Kublai Khan's campaigns

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Kublai Khan's Campaigns
Part of
Burma, Java
Result
Territorial
changes
  • Upper Burma
    added into the Yuan dynasty
  • Belligerents

    Yuan dynasty

  • Kamakura shogunate
  • Song dynasty
  • Đại Việt under the Trần dynasty
  • Champa
  • Sambyeolcho Rebels
  • Bagan Kingdom
  • Majapahit
  • Commanders and leaders
    Strength Total: 581,000+[citation needed]
    • 450,000 Mongols
    • 100,000 Chinese
    • 40,000 Koreans
    Total: 1,610,000+[citation needed]
    • 1,500,000+ Chinese
    • 120,000+ Japanese
    Casualties and losses Total: 250,000+ dead[citation needed] Total: Over 10,000,000 including Chinese civilians Killed[citation needed]

    Mongol invasion of Champa and putting down the Sambyeolcho Rebellion
    .

    Campaigns against Song dynasty

    Mongol warrior on horseback, preparing a mounted archery shot.

    The campaign for Kublai Khan to conquer southern China under the Southern Song dynasty were specified under the years between 1266 and 1276. This included the declaration of Kublai Khan as the new emperor of China in the year 1271[1] This was the start of the Yuan dynasty that was a rule incorporated with elements of both Han and Mongol influences.[2] After successfully eliminating all resistance to the new Yuan dynasty, Kublai Khan wanted to expand his empire by attacking Japan and built around 300-600 vessels in preparation for the assault on Japan.[1]

    Campaign against Korea

    Campaigns against Japan

    Kublai Khan's armada in 1274 made a tactical mistake by sailing into open seas that became targets for the Japanese cannons. Suffering heavy losses, the remaining fleet retreated and prepared for next assault again on 1281. Again on 1281, the Japanese samurais were more than prepared to hold off an invasion attempt by the Kublai Khan's fleet, and which they did so with great success.[3] Even though the campaign failed in the end due to stiff Japanese resistance, Kublai Khan's campaigns saw the development of gunpowder as a form of weaponry.[4]

    Campaigns against Burma, Java and Vietnam

    Besides the Song dynasty and Japan, Kublai Khan also launched campaigns against

    Upper Burma. However, Yuan invasions of both Java and Vietnam resulted in failure. Nevertheless, both the Trần dynasty (Đại Việt) and Champa
    decided to accept the nominal supremacy of the Yuan dynasty in order to avoid further conflicts.

    References

    1. ^ a b Kallie, Szczepanski. "Mongol Invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281". abouteducation. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
    2. ^ "Kublai Khan". Encyclopedia.com. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
    3. ^ Winters, Harold et al. (2001). Battling the Elements, p. 14., p. 14, at Google Books
    4. . Retrieved 16 April 2013.