Glomerales

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Glomerales
Temporal range: 460–0 
Ma
Glomus mosseae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Glomeromycota
Class: Glomeromycetes
Order: Glomerales
Morton & Benny, 1990[1]
Families and genera

Glomeraceae

Claroideoglomeraceae

Synonyms

Glomales

Wikispecies has information related to Glomerales.

Glomerales is an order of

fungi within the phylum Glomeromycota
.

Biology

These fungi are all

mutualists. Most employ the arbuscular mycorrhizal method of nutrient exchange with plants. They produce large (.1-.5mm) spores (azygospores and chlamydospores) with thousands of nuclei.[2]

Phylogeny

All members of their phylum were once thought to be related to the

Endogonaceae, but have been found through molecular sequencing data, to be a closer relation to the Dikarya.[3] Their fossil record extends back to the Ordovician period (460 million years ago).[2]

Meiosis

Glomerales fungi were thought to have reproduced clonally for several hundred million years and are therefore an ancient asexual lineage.[4] However, homologs of 51 meiotic genes, including seven genes specific for meiosis, were found to be conserved in the genomes of four Glomus species.[4] Thus it now appears that these supposedly ancient asexual fungi may be capable of meiosis and perhaps also of a cryptic sexual or parasexual cycle.[4]

Orthography

The family name

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
. The incorrect spellings are commonplace in the literature.

See also

References

  1. ^ J.B. Morton (1990). "Revised classification of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Zycomycetes): a new order, Glomales, two new families, Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporaceae, with an emendation of Glomaceae". Mycotaxon. 37: 473.
  2. ^
    ISBN 0-471-52229-5
    .
  3. doi:10.1017/S0953756201005196
    .
  4. ^ a b c Sébastien Halary, Shehre-Banoo Malik, Levannia Lildhar, Claudio H. Slamovits, Mohamed Hijri, Nicolas Corradi, Conserved Meiotic Machinery in Glomus spp., a Putatively Ancient Asexual Fungal Lineage, Genome Biology and Evolution, Volume 3, 2011, Pages 950–958, https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evr089
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