Bronx Zoo
Bronx Zoo | |
---|---|
40°51′01″N 73°52′42″W / 40.85028°N 73.87833°W | |
Date opened | November 8, 1899[1] |
Location | 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx Park, Bronx, New York 10460, U.S. |
Land area | 265 acres (107 ha)[2] |
No. of animals | 4,000 (2010)[3] |
No. of species | 650 (2010)[3] |
Annual visitors | 2+ million |
Memberships | AZA[4] |
Major exhibits |
|
Management | Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) |
Public transit access | Subway:
Bus:
Fordham |
Website | bronxzoo |
The Bronx Zoo (also historically the Bronx Zoological Park and the Bronx Zoological Gardens) is a zoo within Bronx Park in the Bronx, New York. It is one of the largest zoos in the United States by area and is the largest metropolitan zoo in the United States by area,[5] comprising 265 acres (107 ha) of park lands and naturalistic habitats separated by the Bronx River. On average, the zoo has 2.15 million visitors each year as of 2009[update].[5] The zoo's original permanent buildings, known as Astor Court, were designed as a series of Beaux-Arts pavilions grouped around the large circular sea lion pool.[6] The Rainey Memorial Gates were designed by sculptor Paul Manship in 1934 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.[7]
The zoo opened on November 8, 1899, featuring 843 animals in 22 exhibits. Its first director was
Today, the Bronx Zoo is world-renowned for its large and diverse animal collection, and its award-winning exhibitions.[5] The zoo is part of an integrated system of four zoos and one aquarium managed by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and it is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).[8]
History
Early years
In 1895, a group made up largely of members of the Boone and Crockett Club founded the New York Zoological Society (later renamed the Wildlife Conservation Society) for the purposes of founding a zoo, promoting the study of zoology, and preserving wildlife.[9] Credit for this belonged chiefly to Club members Madison Grant and C. Grant LaFarge.[10]
The zoo (sometimes called the Bronx Zoological Park[11] and the Bronx Zoological Gardens[12]) opened its doors to the public on November 8, 1899, featuring 843 animals in 22 exhibits. Its first director was William Temple Hornaday, who had 30 years of service at the zoo.[13]
The Rockefeller Fountain, which today adorns the gardens just inside the
The New York Zoological Society's
On December 17, 1902, the zoo became one of the seven zoos outside of
I advise you to take excellent care of that specimen; for when it is gone, you never will get another. The species soon will be extinct.
The thylacine died on September 13, 1919.[18]
In early 1903, the zoo was gifted a pair of Barbary lions, a subspecies which is extinct in the wild. The female was named Bedouin Maid and male Sultan, who went on to become one of the zoo's most popular animals. Displayed in the Lion House, Sultan was four years old at the time and described as being both "a perfect specimen" and "unusually good tempered". In May 1903, the pair produced three cubs, the first to be born at the zoo. On October 7, 1905, Charles R. Knight painted a portrait of Sultan and the animal went on to be the focus of many of the zoo's postcards. Sultan was also the model for the lion which sits atop the Rainey Memorial Gates.[19]
In 1916, the zoo built the world's first animal hospital located at a zoo.[5]
In 1926, the Bronx Zoo and the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park simultaneously became the first in the country to exhibit shoebills.[20]
The same year,
In 1937, the zoo became the first in North America to exhibit okapi.[22]
Recent years
In 1960, the zoo became the first in the world to keep a James's flamingo, a species which had been thought to be extinct until 1957. They were imported along with the similar Andean flamingo.[23]
The zoo was one of the few in the world to exhibit proboscis monkeys outside of Southeast Asia and, in the 1976 International Zoo Yearbook, the zoo reported having eight monkeys, seven of which were born at the zoo. As of March 1999, it only had two monkeys left, these two being the last members of their species kept in the United States.[24][25] In 2003, the pair were sent to the Singapore Zoo.
