Jesse Jackson Jr.
Jesse Jackson Jr. | |
---|---|
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 2nd district | |
In office December 12, 1995 – November 21, 2012 | |
Preceded by | Mel Reynolds |
Succeeded by | Robin Kelly |
Personal details | |
Born | Jesse Louis Jackson Jr. March 11, 1965 Greenville, South Carolina, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse |
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (JD ) |
Jesse Louis Jackson Jr. (born March 11, 1965) is an American politician. He served as the
In October 2012, Jackson was investigated for financial improprieties including misuse of campaign funds. Jackson resigned from Congress on November 21, 2012, citing mental and physical health problems, including
Early life, education, and early political career
Jackson was born in
He and his brother Jonathan were sent to
As a teenager, Jackson and his brother
Jackson was again involved in his father's campaigning during the 1988 Democratic primaries.[24] In 1988, in the dealings between his father and Michael Dukakis at the 1988 Democratic National Convention, Jackson's father obtained for him a position as an at-large member of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) by a nomination from Democratic Party chairman Paul Kirk.[25][26] Jackson Jr. was the last of the five children to speak and introduced his father with the words "a man who fights against the odds, who lives against the odds, our dad, Jesse Jackson."[11] At the time, in Time magazine, Margaret Carlson depicted the younger Jackson as a well-spoken and compelling personality who would likely carry any of his father's political aspirations that his father was unable to achieve himself.[25] His experience with the DNC gave him the opportunity to work on numerous congressional election races.[27] After the convention he also became a vice president of Operation PUSH.[28]
Jackson was arrested on his twenty-first birthday in
U.S. House of Representatives
Elections
Jackson's wife wanted him to run for the 2nd District Congressional seat in the 1996
Jackson won the Democratic primary with 48% of the vote to Jones's 39%, with the rest of the votes scattered among the other three candidates.[44][45] The Republicans nominated Thomas Somer. Since the district was overwhelmingly Democratic, Jackson was the favorite for the December 12, 1995 special election.[39] Jackson won the general election with 76% of the vote;[32][46][47] his victory was widely anticipated.[48] Upon his victory, Jackson made it known he would be a liberal voice in opposition to Speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich.[49] He took office on December 15, 1995.[50] Jackson was perceived as less charismatic than his father and less credentialed than his predecessor, but his family pedigree was expected to help him politically.[32][40] In August 1996, Somer withdrew from a rematch leaving Jackson with no major party opposition in the November 1996 general election.[51] As a result, Jackson received 94% of the vote in the general election.[52]
As he prepared to run for president in 2000, Vice President Al Gore attempted to maintain good relations with the Jackson family, hoping to discourage Jackson's father from running for president against him. Jackson received a congratulatory call from Gore after his election in 1995. In 1998, Gore campaigned for and advised Jackson, and went out of his way to instruct aides to create a vice presidential event in Jackson's district to boost Jackson.[53]
The 2nd District was overwhelmingly black when Jackson was first elected and remained so after the
In 2001, the
Jackson won re-election in the
Tenure
Jackson quickly built a track record of never missing a floor vote.[29][65] Once he nearly missed his great-grandmother's funeral for a roll call, but the presiding officer was able to slightly delay the closing of the roll, thereby keeping his attendance record.[29] Fellow Democrats said he debates and votes with a contentiousness that makes it difficult to view him as a team player.[65] Jackson developed foes not only in the House, but also in Chicago against William Daley, who had a hand in several attempts to block Jackson's seating on the transportation committee he desired because of his support for a third Chicago airport.[65] Jackson has also been a target of conservative media figures.[65] Jackson established a heavily liberal voting record on both social and fiscal issues.[3][12] During the 1990s, because of his name recognition and liberal track record, Jackson received many public speaking and media requests.[29]
After being elected, Jackson attempted to parlay his popularity into a seat on the
Jackson had some controversial interactions with Jewish leaders in his early years in office. In 1996, his message of unity and cooperation with the Jews was met with skepticism.
In late 2000, as word spread that President-elect George W. Bush intended to appoint both
On January 6, 2001, Jackson and other members of the House of Representatives objected to counting the 25 electoral votes from
In 2004, Jackson supported the
After the 2004 elections, Jackson became vocal in supporting
Jackson and
Jackson was one of the liberal leaders who supported a fixed timetable for Iraq troop withdrawals.
