Lincoln County, Arkansas
Lincoln County | |
---|---|
UTC−5 (CDT) | |
Congressional district | 1st |
Website | lincolncounty |
Lincoln County is located between the
Lincoln County occupies 572.17 square miles (148,190 ha) and contained a population of 12,941 as of the
Lincoln County is served by two school districts,
History
The county was established in 1871 during the Reconstruction era by the
County government was first permanently established in Star City. The county had a second county seat at Varner from 1885 to 1912.[4]
Geography
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cane_Creek_State_Park_011.jpg/220px-Cane_Creek_State_Park_011.jpg)
Lincoln County's geography is defined by two physiographic regions of Arkansas: the Arkansas Timberlands and the Arkansas Delta (in Arkansas, usually referred to as "the Delta"). These two regions are separated by Bayou Bartholomew, the world's longest bayou, which approximately splits the county into eastern and western halves with significant differences in geography.[5] In the east, the Arkansas Delta is a subregion of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, which is a flat area consisting of rich, fertile sediment deposits from the Mississippi River between Louisiana and Illinois.[4] The western half is part of the Arkansas Timberlands, a portion of the Gulf Coastal Plain characterized by flat pine and cypress forests and silviculture rather than row agriculture. The county is the eighth-smallest in Arkansas, with a total area of 572.17 square miles (1,481.9 km2), of which 561.20 square miles (1,453.5 km2) is land and 10.97 square miles (28.4 km2) (1.9%) is water.[2]
The county is located approximately 68 miles (109 km) southeast of Little Rock, 170 miles (270 km) southwest of Memphis, Tennessee, and 200 miles (320 km) northwest of Jackson, Mississippi.[Note 1] Lincoln County is surrounded by two Delta counties to the east, Arkansas County and Desha County, and a Timberlands county to the west, Cleveland County. Jefferson County to the north and Drew County are border counties similar to Lincoln County, with Bayou Bartholomew delineating a similarly split geography.
Protected areas
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cane_Creek_State_Park_015.jpg/220px-Cane_Creek_State_Park_015.jpg)
Lincoln County contains two protected areas.
Huff's Island Public Use Area is located on the Arkansas River in northeastern Lincoln County. Managed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, the park does not have a boat ramp or camping, but offers day use, river bank access from March–September, and four picnic sites.[9]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1880 | 9,255 | — | |
1890 | 10,255 | 10.8% | |
1900 | 13,389 | 30.6% | |
1910 | 15,118 | 12.9% | |
1920 | 18,774 | 24.2% | |
1930 | 20,250 | 7.9% | |
1940 | 19,709 | −2.7% | |
1950 | 17,079 | −13.3% | |
1960 | 14,447 | −15.4% | |
1970 | 12,913 | −10.6% | |
1980 | 13,369 | 3.5% | |
1990 | 13,690 | 2.4% | |
2000 | 14,492 | 5.9% | |
2010 | 14,134 | −2.5% | |
2020 | 12,941 | −8.4% | |
2023 (est.) | 12,898 | [10] | −0.3% |
U.S. Decennial Census[11] 1790–1960[12] 1900–1990[13] 1990–2000[14] 2010[15] |
2020 census
Race | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
White (non-Hispanic)
|
8,188 | 63.27% |
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)
|
3,650 | 28.2% |
Native American
|
27 | 0.21% |
Asian
|
23 | 0.18% |
Pacific Islander
|
9 | 0.07% |
Other/Mixed
|
425 | 3.28% |
Latino
|
619 | 4.78% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 12,941 people, 3,773 households, and 2,711 families residing in the county.
2000 census
As of the
There were 4,265 households, out of which 34.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.30% were married couples living together, 14.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.60% were non-families. 23.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.20% under the age of 18, 12.40% from 18 to 24, 33.20% from 25 to 44, 20.40% from 45 to 64, and 11.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 142.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 154.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $29,607, and the median income for a family was $35,408. Males had a median income of $28,890 versus $19,990 for females. The
Economy
The
Human resources
Education
Educational attainment in Lincoln County is typical for a rural Arkansas county, with a 2012 study finding 78.4% of Lincoln County residents over age 25 held a high school degree or higher and 8.9% holding a bachelor's degree or higher. The Lincoln County rates are below Arkansas averages of 84.8% and 21.1%, and significantly below national averages of 86.7% and 29.8%, respectively.[18]
Primary and secondary education
One public school district is based in Lincoln County; the
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Star_City_High_School.jpg/220px-Star_City_High_School.jpg)
The school districts at
Higher education
Lincoln County does not contain any institutions of higher education. The three nearest institutions in the region are University of Arkansas at Monticello to the south and Southeast Arkansas College (SEARK) and University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff in Pine Bluff to the north, all public four-year colleges.