On June 6, 1990, the zoo received a female
In November 2006, the zoo opened up brand-new
In March 2007, the Wildlife Conservation Society and the Fordham University Graduate School of Education announced they would offer a joint program leading to a Master of Science degree in education and New York State initial teacher certification in adolescent science education (biology, grades 7–12). The program began the next year, and is the first joint degree program of its kind.[30]
In 2009, New York City[who?] cut funding for the state's 76 zoos, aquariums, and botanical gardens. The Wildlife Conservation Society as a whole suffered a $15-million deficit, and the zoo was forced to downsize its staff and animal collection. The budget cuts forced the buyouts of over 100 employees and layoffs of dozens more as well as the closure of four sections of the zoo: World of Darkness, Rare Animal Range, the Skyfari, and a small section of the overall still-open African Plains exhibit which featured endangered antelope.[31][32] In the end, 186 staff positions (15%) were cut within the WCS. In 2012, Mayor Michael Bloomberg passed another budget cut that took $4.7-million from the funding of the zoo and the New York Aquarium, also run by the WCS. This cut represented more than half of what the collections were receiving. However, Bloomberg also passed an energy subsidy that brought the cuts down to $3.7-million.[33]
In the summer of 2014,
The foundation has also said that the cost of keeping just one such animal is about $1 million a year, including food, trainers, and habitat upkeep. Additionally, China loans out their pandas for a hefty fee. A study published by The Washington Post in 2005 found that the four U.S. zoos holding pandas—the Memphis Zoo, the San Diego Zoo, the National Zoological Park (located in Washington, D.C., and Front Royal, Virginia) and Zoo Atlanta—had spent $33 million more on their animals than revenue made off of them between 2000 and 2003. Despite the figures, Maloney believes pandas in her city will do better since the city has a higher population than those four cities combined, and received a record-breaking 56.4-million visitors in 2014. Still, the WCS continues to steer away from bringing in these pandas. In 2014, a senior official from the WCS said Maloney's campaign had reached "a new level of absurdity" when it was announced she intended to bring a Chinese delegation to the Central Park Zoo. In November 2015, Jim Breheny, WCS Executive Vice President and Bronx Zoo Director, released a statement saying:[34][35]
The concept of bringing Giant Pandas to New York which the Congresswoman is proposing is complex and would require that a number of complicated issues be considered and resolved before any such plan could be implemented.
Any decision to bring giant pandas to New York would need to be based on positively contributing to the conservation of giant pandas in the wild and a determination that all the requirements necessary to keep the animals well in New York could be met.
Very importantly, there is no funding for this initiative. Building and maintenance of such a exhibit would be an ongoing effort that would require tens of millions of dollars up front and annual support monies for pandas for however long they would be in the city. Any agreement to exhibit pandas would have to come with a guarantee of provision for the necessary funds.
Exhibits and attractions
The zoo has two types of displays: free exhibits accessible with a
Free exhibits and attractions
- African Plains
- American Bison
- Aquatic Bird House and Sea Bird Aviary
- Big Bears
- Birds of Prey
- Bison Range
- Bug Carousel
- Carter Giraffe Building
- Congo Gorilla Forest (during winter)
- Gelada Reserve
- Himalayan Highlands
- JungleWorld
- Madagascar!
- Mitsubishi Riverwalk
- Mouse House
- Nature Trek
- Northern Ponds
- Pheasant Aviary
- Sea Lion Pool
- Tiger Mountain
- World of Birds
- World of Reptiles
- Zoo Center
As of 2010[update], the Bronx Zoo is home to more than 4,000 animals of 650 species, many of which are
Astor Court
Astor Court is an old section of the zoo that is home to many of the zoo's original buildings, designed by
The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated Astor Court's buildings as a city landmark in 2000,[40] after a failed attempt to do so in 1966.[41]
African Plains
African Plains allows visitors to walk past lions, African wild dogs, and Grévy's zebras, and see herds of nyalas, and slender-horned gazelles sharing their home with grey crowned cranes and hybrid giraffes (Baringo × reticulated giraffe). The exhibit originally opened in 1941 and was the first in the country to allow visitors to view predators and their prey in a naturalistic setting as well as allowing large predators such as lions to be exhibited cage-free.[5] This success was achieved through the creation of a series of deep moats, a set-up which can still be found at the zoo today.[15] The wild dogs, however, can be viewed close-up from a glass-fronted viewing pavilion.[42] The zoo has bred their lions on multiple occasions, including one male and two females born in January 2010 and three males and one female born in August 2013. The zoo, in partnership with the New York Daily News, held a contest to name the 2010 cubs, which made their public debut in April 2010. The winning names were Shani, Nala, and Adamma.[43] The 2013 cubs were named Thulani, Ime, Bahata, and Amara[44] and the three males can still be found on-exhibit at the zoo.
