Lastovo
Lastovo (pop. 344) | |
Demographics | |
---|---|
Population | 792 (2011) |
Pop. density | 16.9/km2 (43.8/sq mi) |
Ethnic groups | 93% Croats |
Lastovo (pronounced
Lastovo, like the rest of the
The island is noted for its 15th- and 16th-century Venetian architecture. There is a large number of churches of relatively small size, a testament to the island's long-standing
Geography
The island of Lastovo belongs to the central Dalmatian archipelago. Thirteen kilometres (8.1 miles) south of Korčula, the island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the Adriatic Sea. Other islands in this group include Vis, Brač, Hvar, Korčula and Mljet. The dimensions of the island are approximately 9.8 kilometres (6.1 miles) long by up to 5.8 kilometres (3.6 miles) wide.[2]
The Lastovo archipelago contains a total of 46 islands, including the larger islands
]The town of Lastovo is spread over the steep banks of a natural amphitheatre overlooking a fertile field, facing away from the sea. This is unusual compared to other Adriatic islands, which are normally harbour side. Other settlements on the island include the villages of
]Despite major fires in 1971, 1998 and 2003,
Landscape and coastline
Lastovo has a dynamic landscape consisting of 46 hills and 46 karstic fields that often contain layers of red soil and quartz sand. The highest points are on Mount Hum, the eponymous Hum and Plešivo Brdo, both at 415 m (1,362 ft).[10]
There are several other peaks higher than 200 m (660 ft), including the scenic Sozanj at 231 m (758 ft).
Climate
Lastovo possesses all the basic characteristics of the Mediterranean climate, dominated by mild, moist winters and warm, long, and dry summers.[14] The island receives around 2,700 sun hours per year, ranking it one of the sunniest in the Adriatic and pleasant for tourists.[14] This produces a water temperature around 27 °C (81 °F) in summer.[citation needed] Annual rainfall is 622 millimetres (24.5 in).[14] Since there are no permanent surface water streams,[14] residents rely on bores, dams and wells.
History
Prehistory and antiquity
The island was first mentioned by 6th century
The first traces of human presence on the island were found in the Rača cave where continuous evidence of habitation reaches as far as the late
When the Romans conquered the province of Dalmatia they too settled Lastovo. The Romans named the island Augusta Insula. The Romans left traces of their long rule on the island, in the form of the so-called
Middle Ages
With the arrival of the
Republic of Ragusa
Later in the 13th century the people of Lastovo voluntarily joined the Republic of Ragusa in 1252 after the republic promised that it would honour Lastovo's internal autonomy. This agreement was codified in the Ragusa Statute written in 1272.[17] However, Ragusa purchased Lastovo from Stefan Uroš I king of Serbia who had rights over the island as ruler of parts of Hum.[18] In 1310 Lastovo got its first written legislation, the Statute of Lastovo, which had all the characteristics of law. The supreme authority on the island had a council consisting of 20 members who held office for life.[19] In 1486 the authority of the Council was transferred to the Parliament of the Republic and the island lost much of its autonomy. Continuous limitation of the island's autonomy and higher taxes led to a short lived rebellion in 1602. On the appeal of islanders, Venice occupied the island the following year and held it until 1606, when it was returned to Ragusa. The next attempt at rebellion was in 1652, which resulted in the loss of the island's autonomy.[12]
During the
19th century
In 1806 the French took control of the
20th century
This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2009) |
During World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Army established a military garrison on Glavica consisting mostly of Hungarian troops. The authorities ordered blackouts and forbade the ringing of church bells during the war. At the end of 1917, four French planes bombed Lastovo. Some French troops landed on the island to reconnoiter it. Italian forces soon followed and clashed with the garrison. Some members of the Austro-Hungarian garrison escaped. The Italians took those they caught to Italy as prisoners of war. A French plane dropping leaflets on the island on 4 November brought the news that the war was finally over. On 11 November 1918 Italian troops took possession of the island based on the 1915 Secret Treaty of London, which allocated much of Dalmatia to Italy upon Italy entering the war on the side of the Triple Alliance. The Italians based their claim upon the presence of ethnic Italians in all parts of maritime Dalmatia. However, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, who was a supporter of the nationality principle, blocked the allocation.[citation needed]
As a consequence, under the
In 1941, the
