Flushing–Main Street station (IRT Flushing Line)
Flushing–Main Street n20X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Structure | Underground | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Platforms | 2 island platforms | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tracks | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opened | January 21, 1928[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accessible | ADA-accessible | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opposite- direction transfer | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Traffic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2023 | 13,876,213[3] 18.4% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rank | 10 out of 423[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Main Street Subway Station (Dual System IRT) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MPS | New York City Subway System MPS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NRHP reference No. | 04001147[4] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Added to NRHP | October 14, 2004 |
The Flushing–Main Street station (signed as Main Street on entrances and pillars, and Main St–Flushing on overhead signs) is the eastern (
The Flushing–Main Street station was originally built as part of the Dual Contracts between the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT). It opened on January 21, 1928, completing the segment of the Flushing Line in Queens. Although plans existed for the line to be extended east of the station, such an extension was never built. The station was renovated in the 1990s. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) began constructing additional staircases, including four new entrances, at the station in 2022.
The station has two
History
Planning and construction
The 1913 Dual Contracts called for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT; later Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, or BMT) to build new lines in Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx. Queens did not receive many new IRT and BRT lines compared to Brooklyn and the Bronx, since the city's Public Service Commission (PSC) wanted to alleviate subway crowding in the other two boroughs first before building in Queens, which was relatively undeveloped. The IRT Flushing Line was to be one of two Dual Contracts lines in the borough, and it would connect Flushing and Long Island City, two of Queens' oldest settlements, to Manhattan via the Steinway Tunnel. When the majority of line was built in the early 1910s, most of the route went through undeveloped land, and Roosevelt Avenue had not been constructed.[7]: 47 Community leaders advocated for more Dual Contracts lines to be built in Queens to allow development there.[8]
At the time of the line's planning, Downtown Flushing was a quiet Dutch-colonial-style village; what is now Roosevelt Avenue in the area was known as Amity Street, a major commercial thoroughfare in the neighborhood.[9][7]: 49 In late 1912, Flushing community groups were petitioning the Public Service Commission (PSC) to depress the proposed line in Flushing into a subway tunnel, rather than an elevated line.[7]: 51 Unlike a subway, an el would cause disturbances to the quality of life and a loss in nearby property values, as well as a widening of Amity Street that would cause more changes to the already existing town. One Amity Street property owner compared the planned effect of an elevated Flushing Line on Amity Street to the degradation of Myrtle Avenue in Brooklyn after the Myrtle Avenue Elevated was built there. On the other hand, a subway would only require that the street be widened, even though it was more expensive than an elevated of the same length.[7]: 52–53
On January 20, 1913, because of these concerns, the Flushing Association voted to demand that any IRT station in Flushing be built underground.
The Flushing Line west of 103rd Street opened in 1917.
Proposed extension of the line
The station was not intended to be the Flushing Line's terminus.
The Bayside extension was tentatively approved in June 1913, but only after the construction of the initial extension to Flushing.[7]: 61 Under the revised subway expansion plan put forth in December 1913, the Flushing Line would be extended past Main Street, along and/or parallel to the right-of-way of the nearby Port Washington Branch of the LIRR towards Bell Boulevard in Bayside. A spur line would branch off north along 149th Street towards College Point.[11]
In 1914, the PSC chairman and the commissioner committed to building the line toward Bayside. However, at the time, the LIRR and IRT were administered separately, and the IRT plan would require rebuilding a section of the Port Washington branch between the
Afterward, the PSC largely ignored the lease plan since it was still focused on building the first phase of the Dual Contracts. The Flushing Business Men's Association kept advocating for the Amity Street subway, causing a schism between them and the rest of the groups that supported the LIRR lease. Through the summer of 1915, the PSC and the LIRR negotiated the planned lease to $125,000 a first year, equivalent to $3,760,000 in 2023, with an eight percent increase each year; the negotiations then stalled in 1916.
The Whitestone Branch would have had to be rebuilt if it were leased to the subway, with railroad crossings removed and the single track doubled. The PSC located 14 places where crossings needed to be eliminated. However, by early 1917, there was barely enough money to build the subway to Flushing, let alone a link to Whitestone and Bayside.[7]: 68 A lease agreement was announced on October 16, 1917,[19] but the IRT withdrew from the agreement a month later, citing that it was inappropriate to enter such an agreement at that time.[7]: 68 Thereafter, the PSC instead turned its attention back to the Main Street subway extension.[7]: 71
Even after the station opened in 1928, efforts to extend the line past Flushing persisted. In 1928, the
Later years
1930s to 1960s
Following the station's opening, Downtown Flushing evolved into a major commercial and transit center, as development sprung around the section of Main Street near the station.
The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940.
1970s to present
A station renovation had been planned since the 1970s. In 1981, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) listed the station among the 69 most deteriorated stations in the subway system.