The Carter Giraffe Building, a section of African Plains, features indoor/outdoor viewing of the zoo's giraffes and
Until 2009, the southwestern corner of African Plains was home to the endangered Arabian oryx and blesbok. Due to budget cuts and the unpopularity of the species with visitors, they were phased-out of the collection.[32] This section of the exhibit remains empty. In 2017 they received two baby cheetahs from the San Diego Zoo. Cheetahs are now part of their animal encounter programs.[47] They were replaced by the hyenas.[48]
Big Bears
Big Bears features four bears, a male grizzly bear and three ABC Islands bears rescued as orphans from Baranof Island of Alaska.[49]
Until 2015, two female grizzly bears named Betty and Veronica also lived in this exhibit, but moved to the Central Park Zoo where they died in 2020 and 2021.[50]
The zoo also formerly housed polar bears until the last individual, a 26-year-old male named Tundra died in December 2017.[51] Three dholes from the San Diego Zoo Safari Park were added to the habitat in 2019.[52]
Gelada Reserve
Gelada Reserve, originally called Baboon Reserve, opened in 1990. It is a two-acre recreation of the
Himalayan Highlands
Himalayan Highlands, which opened on June 27, 1986,[57] recreates the Himalayas region of Asia. The exhibit is known for its highly naturalistic look and use of the hilly and rocky terrain found in that portion of the zoo. The stars of the exhibit are the zoo's multiple snow leopards. The exhibit also is home to red pandas and white-naped cranes. In 2006, the zoo brought in a male snow leopard named Leo from Pakistan after he was orphaned at around two months old.[58] Leo sired a male cub on April 9, 2013. The cub is one of more than 70 snow leopards born at the zoo, which was the first U.S. zoo to exhibit the species in 1903. Leo later became a grandfather when his son sired a female cub in 2017.[59]
Madagascar!
Madagascar!, which opened on June 20, 2008, recreates various habitats found on the island of
Mouse House
The Mouse House is a small building home to various species of small
Aquatic Bird House
The current Aquatic Bird House opened on September 24, 1964, on the foundation of the original house, which was opened on November 8, 1899, with the rest of the zoo. The building features a multitude of mostly open-fronted enclosures mainly focusing on
The zoo is one of only three zoos in North America working with the endangered storks and has bred them several times, including the hatching of two chicks on June 27 and August 15, 2015.[63] The Aquatic Bird House is also home to another endangered stork species: the Storm's stork. The zoo is one of only two in the United States working with this species; the other being the San Diego Zoo. In May 2014, the zoo opened a new nocturnal enclosure for a North Island brown kiwi in the building,[64] and in May 2015, a colony of Australian little penguins from the Taronga Zoo were added.[65]
Russell B. Aitken Sea Bird Aviary
The Russell B. Aitken Sea Bird Aviary, which opened on May 17, 1997, is a huge walk-through
Tiger Mountain
Tiger Mountain, which opened on May 15, 2003, is a three-acre exhibit which features
The exhibit won the AZA Exhibit Award in 2004.[69] The zoo has had good breeding successful with both subspecies of tiger, having bred both in 2010.[70] Another set of Siberian tiger cubs were born in 2012,[71] and a pair of Malayan tiger cubs were born in 2016.[72] One of the tiger cubs named Nadia tested positive for COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, but have since recovered from the disease.[73] Across from the entrance to Tiger Mountain, a large herd of Père David's deer and a pair of whooper swans can be found.
World of Birds
World of Birds, which originally opened in 1972, is an indoor bird house spanning two floors and featuring several walk-through
World of Reptiles
World of Reptiles has been an attraction at the zoo since it first opened. The building's first curator was
Pheasant Aviary
The Pheasant Aviary is a long row of cages home to a large variety of bird species, particularly pheasants. Exhibited species include Elliot's pheasant, Lady Amherst's pheasant, Cabot's tragopan, blue eared-pheasant, mountain peacock-pheasant, Mérida helmeted curassow, Swinhoe's pheasant, Java peafowl, eastern loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus migrans), white-throated ground-dove, Lord Derby's parakeet, Montezuma oropendola and yellow-crested cockatoo.