In March 2011, Jackson attracted ridicule for a speech he made on the House floor proposing a constitutional amendment for "equal education rights", which he illustrated by proposing that every student in America receive an iPad from the federal government.[92] In April 2011, Jackson spoke on the house floor, blaming the iPad for "eliminating thousands of American jobs."[93] In the February 27, 2007 Chicago municipal elections, Jackson's wife, Sandi Jackson, won the election for Alderman in Chicago's 7th ward.[94][95]
Jackson gave a prime-time speech at the
Before the entire Congress was charged with seeking a solution to the
Committee assignments
Jackson was also appointed to the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission in 2003.[18][108] He was among the scholars and politicians adding commentaries to Lincoln in Illinois which was published by the Abraham Lincoln Association and the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library Foundation.[109] The book had been expected in the fall but was published in June 2008.[110]
Health issues, criminal investigation, and resignation
On June 10, 2012, Jackson took a medical leave of absence from the House, citing exhaustion.[111] On July 11, 2012, Jackson's office said he was being treated for a mood disorder at a residential treatment facility. His office denied speculation that he was being treated for alcoholism.[112] On August 13, 2012, it was confirmed by numerous news outlets that Jackson was being treated for bipolar disorder.[113]
Campaign fraud
In October 2012, federal prosecutors and
Jackson and wife Sandi signed plea agreements in early February 2013. Jackson Jr. agreed to plead guilty to charges of fraud, conspiracy, making false statements,
The Justice Department filed the charges on February 15, 2013,[118][119] and Jackson pleaded guilty on February 20, 2013, to one count of wire and mail fraud in connection with his misuse of $750,000 of campaign funds. On June 7, 2013, federal prosecutors indicated that they sought a four-year prison sentence for Jackson.[120] On August 14, 2013, Jackson was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison,[6] while wife Sandi was sentenced to 12 months in prison for filing false tax returns in an attempt to conceal the crimes.[121] Their sentences were not concurrent; Jackson served his, and after his release she served hers. The staggered sentences allowed for the Jackson children to have access to one parent during the time the other was in prison.[122]
Prison and release
On October 26, 2013, Jackson reported to the Federal Correctional Complex in Butner, near Raleigh, North Carolina, to begin serving his sentence.[123]
On March 26, 2015, Jackson was released from the minimum-security
Other political activities
2000 presidential election
Jackson reluctantly supported Al Gore when he became the Democratic presidential nominee, saying Gore and his running mate Joe Lieberman were not liberal enough but that he supported Gore as the only alternative to George W. Bush. Jackson criticized Lieberman and the campaign for emphasizing the importance of personal morality in American politicians.[127] Nevertheless, Jackson indicated he would persuade liberal voters unenthusiastic about Gore to support the Democratic ticket, rather than Green Party nominee Ralph Nader.[128]
Despite his criticism of the Gore campaign, Jackson was still mentioned as a possible appointee for United States Secretary of Education if Gore was elected.[129]
2007 mayoral election
Chicago is the largest American city without mayoral
After more than a decade in the national political spotlight he had maintained an untarnished image, unlike his troubled 2nd district predecessors Mel Reynolds and
There were always doubts about the seriousness of Jackson's interest in the Mayor's office.[132] On November 8, 2006, Jackson reported that he would not pursue a 2007 mayoral campaign in Chicago:
... as you know Democrats are now poised to take control of the Congress for the first time in my eleven-year career. More than any time since I took my initial oath of office, I am excited, I am eager, and I am downright giddy about the prospects of being in Washington. Washington will be the place to be in the next two years, and maybe even the foreseeable future. For me this means an unprecedented opportunity to help lead this country in a new and a better direction and to help serve my constituents, my hometown of Chicago and my state of Illinois. So I will not be a candidate for the mayor of the city of Chicago in 2007.[137]
Support for Barack Obama
Jackson was speculated as a potential candidate for the U.S. Senate in
Jackson was a national co-chairman of Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign.[2] As such, he is involved in garnering support from the superdelegates.[144] During the campaign, he provided the voice for some advertisements such as one South Carolina radio ad in which he said: "Once, South Carolina voted for my father, and sent a strong message to the nation, ... Next year, you can send more than a message. You can launch a president.'"[145] When describing Obama, he stated that "Barack Obama is not speaking as a friend of the community; he's part of the community ... He doesn't always tell people what they want to hear. He tells them what they need to hear.'"[145] During the campaign, he described Obama as the first "successor" of Martin Luther King Jr. to use the thoughtful and careful approach to language to frame social debate in a way that is unlikely to alienate whites and noted his ability to get various factions to agree with him and his political positions.[146][147]
Jackson had a lengthy relationship with Obama. Obama's
On July 6, 2008, Jackson's father said he thought Obama talks down to black people, and unaware he was near a live microphone offhandedly commented that he would like to "cut [Obama's] nuts off". Jackson Junior quickly expressed his outrage at and disappointment in his father's "ugly rhetoric".[152] Jackson's father said he was expressing his disappointment in Obama's Father's Day speech chastisement of Black fathers.[153]
2009 U.S. Senate seat
Jackson emerged as a possible candidate to replace
On November 27, 2008, Blagojevich hinted that Davis might be his choice.
Although Blagojevich's corruption was reported to have been under federal investigation, journalist
In 2009, Jackson was named one of the 15 most corrupt members of Congress by the liberal
In September 2010, fundraiser Nayak was mentioned in the press as having been an alleged go between for Jackson and Blagojevich with the message that Jackson would help Blagojevich raise $6 million in exchange for the Senate appointment.[183] The allegations became the subject of a Congressional ethics investigation.[184]
Author
In December 1999, he co-authored It's About the Money: How You Can Get Out of Debt, Build Wealth, and Achieve Your Financial Dreams.