The Flushing–Main Street station has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 2004. The National Park Service listed the station because it was considered a good historic example of Squire J. Vickers architecture during the time of construction.[52][4]
As part of the 2015–2019 MTA Capital Program, New York City allocated $300 million to be used for projects to increase subway station capacity and to make them ADA accessible.[53][54] One of the projects being funded will increase station circulation at Main Street. Four additional staircases would be added between the platforms and the mezzanine; additional street to mezzanine staircases would be added at the northeastern, northwestern and southwestern corners of Roosevelt Avenue and Main Street; and two new entrance staircases leading from the west-most area of the mezzanine to Roosevelt Avenue halfway between Main Street and Prince Street would be constructed. To provide space for the new staircases to and from the mezzanine, several employee rooms would be relocated.[55] At the bottom of each new staircase, a new fare control area would be installed in the mezzanine, with four turnstiles. In addition, the project would strengthen or reframe the mezzanine wall liner and roof level beams, and the four existing platform-to-mezzanine staircases would be modified and would receive ADA-compliant handrails and guardrails.[56] The project also included five countdown clocks, 15 digital information displays, and new cameras.[57] The design for this project was completed in January 2020, and construction was to have started in September 2020.[58] Work on the new staircases began in June 2022, with an estimated cost of $61 million;[59][60] at the time, the work was expected to be complete in October 2023.[60][61]
The MTA announced in late 2022 that it would open customer service centers at 15 stations; the centers would provide services such as travel information and OMNY farecards. The first six customer service centers, including one at Flushing–Main Street, were to open in early 2023.[62][63] The customer service center at the Main Street station opened in March 2023.[64] The new staircases, entrances, and turnstiles were finished in November 2023;[65][66] the project had cost $49 million, less than the original budget.[57]
Station layout
Ground | Street level | Entrances/exits | |
Mezzanine | Concourse to Main Street | Fare control, MetroCard machines, station agent | |
Platform level | Track 1 | ← toward 34th Street–Hudson Yards (Mets–Willets Point) | Lippmann Plaza, fare control, MetroCard machines, escalator to Elevator on Roosevelt Avenue east of Main Street |
Island platform | |||
Track M | ← ( AM rush) toward 34th Street–Hudson Yards (Mets–Willets Point) | ||
Island platform | |||
Track 2 | ← ( AM rush) toward 34th Street–Hudson Yards (Mets–Willets Point) |
The station has three tracks and two relatively narrow
When peak-direction express service operates, express trains leave from the middle and southernmost tracks, Track M and Track 2 respectively, while local trains leave from Track 1. This system was instituted in November 1952.
At the west end of the platforms are the offices and dispatch tower for the IRT Flushing Line. Train crews report to the offices, while the dispatch tower dispatches trains and controls the Flushing Line. West of the station, the line rises from the tunnel via a portal at College Point Boulevard, and onto the elevated bridge across Flushing Creek.[7]: 73
Exits
There are nine entrances at street level, leading to two separate
The fare control area at Lippmann Plaza has an extremely high ceiling, with the lobby itself located approximately 40 feet (12 m) below the street level. The mezzanine is at platform level, and provides an ADA-compliant elevator, three unidirectional escalators, and a stairway to street level at Lippmann Plaza.[12][49][67]: 3 New artwork titled Happy World was installed over the row of turnstiles in 1998.[12][49][73][74][75] The plaza, also known as Lippmann Arcade, is a pedestrian walkway that leads to a municipal parking lot and several bus stops on 39th Avenue.[49][5]
Bus service
In addition to connecting with the nearby Long Island Rail Road station of the same name, the station serves as one of the two busiest local bus-subway interchanges in Queens (along with Jamaica Center) and the largest in North America,[49][51][5] with over 20 bus routes running through or terminating in the area as of 2015[update].[76][77]
Route | Operator | Stop location | North/West Terminal | South/East Terminal | via | notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MTA-operated bus routes | ||||||
Q12 |
NYCT | Roosevelt Avenue (near Lippmann Plaza) | Little Neck
|
Sanford Avenue, Northern Boulevard
|
||
Q13 |
39th Avenue (near Lippmann Plaza) | Fort Totten | Northern Boulevard, Bell Boulevard | |||
Roosevelt Avenue (near Lippmann Plaza) | Beechhurst | 41st Avenue, 150th Street | ||||
Q16 |
39th Avenue (near Lippmann Plaza) | Fort Totten | Bayside Avenue | |||
Main Street | Merrick Boulevard
|
Kissena Boulevard, Horace Harding Expressway, 188th Street, Hillside Avenue | ||||
Q19 |