Birds of Prey
Birds of Prey is a row of cages for multiple
Zoo Center
The Zoo Center, built in 1908, is a one-story
The building was originally designed as the zoo's Elephant House and has held all three
Bison Range
The Bison Range is in the northeast corner of the zoo,
Northern Ponds
Northern Ponds is a series of naturalistic ponds home to a variety of
Mitsubishi Riverwalk
The Mitsubishi Riverwalk is a path that curves around the Bronx River, on the opposite bank from the zoo. It opened in 2004 upon the completion of a cleanup project on the river. The walkway was funded by Mitsubishi International Corporation Foundation[88] and protects 15 acres (6.1 ha) of Bronx River watershed.[89]
Paid exhibits and attractions
One admission to a premium exhibit costs between $12 and 14 per person per exhibit if paid separately. The fee for unlimited admission grants the ticket holder free access to all attractions for that day. Family memberships include full access.[90]
There are nine premium exhibit attractions:
- Bug Carousel
- Butterfly Garden
- Children's Zoo
- Congo Gorilla Forest
- JungleWorld
- Wild Asia Monorail
- Zoo Shuttle
- Nature Trek
The Treetop Adventure Climb and
Budgie Landing is an exhibit featuring of 1,000 budgerigars which opened on May 27, 2023.[91] Unlike premium attractions and exhibits, Budgie Landing requires all visitors pay a small entrance fee ($5 for regular guests and $3 for members). A complementary feeding stick is handed out with admission.[92]
Bug Carousel
The Bug Carousel has seats shaped like insects. Installed in 2005, it has an annual ridership of 540,000 as of 2014.[93]
Butterfly Garden
This permanent structure is an indoor
The structure, costing $500,000, is the precursor for a future permanent House of Invertebrates in the Monkey House near the Fordham Road entrance. Many species come from the New York metropolitan area, and all species of butterflies and moths are from around the continent. If not successful, the
Children's Zoo
The original Children's Zoo in the Bronx Zoo opened in 1941 with a nursery-rhyme theme; in 1981, a new Children's Zoo opened, and was instantly successful, seeing almost 250,000 visitors in two months. It closed for renovations in 2013;
Congo Gorilla Forest
In the southwestern part of the zoo, Congo Gorilla Forest is a 6.5-acre (2.6 ha) rainforest that is home to the 20 or so
The Congo Gorilla Forest was opened in 1999 and was visited 7,000,000 times as of 2009[update].
JungleWorld
This exhibit is an indoor tropical jungle and home to nearly 800 species
Planning for JungleWorld, in the southeastern Wild Asia portion of the zoo, was started in 1977 and completed at a cost of $9.5 million in June 1985. $4.1 million in funds were donated by
The building's design integrates its environment with the path, as no bars are present in the building; the walkway has no full-height barriers and short railings; and only by means of ravines, streams, or cliffs are most of the animals separated from people and each other. There is a
Wild Asia Monorail
The
This ride takes visitors through a 40-acre (16 ha) area that recreates the mud wallows and pastures, forests and riverbanks of Asia. Visitors will see tigers, Indian elephants, rhinos and wild horses in their natural habitats. As the monorail travels along the Bronx River, visitors can see native animals including egrets, turtles, and ducks. The monorail is accessible for wheelchairs up to 26 inches (66 cm) wide. Smaller chairs are available at the monorail platform for visitors with wider wheelchairs or motorized scooters.[108]
Nature Trek
Nature Trek opened on July 1, 2017, in the southeast portion of the park near Wild Asia. It consists of twelve
Bronx Zoo Treetop Adventure
The Treetop Adventure section opened on July 7, 2017, in the northeast portion of the park near Bronx River Parking. It consists of seven different levels of rope courses: two each of beginner, intermediate, and advanced, and one expert course.
Dinosaur Safari
Dinosaur Safari takes visitors on a safari ride through a normally off-exhibit 2-acre wooded area and features
Former exhibits
World of Darkness
World of Darkness opened in 1969 and was the world's first major exhibit designed specifically to introduce the public to
Rare Animal Range
Rare Animal Range was a trail which focused on highly endangered species.