After World War II, Lastovo experienced the same fate as the neighbouring island Vis. The island became a military region barred to foreign nationals. The barring of foreign nationals led to economic stagnation and the depopulation of the island.[citation needed] In 1988, the ban was lifted and foreign tourists were again allowed to visit the island.[citation needed] Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, but the Yugoslav People's Army only left its bases on Lastovo, one of its last footholds in Croatia, in July 1992. The war in Croatia ended in 1995. Lastovo escaped much of the devastation that swept across some parts of Croatia and most of neighbouring Bosnia.[citation needed]
Demographics
Settlement/Year | 1971 | 1981 | 1991[Notes 1] | 2001 | 2011[3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glavat | 7 |
3 |
9 |
— |
—
|
Lastovo | 987 |
643 |
734 |
451 |
350
|
Pasadur | — |
— |
79 |
77 |
100
|
Skrivena Luka | 12 |
18 |
20 |
18 |
33
|
Sušac | 6 |
8 |
7 |
— |
—
|
Uble | 198 |
290 |
303 |
218 |
222
|
Zaklopatica | — |
— |
69 |
71 |
87
|
TOTAL | 1210 |
962 |
1221 |
835 |
792
|
According to the 2011 census, the municipality of Lastovo has a population of 792 people living in 286 households, including 350 people living in
The average age of the people of the Lastovo municipality was 40 years old, slightly older than the national average of 39 years old. About 90% of the people of the Lastovo municipality are Roman Catholics[22] and 95% are Croats.[23] The highest level of education for 44% of the municipality was secondary school, for 13% it was college or university.[24]
The island's population peaked at 1,738, in 1948, and has been in a steady decline since, due chiefly to emigration to mainland Croatia and abroad.[25] The number of people who emigrated from the island between 1953 and 1991 exceeds its current population.[26]
Economy
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Like many of the Mediterranean islands, the Lastovo economy is centred around agriculture and tourism. The 2003 Agricultural Census reported that the municipality had 57 ha (140 acres) of land used for agriculture. Of this 25 ha (62 acres) were vineyards[27] and over 9000 olive trees grew in Lastovo.[28] Following decades of isolation from foreigners, due to the Yugoslav People's Army activities and the Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995), the island has become attractive to tourists partly because it has remained largely undeveloped; even supplying the island with fresh water has been difficult.[29]
Culture
Poklad
The most important event on the island is an authentic carnival that the locals call the
Churches
The main church is the Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian (Crkva sv. Kuzme i Damjana). It is situated in the oldest part of the square in the town of Lastovo and dates from the 14th century. On the main altar is the painting of Saint Cosmas and Damian. Out of the rest of the paintings Pieta, the work of an anonymous Venetian painter from 1545, can be distinguished. On its place there was a smaller church that dates back from 5th or 6th century. The church of Sv Vlaho (Saint Blaise) from the 12th century is on the entrance of the settlement. Beside it the chapel of Saint John was built in 1607, and around the church a defence wall and a tower.[citation needed]
On the graveyard on the southern edge is the little church of
Architecture
The town's buildings date mainly from the 15th and 16th centuries when the construction of about 20 Renaissance houses redefined the village's appearance. Most of them have high broad terraces which have become the "trade mark" look of Lastovo houses. Their unusual cylindrical chimneys that the locals call fumari are picturesque and unusual since they look like miniature minarets, although there is no record of Arab or Turkish influence ever directly reaching this area. The ornate chimney on the 16th century Biza Antica house is probably the oldest preserved chimney in Dalmatia. The Struga lighthouse built in 1839 on Lastovo's southern tip near Skrivena Luka is one of the oldest lighthouses in Croatia.[12]
Language
Inhabitants speak the
Before the year 1000 AD the population of the island (then called "Lagosta") was mainly made by romanised Dalmatians of the
For many centuries the only religion on the island has been
Notable people
This section is in prose. is available. (December 2012) |
- Dante's Divine Comedy. His works were considered among the best examples of printing of his time. He died in Treviso in 1528.[31]
- Tony Šantić is the owner of the racehorse Makybe Diva, a three-time winner of the Melbourne Cup, Australia's most prestigious horse race. Tony Šantić is also a successful tuna fisherman with large operations in South Australia and Croatia.
See also
- Timeline of Croatian history
- Timeline of the Republic of Venice
- Battle of Lastovo (1000)
Notes
- ^ The 1991 Census figures included 234 people who no longer lived in the Lastovo municipality.
References
- ^ ISSN 1333-3305. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
- ^ OCLC 16890326.
