Galician Germans

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German language islands in the middle of Austrian Galicia (1880)

The Galician Germans (

Kraków, Lwów, Tarnopol, and Stanisławów. During World War II, part of the Galician Germans were relocated in January 1940 in the course of Heim ins Reich
; the majority of the remaining population later fled the region in 1944–1945.

History

The first wave of ethnic Germans arrived in what would later be known as Galicia in the late Middle Ages (see Ostsiedlung). In part of the region the settlers were known as Walddeutsche. Most of them underwent Polonization at latest in the 18th century.[1]

Long before the First Partition of Poland in 1772 a small German language island existed on the western tip of the would-be Galicia in

Biała and its vicinity (Hałcnów, Lipnik). Another one was established around 1750 in Zalishchyky, which, however, was partially depopulated before 1772.[2] In 1774 Maria Theresa issued a patent aiming to lure German artisans into several local cities, without significant result. The first meaningful settlement campaign took place in the 1780s, the Josephine colonization, which facilitated the arrival of over 3,200 ethnic German families (around 14,400 people).[3]

Main article: Josephine colonization

Descendants of the Josephine settlers were allowed to establish daughter settlements afterwards (like, for example, Baginsberg in the neighbourhood of Kolomyia, in 1818). Furtherly, smaller settlements took place in the years 1802–1805 (1,200 families) and 1811–1848 (400 families).[4]

A part of this colonies lost its ethnic German character in the following decades, especially in the western Galicia. More settlements proved to be prolific in the eastern Galicia. In the meantime, the German-speaking population grew slowly in the Galician cities.

According to the Austrian census from 1900 there were 212,327 (or 2.7%) German-speaking people in Galicia.

Yiddish language),[7] of whom roughly 20,000 considered themselves German.[6] As a German-speaking was also qualified the population of Wilamowice, traditionally speaking Wymysorys language
.

After World War I, Galicia became a part of the

Neudorf to Polminowice.[8]

Examples of post-Josephine settlements

References

  1. ISBN 978-83-60545-57-7
    pp. 57–105
  2. ^ Lepucki, Henryk (1938). Działalność kolonizacyjna Marii Teresy i Józefa II w Galicji 1772-1790 : z 9 tablicami i mapą (in Polish). Lwów: Kasa im. J. Mianowskiego. p. 28.
  3. ^ H. Lepucki, 1938, p. 106.
  4. ^ The Settlement of German colonists in Galicia (in English)
  5. ^ Gemeindelexikon der im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder, bearbeitet auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1900, XII. Galizien (in German). Wien. 1907.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ a b Grzegorz Smólski: Kolonie i stosunki niemieckie w Galicyi, 1910, p. 6
  7. ^ H. Lepucki, 1938, p. 141.
  8. ^ Zarządzenie Ministra Spraw Wewnetrznych o ustaleniu nazwy miejscowości Neudorf w gminie wiejskiej Neudorf, powiatu drohobyckiego w województwie lwowskim., Dz. U. z 1938 r. Nr 263, poz. 618 (2015-04-19)

External links

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