While most of the species left the zoo when the exhibit closed, the Formosan sika deer were moved to the Wild Asia Monorail and the Père David's deer remained in their primary enclosure across from Tiger Mountain while the blue-eyed black lemurs were moved to Madagascar! where they are rotated with the Coquerel's sifakas. While no longer at the zoo, pied ruffed lemurs can still be seen at the zoo's partner institute, the Central Park Zoo.[122] The zoo's popular Dinosaur Safari ran through a part of this area and the zoo's yearly Run for the Wild event runs through its entirety.
Skyfari
The Skyfari was a popular
Monkey House
The Monkey House, which first opened in 1901 and was originally named the Primate House, closed in late February 2012 after 111 years of operation.
Some of the primates that were in the now-closed exhibit have been moved to other parts of the zoo, such as the cotton-top tamarins now being found in World of Birds; others were sent to other New York City zoos, such as the sakis being moved to the
Amazing Amphibians
Amazing Amphibians was a short-lived exhibition which opened in the zoo's Zoo Center in June 2008 and only remained for a few years. The exhibit featured several educational displays on amphibian conservation as well as a few terrariums containing several amphibian species. Highlight species included Chacoan horned frog, Puerto Rican crested toad, smooth-sided toad and common mudpuppy.[127]
While none of these species are currently on-exhibit at the zoo, the Puerto Rican crested toads can be seen at the Central Park Zoo, which breeds this species for reintroduction back into Puerto Rico.[128]
4-D Theater
The 4-D Theater showed
The Most Dangerous Animal in the World
The Most Dangerous Animal in the World exhibit debuted at the Bronx Zoo on April 26, 1963.[130] The exhibit was installed at the Great Apes House and it featured a statement about the danger humans pose.[131]
The words: "The Most Dangerous Animal in the World" were printed in red on top of a cage.[132] Behind the bars of the cage there was a mirror. The exhibit was reportedly still at the zoo in 1981.[133]
WCS's Run for the Wild
In April 2008, the zoo hosted the first Run for the Wild event. The event is a
The event takes participants through the zoo before opening hours, starting at the Bronx River Parkway Entrance, through the Asian Plaza and African Plains, and ending by the Rockefeller Fountain near Astor Court. The trail also takes runners through the now-closed section of the zoo where the Rare Animal Range once stood. Each year, the event focuses on a specific endangered species or animal group to help raise funds for: 2009's run was for gorillas, 2010 focused on tigers, 2011 helped raise funds to protect the Punta Tombo peninsula of Argentina for Magellanic penguins, 2012 focused on lions, both 2013 and 2014 focused on elephants, 2015 once again was for gorillas, and 2016's run will allow participants to run on behalf of their favorite animal.[134][135]
In 2011, another WCS institute, the New York Aquarium, held its own Run for the Wild event for sea turtles in early October. The 5k run began at the aquarium and led down the Riegelmann Boardwalk on Coney Island.[136] The aquarium held a second run the following year for walruses.[137] The event has not returned to the aquarium since.