- ^ a b c "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Lastovo". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
- ^ Duplančić Leder, Tea; Ujević, Tin; Čala, Mendi (June 2004). "Coastline lengths and areas of islands in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea determined from the topographic maps at the scale of 1 : 25 000" (PDF). Geoadria. 9 (1). . Retrieved 2019-12-10.
- ^ Lastovo Municipality Spatial Plan – Exposition of the Plan, p. 4
- ^ "Lastovsko otočje – 11. hrvatski park prirode". www.lastovo.org (in Croatian). Park prirode Lastovo. Retrieved 2009-05-12.
- ^ Nautical Tourism Development in the Lastovo Islands Nature Park, p. 8
- ^ Horvat, Manda; Mutak, Katica (January 2006). "Architecture of the Island of Lastovo" (PDF). Ethnological Researches. 1 (11): 327–334. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
- ^ "Free from poisonous snakes". lastovo.org. Lastovo Nature Park. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
- ISSN 0354-0650. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ "Lastovo – vrh Sozanj". plsavez.hr (in Croatian). Croatian Mountaineering Association. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
- ^ ISBN 953-97232-3-X.
- ^ Lastovo Municipality Spatial Plan – Exposition of the Plan, p. 9
- ^ a b c d Lastovo Municipality Spatial Plan – Exposition of the Plan, p. 7
- ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, L405.16
- ^ Constantine VII (c. 950). De Administrando Imperio.
- ^ Lucijanović, Marin (1954). Lastovo u sklopu Dubrovačke republike (in Croatian).
- ^ Dubrovnik:A History by Robin Harris, chapter "Territorial expansion"
- ^ Vekarić, Nenad. "Lastovci u Lastovskom statutu" [The Population of Lastovo in the Lastovo Statute] (PDF). Anali Zavoda Za Povijesne Znanosti Hrvatske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti U Dubrovniku (in Croatian). Retrieved 7 March 2011.
- ^ Liepopili, Ante (1918). "Vukodlaci" (in Croatian). Zbornik za narodni život i običaje Južnih Slavena, vol. 23, p289
- ^ Nautical Tourism Development in the Lastovo Islands Nature Park, p. 6
- ^ "Population by Religion, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census: County of Dubrovnik-Neretva". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
- ^ "Population by Ethnicity, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census: County of Dubrovnik-Neretva". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
- ^ "Population aged 15 and over, by sex and educational attainment, by towns/municipalities, Census 2001". Census 2001. Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ Lastovo Municipality Spatial Plan – Exposition of the Plan, p. 25
- ^ Lastovo Municipality Spatial Plan – Exposition of the Plan, p. 26
- ^ "Areas under vineyards and number of grape-vines (1 June 2003)". Agricultural Census 2003. Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
- ^ "Number of trees and surface area of olive plantations (1 June 2003)". Agricultural Census 2003. Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
- ^ Glamuzina, Martin; Glamuzina, Nikola; Mamut, Marica (2002). "The Water Supply of the Middle Dalmatian Islands (Croatia) – Regional Water Supply-System Neretva-Pelješac-Korčula-Lastovo-Mljet" (PDF). Littoral 2002, the Changing Coast: 145–148. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
- ^ "Lastovo – Carnival Island". Adriatica.net. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2011. Permission was granted by the website to publish the text under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
- ISBN 86-329-0017-X.)
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Sources
- Urbanistički institut Hrvatske (January 2010). "Prostorni plan uređenja Općine Lastovo – obrazloženje plana" [Lastovo Municipality Spatial Plan – Exposition of the Plan] (PDF) (in Croatian). Dubrovnik-Neretva County. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- Jakl, Z.; Bitunjac, I.; Medunić-Orlić, G. (December 2009). "Nautical Tourism Development in the Lastovo Islands Nature Park" (PDF). European Commission. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
Further reading
- An Overview of Prehistoric and Early Historic Settlement, Topography, and Maritime Connections on Lastovo Island, Croatia
- Prilike na otoku Lastovu u XIX. stoljeću (in Croatian)
- Jubilej otočne mudrosti (in Croatian)
- From Ritual to Theatre and Back: the Lastovo Island Carnival (PDF)
- Archaeological Investigations on the Island of Lastovo, Croatia: Preliminary Report
- Cvitanić, Antun; Lučić, Josip (1994). Lastovski statut (in Croatian). ISBN 953-163-003-8.