Tarnopol Voivodeship

Coordinates: 49°33′01″N 25°35′55″E / 49.550298°N 25.598627°E / 49.550298; 25.598627
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Tarnopol Voivodeship
Województwo tarnopolskie
Voivodeship of Poland
1920–1939
Coat of arms of Tarnopol
Coat of arms

Tarnopol Voivodeship (red) on the map of Second Polish Republic[1]
CapitalTarnopol
Area 
• 1921
16,533 km2 (6,383 sq mi)
Population 
• 1921
1,428,520
• 1931
1,600,406
Government
 • TypeVoivodeship
Voivodes 
• 1921–1923
Karol Olpiński
• 1937–1939
Tomasz Malicki
Historical eraInterwar period
• Established
23 December 1920
17 September 1939
Political subdivisions
powiats
, 35 towns
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Ukrainian People's Republic
Ukraine SSR
Today part ofUkraine

Tarnopol Voivodeship (

redrawn by the Allies. The Polish population was forcibly resettled after the defeat of Nazi Germany and the Tarnopol Voivodeship was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union. Since 1991, most of the region is located in the Ternopil Oblast in sovereign Ukraine
.

September 1939 and its aftermath

During the German-Soviet

lorries to the Russian archives.[3] The province was Sovietized in the atmosphere of terror.[4] Families were deported to Siberia in cattle trains,[5] mainly Polish Christians.[6]

During the German attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, Tarnopol was overrun by the

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists – renamed the following month as the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police.[9]

In September 1941, the German occupation authorities established

Podwołoczyska.[8] The Tarnopol ghetto was liquidated between August 1942 and June 1943. The victims were deported to Belzec extermination camp.[7] Many Jews were denounced by Ukrainian nationalists including shortly before the Soviets took over the area in 1944. A number survived by hiding with the Poles.[7]

Demographics

The capital of Tarnopol Voivodeship was

next national census of September 1931 was conducted using different criteria. The respondents were asked about their mother tongue and religion. The population density grew to 97 persons per km2.[11]

The overall number of inhabitants in the province amounted to 1,600,406 people in 1931 of whom 789,114 spoke Polish, 401,963 spoke Ukrainian as their first language, 326,172 spoke Ruthenian (Ukrainian), 71,890 spoke Yiddish, 7,042 spoke Hebrew, 2675 spoke German, and 287 spoke Belarusian, Czech and Lithuanian. Among the Poland's Ukrainian speakers, 397,248 belonged to Greek Catholic Church, and 3,767 were Roman Catholics similar to the majority of Polish language speakers at home; nevertheless, among the Polish language speakers 157,219 belonged to Greek Catholic Church also, like the majority of those who spoke Ukrainian as their mother tongue. The overlapping of religious denominations presented the community as integrated to a considerable degree. Meanwhile, the overwhelming majority of Ruthenian (Ukrainian) speakers were Greco Catholics, like Ukrainians, and only 7,625 of them were Roman Catholics.

Hebrew.[11]

Religion was 50% Greek Catholic, 41% Roman Catholic, 9% Jewish. Ethnic Ukrainian Greek Catholics and Polish-speaking secular Jews were in some cases classified as gentile Poles in the ethnic census[citation needed], and not as Ukrainians or Jews; this explains the difference between the religious and ethnic census numbers.

Geography

Tarnopol Voivodeship until 17 September 1939

The Voivodeship's area was 16,533 square kilometers. It was located in south-eastern corner of Poland, bordering Soviet Union to the east, Lwów Voivodeship and Stanisławów Voivodeship to the west, Romania to the south and Volhynian Voivodeship to the north. The landscape was hilly, with the Podole upland covering large part of the Voivodeship. In the north-west there is the Hologory range with the Kamula mountain (473 meters above sea level) as the highest peak (however, the Kamula was located some 5 kilometers beyond the Voivodeship's borderline, in the Lwów Voivodeship). Southern part of the Voivodeship was known for its wineries and peach orchards.

The

Tartars
.

Administrative subdivisions

The Tarnopol Voivodeship was created formally on 23 December 1920.

Buczacz
(pop. 11,000).