Conservation
In 1905, the zoo's first director,
In 2005, the Wildlife Conservation Society resurrected and re-purposed the ABS to, "help build the social and scientific foundations for the
In 1981, the zoo successfully implanted a
In 1990, the zoo experienced a pest problem with the Canada goose. The park had become so over-crowded with the geese, that the zoo had to take action to decrease their numbers. Apart from their presence, the geese were very aggressive towards other birds and occasionally carried diseases into the park. To cope with the problem, the zoo hired a sharpshooter, who killed 19 geese. Zoo workers also destroyed 144 eggs found on the property. In 1991, the zoo employed a gentler method of sterilizing the birds.[144]
In 2005, the zoo sent the frozen sperm of a male
In August 2006, the zoo adopted an orphaned snow leopard cub, named Leo. The 13-month-old cub was found stuck in mud following a landslide in Naltar Valley in Pakistan. The landslide had killed the cub's mother. A Pakistani shepherd in the area found the cub with its female sibling, but the female had died a week later due to malnutrition. He then handed over the male cub to Pakistani authorities to care for him. Since there are no captive breeding programs or rehabilitation centers for snow leopards in Pakistan, the authorities decided to send the cub to the Bronx Zoo. The cat will be returned to its place of birth following construction of a rehab facility in the Naltar Valley with cooperation from the United States.[6][146][147][148] On April 9, 2013, Leo sired a cub. He was the first cub of Leo.[149]
In 2007, the zoo successfully reintroduced three
In January 2010, the zoo adopted four abandoned brown bear cubs. Three of the bears, two males and one female, were siblings born in 2009 and rescued from the ABC Islands in Alaska. The cubs were named Kootz, Denali, and Sitka. The fourth cub, a grizzly bear born in 2008, was rescued from Glacier National Park in Montana and named Glacier after the park.[49] In 2015, two other rescued grizzly bears, who had been at the zoo since 1995, were sent to one of the zoo's partner institutions, the Central Park Zoo.[50]
The next month, an "assurance colony" of Kihansi spray toads was placed in the zoo. The species disappeared in their native Tanzania home.[151]
In February 2011, the zoo took in two
In December 2012, five Chinese yellow-headed box turtles, a critically endangered species, were born.[152]
In December 2015, the zoo rescued a juvenile
Incidents
Human fatality
On July 29, 1985, two female Siberian tigers killed 24-year-old animal keeper Robin Silverman after she entered their enclosure with a volunteer aide.[154] It was unclear why Silverman entered the enclosure; the zoo's general curator suspected a lapse in Silverman's concentration, while her family suspected a failure on the part of the zoo. It was the first and only human fatality in the zoo's history.[155]
Non-human deaths
In the early 2000s, the zoo added a troop of
Soon after the incident, the otters were removed from the enclosure and given their own in the Children's Zoo and elsewhere in JungleWorld.[citation needed]
Animal escapes
In 1902, a seven-month-old male jaguar broke out of his cage and escaped.[5]
In July 1957, a platypus named Penelope who had recently made headlines for faking a pregnancy disappeared, abandoning her mate Cecil. Zookeepers searched the premises but found no evidence of her.[157]
In February 1995, the zoo's De Jur Aviary collapsed during a snowstorm with about 100 seabirds, including Inca terns and gulls, inside. During the collapse, some of the residents flew off and escaped. In total, about 30 birds were lost.[66]
On March 26, 2011, the Bronx Zoo announced that World of Reptiles was closed after a venomous adolescent cobra was discovered missing from its off-exhibit enclosure on March 25. Zoo officials were confident the missing cobra would be found in the building and not outside, since the species is known to be uncomfortable in open areas.[158] The missing snake quickly sparked a popular Twitter parody account, @BronxZoosCobra,[159] which narrated the daily hijinks of the cobra.[160] On March 31, zoo authorities found the snake in a non-public area of the reptile house.[161]
On May 9, 2011, a female green peafowl escaped from the zoo before being caught on May 11.[162]
On September 11, 2011, a lesser kudu escaped from its enclosure for about half an hour and then returned to its enclosure once a zoo worker opened the gate.[163]
On April 26, 2023, an Indian peafowl given the nickname Raul escaped from the zoo and reportedly bit a man, although those reports were never confirmed. Raul flew back into the zoo at 11:17am the next day.[164]
Happy the Elephant
In the early 1970s, seven Indian elephants, named after the Seven Dwarfs from Snow White, were captured as calves in Thailand and dispersed among multiple U.S. zoos and circuses. Two of those calves, named Grumpy and Happy, were brought to the zoo in 1977. Over the next 25 years, the pair lived together, separated from the zoo's other elephants. In July 2002, the zoo attempted to mix the pair with two females, Patty and Maxine. However, the introduction failed when Patty and Maxine attacked the pair and injured Grumpy. Over the next several months, the elephant's injuries worsened and, in October of that year, the zoo was forced to euthanize her. With her lifelong companion gone, Happy was paired with the zoo's younger female, Sammy, whose companion Tus had also died in 2002. The two got along very well until Sammy developed severe liver disease and was also euthanized in early 2006. This left Patty, Maxine, and Happy as the zoo's only remaining elephants.[165]