Library system
The Star City Branch Library in downtown Star City is a member library of the Southeast Arkansas Regional Library system. The location offers books,
Public health
Lincoln County's above-average poverty rate[Note 4] suggests a high Medicaid eligibility rate. As of 2012, 25.6% of Lincoln County was eligible for Medicaid, with 62.8% of children under 19 eligible for ARKids First, a program by the Arkansas Department of Human Services that combines children's Medicaid (ARKids A) and other programs for families with higher incomes (ARKids B).[24] These values are more in line with statewide averages[Note 5] than typical values for rural Arkansas counties.[Note 6]
The county's population is significantly above healthy weight, with 69.8% of adults and 43.5% of children/adolescents ranking as overweight or obese, above the state averages of 67.1% and 39.3%,[25] themselves significantly above national averages of 62.9% and 30.3%, respectively.[26]
The
Public safety
The Lincoln County Sheriff's Office is the primary law enforcement agency in the county. The agency is led by the Lincoln County Sheriff, an official elected by countywide vote every four years.
The county is under the jurisdiction of the Lincoln County District Court, a state district court.[28] State district courts in Arkansas are courts of original jurisdiction for criminal, civil (up to $25,000), small claims, and traffic matters.[29] State district courts are presided over by a full-time District Judge elected to a four-year term by a districtwide election. The district is subdivided into the Star City (city), Star City (county), Gould, and Grady departments. All departments of Lincoln County District Court are located at 300 South Drew, and are presided over by one District Judge, who is elected in a countywide election.[28] Superseding district court jurisdiction is the 11th West Judicial Circuit Court, which covers Jefferson and Lincoln counties. The 11th West Circuit contains six circuit judges, elected to six-year terms circuitwide.[30]
State prisons
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/CumminsUnitSignArk.jpg/220px-CumminsUnitSignArk.jpg)
The
Government
The county government is a constitutional body granted specific powers by the Constitution of Arkansas and the Arkansas Code. The quorum court is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all spending and revenue collection. Representatives are called justices of the peace and are elected from county districts every even-numbered year. The number of districts in a county vary from nine to fifteen, and district boundaries are drawn by the county election commission. The Lincoln County Quorum Court has nine members. Presiding over quorum court meetings is the county judge, who serves as the chief operating officer of the county. The county judge is elected at-large and does not vote in quorum court business, although capable of vetoing quorum court decisions.[35][36]
Politics
Lincoln County historically followed the
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 2,729 | 70.43% | 1,032 | 26.63% | 114 | 2.94% |
2016 | 2,455 | 64.17% | 1,252 | 32.72% | 119 | 3.11% |
2012 | 2,199 | 59.02% | 1,425 | 38.24% | 102 | 2.74% |
2008 | 2,513 | 57.04% | 1,710 | 38.81% | 183 | 4.15% |
2004 | 1,921 | 46.75% | 2,149 | 52.30% | 39 | 0.95% |
2000 | 1,526 | 43.03% | 1,957 | 55.19% | 63 | 1.78% |
1996 | 907 | 24.73% | 2,517 | 68.62% | 244 | 6.65% |
1992 | 1,142 | 26.27% | 2,805 | 64.53% | 400 | 9.20% |
1988 | 1,557 | 41.04% | 2,204 | 58.09% | 33 | 0.87% |
1984 | 1,860 | 43.54% | 2,406 | 56.32% | 6 | 0.14% |
1980 | 1,243 | 32.29% | 2,517 | 65.39% | 89 | 2.31% |
1976 | 699 | 18.67% | 3,045 | 81.33% | 0 | 0.00% |
1972 | 2,318 | 67.52% | 1,115 | 32.48% | 0 | 0.00% |
1968 | 488 | 12.91% | 1,209 | 31.98% | 2,084 | 55.12% |
1964 | 1,410 | 36.32% | 2,468 | 63.58% | 4 | 0.10% |
1960 | 626 | 23.66% | 1,780 | 67.27% | 240 | 9.07% |
1956 | 767 | 31.89% | 1,616 | 67.19% | 22 | 0.91% |
1952 | 595 | 24.07% | 1,871 | 75.69% | 6 | 0.24% |
1948 | 378 | 22.49% | 1,108 | 65.91% | 195 | 11.60% |
1944 | 141 | 12.00% | 1,034 | 88.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
1940 | 99 | 9.66% | 916 | 89.37% | 10 | 0.98% |
1936 | 39 | 4.10% | 913 | 95.90% | 0 | 0.00% |
1932 | 49 | 3.63% | 1,301 | 96.30% | 1 | 0.07% |
1928 | 151 | 14.79% | 869 | 85.11% | 1 | 0.10% |