Personal life
During the 1988 presidential campaign, Jackson met his future wife, Sandi Stevens, who was
Jackson's earliest public controversy came when he was linked to alleged
Jackson acknowledges that he has had the benefits of privilege and opportunity and says that his hobbies include fencing, hunting and fishing, especially salmon fishing.[49][132] He often enjoys these hobbies in bipartisan friendships that include Dick Armey and regarded the late Republican Rep. Henry Hyde as one of his closest friends.[132] In fact, Armey points to Jackson as an example of his ability to work with politicians at all ends of the political spectrum.[202] Jackson also has a very good relationship with Republican United States President George W. Bush despite their sharp ideological differences.[203] The relationship traces back to when Jackson Sr. and United States President-Elect George H. W. Bush met to discuss a range of issues while Jackson Jr. and his siblings Santita and Jonathan had an hour-and-a-half luncheon with future President George W.[204] He also developed a relationship with Bill and Hillary Clinton that enabled him to watch Super Bowl XXXIII at Camp David with them.[205]
In March 2005, Jackson revealed that he had lost 50 pounds (22.7 kg; 3.6 st) due to bariatric surgery. In Ebony, Joe Madison revealed that when he and Jackson were on a panel at the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation conference he asked Jackson why he looked so different. He stated that Jackson described having undergone a duodenal switch medical procedure that his sister, Santita, had used to lose 200 pounds (90.7 kg; 14.3 st) over several years.[206]
Jackson is a member of the
Jackson is a martial arts enthusiast who practices
He used a battery-powered,
On July 12, 2012, Jackson's office acknowledged that he had been absent from Congress since June 10, stating that he was receiving "intensive medical treatment at a residential treatment facility for a
On July 14, 2016, Jackson filed for divorce from his wife in Cook County, Illinois.[218] They reached a settlement in April 2018.[219]
Electoral history
Year | Democrat | Votes | Pct | Republican | Votes | Pct | Other | Votes | Pct |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995[220] | Jesse Jackson Jr. | 43,333 | 74.2% | Thomas Somer | 15,076 | 25.8% | |||
1996[221] |
Jesse Jackson Jr. | 172,648 | 94.1% | Frank Stratman (Libertarian) | 10,880 | 5.9% | |||
1998[222] |
Jesse Jackson Jr. | 148,985 | 89.4% | Robert Gordon III | 16,075 | 9.6% | Matthew Beauchamp (L) | 1,608 | 1.0% |
2000[223] |
Jesse Jackson Jr. | 175,995 | 89.8% | Robert Gordon III | 19,906 | 10.2% | |||
2002[224] |
Jesse Jackson Jr. | 151,443 | 82.3% | Doug Nelson | 32,567 | 17.7% | |||
2004[225] | Jesse Jackson Jr. | 207,535 | 88.5% | Stephanie Sailor (L) | 26,990 | 11.5% | |||
2006[226] | Jesse Jackson Jr. | 146,347 | 84.8% | Robert Belin | 20,395 | 11.8% | Anthony Williams (L) | 5,748 | 3.3% |
2008[227] | Jesse Jackson Jr. | 242,250 | 89.2% | Anthony W. Williams | 29,050 | 10.8% | |||
2010[228] | Jesse Jackson Jr. | 150,666 | 80.5% | Isaac C. Hayes | 25,883 | 13.8% | Anthony W. Williams (Green) | 10,564 | 5.6% |
2012[229] | Jesse Jackson Jr. | 188,303 | 63.3% | Brian Woodworth | 69,115 | 23.2% | Marcus Lewis (Independent) | 40,006 | 13.4% |
Published works
- Jackson, Jesse L. Jr., with Frank E. Watkins, A More Perfect Union: Advancing New American Rights, Welcome Rain Publishers: New York, 2001, ISBN 1-56649-186-X.
See also
- List of African-American United States representatives
- List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes
- List of federal political scandals in the United States
References
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- ^ a b "Illinois House: Jesse Louis Jackson". OnTheIssues.org & the SpeakOut Foundation. Retrieved April 22, 2008.
- ^ Rafferty, Andrew (February 8, 2013). "Former Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr. admits to campaign finance violations". NBC News. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
- ^ Schmidt, Michael S. (February 20, 2013). "Jackson Pleads Guilty to Wire and Mail Fraud". The New York Times. Retrieved February 20, 2013.
- ^ a b "Jesse Jackson Jr. sentenced to 2½ years". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
- ^ Devlin Barrett (August 14, 2013). "Former Rep. Jackson Sentenced to 2½ Years". wsj.com.
- ^ a b Jackson and Watkins, p. 28.
- ^ Jackson and Watkins, p. 31.
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- ^ "The 2004 Elections: Congress; The Races for the House". The New York Times. November 4, 2004. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
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- ^ 2006 results
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- ^ Jesse Jackson Jr. quits Congress, cites health reasons
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{{cite book}}
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External links
- U.S. Congressman Jesse L. Jackson Jr. official U.S. House website
- Jesse Jackson Jr. Congressman official campaign website
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Profile at Vote Smart
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Biography at Answers.com
- Articles
- Interview: Congressman Jesse L. Jackson Jr., Buzzflash, December 30, 2002
- Jackson Jr., Jesse The Right to Vote, The Nation, January 19, 2006