Despite the fact that elephants are highly social animals, the zoo decided that making a second attempt at introducing Happy to the others was too risky, with there being too high a chance that she would be attacked. She has since lived without the company of other elephants. Due to this, the zoo has been criticized by multiple
In 2012, a reporter for the New York Post wrote that she is kept inside all year and in solitary confinement. The zoo claims that she and the other two elephants have equal access to outdoor yards, and that the three elephants have limited interactions with each other and extensive interactions with zoo keepers. All three animals share the same barn, but Happy lives in separate stalls and yards.[171] In late 2018, one of the zoo's other elephants, Maxine, was euthanized due to complications with her liver and kidneys.[172]
A lawsuit against the Bronx Zoo, stating that Happy was legally "a person with a right to be free", was dismissed in February 2020 by a judge of the Bronx County Supreme Court.[173] However, in May 2021, the New York Court of Appeals agreed to hear the appeal, filed on behalf of Happy by the Nonhuman Rights Project.[174] In June 2022, the Court of Appeals also ruled in favor of the zoo, saying in a 5–2 decision that the writ of habeas corpus did not apply to nonhuman animals.[175][176]
Ota Benga
In 1906, Ota Benga, a man from the Mbuti pygmy ethnic group, was brought to the zoo by the American businessman and explorer Samuel Phillips Verner, and displayed there as an exhibit; though he was allowed to roam the grounds freely. He became fond of an orangutan named Dohong, "the presiding genius of the Monkey House", who had been taught to perform tricks and imitate human behavior.[177]: 172–174 The events leading to his "exhibition" alongside Dohong were gradual. Benga spent some of his time in the Monkey House exhibit, where the zoo encouraged him to hang his hammock and to shoot his bow and arrow at a target. On the first day of the exhibit, September 8, 1906, visitors found Benga in the Monkey House.[178] Soon, a sign on the exhibit read:
The African Pigmy, "Ota Benga."
Age, 23 years. Height, 4 feet 11 inches.
Weight, 103 pounds. Brought from the
Kasai River, Congo Free State, South
Central Africa, by Dr. Samuel P. Verner.
Exhibited each afternoon during September.[179]
Hornaday considered the exhibit a valuable spectacle for visitors; he was supported by
We do not quite understand all the emotion which others are expressing in the matter ... It is absurd to make moan over the imagined humiliation and degradation Benga is suffering. The pygmies ... are very low in the human scale, and the suggestion that Benga should be in a school instead of a cage ignores the high probability that school would be a place ... from which he could draw no advantage whatever. The idea that men are all much alike except as they have had or lacked opportunities for getting an education out of books is now far out of date.[180]: 48
Benga was allowed to roam the grounds of the zoo. In response to the situation, as well as verbal and physical prods from the crowds, he became more mischievous and somewhat violent.[181]: Chapter on Ota Benga Around this time, Rev. Dr. R. MacArthur of Calvary Baptist Church, was quoted in The New York Times saying: "It is too bad that there is not some society like the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. We send our missionaries to Africa to Christianize the people, and then we bring one here to brutalize him." Soon, the zoo removed Benga from the grounds.[179][182] Benga died by suicide in 1916 at the age of 32.[183] In 2020, WCS apologized for the zoo's treatment of Benga and promotion of eugenics.[184]
Entrances (gates)
- Asia Gate (walk in) Boston Road
- Bronx River Parkway Gate (parking)
- Fordham Road Gate (parking)
- Southern Boulevard Gate (parking)
In popular culture
During the 1980s, some well known celebrities including British naturalist
In 2013, So What? Press published an issue of its comic series
In March 2016,
Notable people
- E. R. Sanborn (1869–1947), first official photographer
References
- ^ "Wildlife Conservation Society". fundinguniverse.com. Funding Universe. Archived from the original on April 12, 2012. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
- ^ "FAQs". Bronx Zoo. Archived from the original on December 9, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
- ^ a b c d "Bronx Zoo". nycgovparks.org. New York City. Archived from the original on September 19, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
- ^ "List of Accredited Zoos and Aquariums". aza.org. Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Archived from the original on November 1, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jacob E. Osterhout (November 13, 2009). "In honor of its birthday, 110 things to know about the Bronx Zoo". Daily News. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
- ^ a b c Bridges, William. Gathering of Animals: An Unconventional History of the New York Zoological Society. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
- ^ "Brooklyn Botanic Garden History". NYC Parks. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
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