MTA Bus | Roosevelt Avenue (west of Main Street) | Astoria | Northern Boulevard, Astoria Boulevard | ||
Q20A
Q20B |
NYCT | Main Street | College Point | Jamaica–Merrick Boulevard | 20th Avenue (Q20A), 14th Avenue (Q20B), Main Street, Archer Avenue | |
MTA Bus | College Point | Jamaica– LIRR Station
|
127th Street, Kissena Boulevard, Parsons Boulevard | |||
NYCT | Roosevelt Avenue (near Lippmann Plaza) | Auburndale | Parsons Boulevard, 46th Avenue, Hollis Court Boulevard | Rush-hours only | ||
Main Street | Queens Village or Cambria Heights | Kissena Boulevard, 46th Avenue, 48th Avenue, Springfield Boulevard | ||||
Q28 |
39th Avenue (near Lippmann Plaza) | Bay Terrace Shopping Center | Northern Boulevard, Crocheron Avenue, 32nd Avenue, Corporal Kennedy Street | |||
Q34 |
MTA Bus | Main Street | Whitestone | Jamaica– LIRR Station
|
Union Street, Kissena Boulevard, Parsons Boulevard | |
Q44 SBS |
NYCT | Bronx Zoo–West Farms Square | Jamaica–Merrick Boulevard | Cross Bronx Expressway, Parsons Boulevard, Union Street, Main Street, Archer Avenue | Converted into Q44 Select Bus Service on November 29, 2015. | |
Q48 |
Roosevelt Avenue (west of Main Street) | LaGuardia Airport | Roosevelt Avenue, 108th Street, Ditmars Boulevard | |||
Q50 LTD |
MTA Bus | Main Street | Co-op City, Bronx (Rush hours)
Pelham Bay Park (Off-Peak hours) |
Whitestone Expressway, Hutchinson River Parkway, Bruckner Boulevard, Co-op City Boulevard | Limited-stop Service | |
NYCT | 41st Road | Ridgewood Terminal
|
College Point Boulevard, Corona Avenue, Grand Avenue, Fresh Pond Road | |||
MTA Bus | Main Street | College Point | Jamaica–LIRR Station | College Point Boulevard, 45th Avenue, 164th Street | ||
Q66 |
Roosevelt Avenue (west of Main Street) | Long Island City–Queens Plaza
|
Northern Boulevard, 35th Avenue, 21st Street | |||
Nassau Inter-County Express (NICE)-operated bus routes | ||||||
n20G |
NICE Bus | Roosevelt Avenue (near Lippmann Plaza) | LIRR Station
|
Northern Boulevard | Transfer at n20H to Hicksville
| |
n20X |
NICE Bus | Roosevelt Avenue (near Lippmann Plaza) | Roslyn Clock Tower | Northern Boulevard | Rush hours only |
Ridership
The passenger count for the station in 2019 was 17,568,837, making it the 12th busiest subway station system-wide, the busiest station outside of Manhattan, and the busiest station served by one service. This amounted to an average of 56,503 passengers per weekday.[3] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, ridership dropped drastically in 2020, with only 6,944,923 passengers entering the station that year.[78][79] The Flushing–Main Street station was the 10th busiest station system-wide in 2020. However, due to a steep drop in ridership in Manhattan, it was no longer the busiest station outside Manhattan, having been surpassed by the Jackson Heights–Roosevelt Avenue/74th Street station.[80]
Attractions and points of interest
The station is located in Downtown Flushing, also known as Flushing Chinatown, one of New York City's largest Asian enclaves.[81][82]
Several city and national landmarks are located on the Queens Historical Society's Freedom Mile, which runs around downtown Flushing:[83]
- Flushing Armory, on Northern Boulevard between Linden Place and Union Street[5][84]
- Flushing High School on Northern Boulevard between Union and Bowne Streets[5][85]
- John Bowne House, at 37th Avenue and Bowne Street[5][87]
- Kingsland Homestead and the Weeping Beech, at 37th Avenue west of Parsons Boulevard,[5][88][89]
- Lewis H. Latimer House, at 137th Street and Leavitt Street[90]
- St. George's Church, on Main Street between 38th and 39th Avenues[5][92]
Other points of interest include:
- Bowne Street Community Church, at Bowne Street and Roosevelt Avenue[5][93]
- Flushing Main Post Office, on Main Street between Sanford and Maple Avenues[5][94]
- Free Synagogue of Flushing, at Kissena Boulevard and Sanford Avenue[5][94]
- Lippmann Plaza, between 39th Avenue and Roosevelt Avenue east of Main Street. Named after longtime Flushing businessman Paul Lippmann.[5][95]
- Queens Library, Flushing Branch, at Main Street and Kissena Boulevard, the successor to the original Queens Library branch.[5][82]
Gallery
-
Eastern entrance, refurbished in 1999
-
Eastern entrance ticket hall
-
A Q65 bus outside the station, at Main Street and Roosevelt Avenue
Notes
- Hunters Point Avenue.
- ^ The other two underground stations in Queens are Vernon Boulevard–Jackson Avenue and Hunters Point Avenue.
References
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Further reading
- Stookey, Lee (1994). Subway ceramics : a history and iconography of mosaic and bas relief signs and plaques in the New York City subway system. Brattleboro, Vt: L. Stookey. OCLC 31901471.
External links
- nycsubway.org – IRT Flushing Line: Main Street/Flushing
- nycsubway.org – Happy World Artwork by Ik-Joong Kang (1998)
- Station Reporter – 7 Train
- The Subway Nut – Main Street–Flushing pictures
- MTA's Arts For Transit – Flushing–Main Street (IRT Flushing Line)
- Main Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
- Eastern entrance on Roosevelt Avenue from Google Maps Street View
- Platforms from Google Maps Street View
- Lobby from Google Maps Street View