member and president of the Academy of Sciences of Albania.
- Qemal Karaosmani – He served as General Secretary of the Provisional Government of Albania
- Thoma Deliana – Albanian politician of Communist Albania
- Sokrat Dodbiba – Albanian economist and politician who served as Minister of Finance of Albania during 1943–44
- Pirro Dodbiba – Albanian politician of the Albanian Party of Labour (PPSh).
- Shefqet Daiu– Signatories of the Albanian Declaration of Independence
- Mahir Domi – Albanian linguist, professor, and academic
- Shefqet Stringa – Banking pioneer in Albania
- Abdullah Pashe Taushani – Member of the Ali Pasha Tepelena's Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
- Eva Murati – Albanian actress and TV host
- Trejsi Sejdini – Miss Universe Albania
- Lindita Idrizi – Albanian model
- Saimir Pirgu – Albanian international opera singer
- Miriam Cani – Albanian singer-songwriter and television host
- Armando Sadiku – Albanian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Levante in La Liga and the Albania national team
- Elton Basriu – Albanian professional footballer
- Kostandin Kristoforidhi – Albanian translator and scholar
- Fatos Kongoli – Recently become one of the most forceful and convincing representatives of contemporary Albanian prose
- Klara Buda – Albanian journalist and writer
- Luljeta Lleshanaku – Albanian poet
- Dhimitër Shuteriqi – Albanian scholar, literary historian, and writer.
- Iliriana Sulkuqi – Award-winning Albanian poet and journalist
- Visarion Xhuvani – Primate of the Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania from 1929 to 1937
- Ardit Hila— Albanian footballer who currently plays for KF Tirana
- Mirketa Çobani- former Albanian actress
International relations
Elbasan is
- Dunaújváros, Hungary[34]
- Osijek, Croatia[35]
Elbasan also has cooperation and friendship relationships with:
See also
Notes
- ^ The population of the municipality results from the sum of the administrative units in the former as of the 2011 Albanian census.[18]
References
- ^ "Elbasan". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2021-09-24.
- ^ "Arumunët Albania, nr. 40". Arumunët Albania (in Albanian and Aromanian). No. 40. 2014. p. 15.
- ISBN 9780810873803. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
- ^ Popja, Fatmir. "Elbasan, zbulohen dy varre ilire në muret e kalasë". Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
- ISBN 9781841623870. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
mansio scampa.
- S2CID 162531891.
- ^ "Blue Albania - We help you to explore Albania... - Portali me i madh turistik Shqiptar".
- ISBN 9780299107444.
- ISBN 978-92-9063-330-3, retrieved 9 January 2012,
...states that Elbasan became a sandjak capital right after 1466 but the usually well informed Tursun Beg noted for 1466: "The sultan attached this fortress of Elbasan to the Sancak of Ohrid and returned to Edirne..."
- OCLC 276645834, retrieved 26 December 2011,
At the same time or nearly in 1467 the citizens from Skopje, ...were expa-triated to the Albanian city of Konjuh (Elbasan), which was constructedas a fortress to help the fighting against Skender-Bey. ... these Christians from Skopje as Elbasan's citizens appeared other families from Ohrid, Kastoria and Serres that were compulsorily moved into this city...
- ISBN 9789004116245. "Elbasan... All the people speak Albanian. Most also know good Turkish, and the ulema can read Persian. Greek and Frankish are used by the merchants."
- ISBN 9789607760869. "while at the end of the nineteenth century there were 3,000 Moslem families and 280 Orthodox Christian families. Of these, about 100 old Albanian-speaking Christian families lived in the old Christian quarter in the fortress, while 180 more prosperous Vlach families lived in the St Nicholas district on the outskirts of the town."
- ISBN 9788172680114. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
...Pop estimated at 15,000
- ISBN 978-1-84511-013-0. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
January 29th; ... Bulgarian troops had also crossed Albanian frontier, and Elbassan in central Albania was occupied by a company of the 23rd Bulgarian Infantry Regiment under Captain Serafimov
- ISBN 978-1-84511-013-0. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
March 18th-20th; Austrian troops took possessions of Elbasan ...
- ^ (in Czech) S.K. Neumann: Elbasan, družstevní nakladatelství "Kniha", knihovna socialistické kultury, svazek III., Praha 1922
- ^ a b Rukaj, Marjola. "Elbasan, Elbasan, the polluted city". Retrieved 20 October 2013.
- ^ a b c "Pashaporta e Bashkisë Elbasan" (in Albanian). Porta Vendore. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ "A new Urban–Rural Classification of Albanian Population" (PDF). Instituti i Statistikës (INSTAT). May 2014. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ "Law nr. 115/2014" (PDF) (in Albanian). pp. 6368–6369. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
- ^ "Bashkia Elbasan" (in Albanian). Albanian Association of Municipalities (AAM). Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ a b "Climate: Elbasan". Climate-Data. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ "Elbasan monthly weather averages". weather 2 visit. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Climate and monthly weather forecast Elbasan, Albania". Weather atlas. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "UV Index in Elbasan, Albania". nomadseason. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
Last updated: February 4, 2024
- ISBN 0449910857.
- ^ "Cities of Albania". 2024-04-15.
- ^ Nurja, Ines. "Censusi i popullsisë dhe banesave/ Population and Housing Census–Elbasan (2011)" (PDF). Tirana: Institute of Statistics (INSTAT). p. 85. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "From the Saint Mary website". Kishaautoqefale.webs.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
- ^ Milosavljević, Presbyter Čedomir (September 22, 2007). Св. Јован Владимир (in Serbian). Pravoslavna Crkvena Opština Barska. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ^ "Church's official website". Kishaautoqefale.webs.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
- ^ "Municipality website". Elbasani.gov.al. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
- ISBN 0500274290.
- ^ "Testvérvárosaink" (in Hungarian). Dunaújváros. 9 May 2011. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ "Gradovi prijatelji" (in Croatian). Grad Osijek. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ "Gradovi pobratimi" (in Montenegrin). Opština Bar. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ "Jumelages et partenaires" (in French). Liege. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
External links
- elbasani.gov.al – Official Website (in Albanian)