The Tarnopol Voivodeship consisted of 17 powiats (counties):

Administrative division, 1938
  1. Borszczów
    Powiat     (1067 km2),
  2. Brody Powiat (1125 km2)
  3. Brzeżany
    Powiat     (1135 km2)
  4. Buczacz
    Powiat     (1208 km2)
  5. Czortków Powiat
    (734 km2)
  6. Kamionka Strumiłowa Powiat (1000 km2)
  7. Kopyczyńce
    Powiat     (841 km2)
  8. Podhajce Powiat
    (1018 km2)
  9. Przemyślany
    Powiat     (927 km2)
  10. Radziechów Powiat (1022 km2)
  11. Skałat Powiat (876 km2)
  12. Tarnopol Powiat
    (1231 km2)
  13. Trembowla
    Powiat     (789 km2)
  14. Zaleszczyki Powiat (684 km2)
  15. Zbaraż
    Powiat     (740 km2)
  16. Zborów Powiat (941 km2)
  17. Złoczów
    Powiat     (1195 km2)

Economy

Tarnopol Voivodeship was located in the so-called Poland "B", which meant that it was underdeveloped, with scarce industry. However, agricultural production was good, due to moderate climate and rich, fertile black soil common in these areas of Europe. The southern part of the voivodship was popular among tourists, with the main center in

Zaleszczyki
– a border-town, located on the Dniestr, where one could spot grapevines, unique to this part of Poland. The railroad network was better developed in the south, with numerous local connections. Major rail junctions were: Tarnopol, Krasne, Kopczynce. On 1 January 1938, total length of railroads within the Voivodeship's boundaries was 931 kilometers (5.6 km per 100 km²)

Voivodes

  • Karol Olpiński, 23 April 1921 – 23 January 1923
  • Lucjan Zawistowski, 24 February 1923 – 16 February 1927
  • Mikołaj Kwaśniewski, 16 February 1927 – 28 November 1928 (acting till 28 December 1927)
  • Kazimierz Moszyński, 28 November 1928 – 10 October 1933
  • Artur Maruszewski, 21 October 1933 – 15 January 1935 (acting till 6 March 1934)
  • Kazimierz Gintowt-Dziewiałtowski, 19 January 1935 – 15 July 1936 (acting )
  • Alfred Biłyk, 15 July 1936 – 16 April 1937
  • Tomasz Malicki, 16 April 1937 – 17 September 1939

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych (1920). "Ustawa z dnia 3 grudnia 1920 r. o tymczasowej organizacji władz administracyjnych". II instancja (Województwa) na obszarze b. Królestwa Galicji i Lodomerji z W. Ks. Krakowskiem oraz na wchodzących w skład Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej obszarach Spisza i Orawy (117 pos. 768). Dziennik Ustaw.
  2. ^ Kresy.co.uk – History of Podolia and Tarnopol. Archived 8 October 2003 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Dr Grzegorz Jasiński (2013). "Polish cultural losses in the years 1939–1945". London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  4. ISBN 1-57181-882-0
    .
  5. ^ a b Robert Kuwałek; Eugeniusz Riadczenko; Adam Dylewski; Justyna Filochowska; Michał Czajka (2015). "Tarnopol". Historia – Społeczność żydowska przed 1989 (in Polish). Virtual Shtetl (Wirtualny Sztetl). pp. 3–4 of 5. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  6. ISBN 0-7864-0371-3
    .
  7. ^ a b c d "Tarnopol Historical Background". Yad Vashem.
  8. ^ a b Robert Kuwałek; Eugeniusz Riadczenko; Adam Marczewski (2015). "Tarnopol". History – Jewish community before 1989. Translated by Katarzyna Czoków and Magdalena Wójcik. Virtual Shtetl. pp. 3–4 of 5. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  9. ^ Lower, Wendy (September 2005). "The Holocaust and Colonialism in Ukraine: A Case Study of the Generalbezirk Zhytomyr, Ukraine, 1941–1944" (PDF). The Holocaust in the Soviet Union. The Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 15, 18–19, 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  10. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P., ed. (2009). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. Vol. II. Indiana University Press. p. 838.
  11. ^
    Polish census of 1931 for the Tarnopol Voivodeship, page 59 (select, drop-down menu). Wikimedia Commons
    .
  12. ^ Central Statistical office of the Polish Republic, 1931 Census of Poland; Table 10 at Wikimedia Commons (extract).
  • Genealogy of Halychyna and Eastern Galicia – Results of the 1931 census according to HalGal.com
  • Maly rocznik statystyczny 1939, Nakladem Glownego Urzedu Statystycznego, Warszawa 1939 (Concise Statistical Year-Book of Poland, Warsaw 1939).

49°33′01″N 25°35′55″E / 49.550298°N 25.598627°E / 49.550298; 25.598627

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