1924 | 170 | 23.04% | 563 | 76.29% | 5 | 0.68% |
1920 | 988 | 52.41% | 888 | 47.11% | 9 | 0.48% |
1916 | 477 | 34.92% | 889 | 65.08% | 0 | 0.00% |
1912 | 292 | 31.74% | 390 | 42.39% | 238 | 25.87% |
1908 | 159 | 27.37% | 389 | 66.95% | 33 | 5.68% |
1904 | 352 | 37.81% | 544 | 58.43% | 35 | 3.76% |
1900 | 392 | 32.64% | 794 | 66.11% | 15 | 1.25% |
1896 | 236 | 18.66% | 1,026 | 81.11% | 3 | 0.24% |
In
In the
In the
Taxation
Property tax is assessed by the Lincoln County Assessor annually based upon the fair market value of the property and determining which tax rate, commonly called a millage in Arkansas, will apply. The rate depends upon the property's location with respect to city limits, school district, and special tax increment financing (TIF) districts. This tax is collected by the Lincoln County Collector between the first business day of March of each year through October 15 without penalty. The Lincoln County Treasurer disburses tax revenues to various government agencies, such as cities, county road departments, fire departments, libraries, and police departments in accordance with the budget set by the quorum court.
Communities
Cities
Lincoln County has 46 unincorporated communities and ghost towns within its borders. This is due to early settlers in Arkansas tending to settle in small clusters rather than incorporated towns. For example, communities like Varner had a post office and dozens of buildings at some point in their history. Other communities are simply a few dwellings at a crossroads that have adopted a common place name over time. Some are officially listed as populated places by the United States Geological Survey, and others are listed as historic settlements.
Unincorporated communities
Historical communities
Townships
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Lincoln_County_Arkansas_2010_Township_Map_large.jpg/220px-Lincoln_County_Arkansas_2010_Township_Map_large.jpg)
Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the United States census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions"). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. The townships of Lincoln County are listed below; listed in parentheses are the cities, towns, and/or census-designated places that are fully or partially inside the township. [40][41]
- Auburn
- Bartholomew
- Cane Creek (contains Star City)
- Choctaw (contains Grady)
- Gould (contains Gould)
- Kimbrough
- Lone Pine
- Mill Creek
- Owen
- Smith
- Spring
- Wells Bayou
Source:[42]
Infrastructure
Aviation
Lincoln County contains one public owned/public use general aviation airport, Star City Municipal Airport. For the twelve-month period ending February 28, 2014, the facility saw 5,400 general aviation operations.[43] The nearest commercial service airport is Clinton National Airport in Little Rock.
Major highways
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/US_65_outside_Grady%2C_Arkansas.jpg/220px-US_65_outside_Grady%2C_Arkansas.jpg)
The most heavily traveled highway in Lincoln County is
Eleven state highways serve the traveling public in the county, varying from short connector routes to long highways traversing the entire county.
Utilities
Water
The Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) is responsible for the regulation and oversight of public water systems throughout the state. Six community water systems are based in Lincoln County: Yorktown Water Association, Arkansas Department of Corrections - Cummins Unit, Star City Water, Gould Municipal Water/Sewer, Grady Waterworks, and the Garrett Bridge Water Association. All of these utilities use the Sparta Sand Aquifer for source water.[Note 7][47][48][49][50][51] Small, rural parts of the county are served by the Highway 63 Water Association and the Ladd Water Association.[52]
Yorktown Water Association has the largest retail population, with 8,169 total retail population, mostly within Lincoln County. ADC Cummins Unit has a retail population of 3,800, followed by Star City with 2,842, Gould with 1,041, and all others under 1,000 retail population served.[53]
Wastewater
The
See also
- List of lakes in Lincoln County, Arkansas
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Lincoln County, Arkansas
Notes
- ^ Mileages from Lincoln County to Little Rock, Memphis, and Jackson are based on highway miles using county seat Star City for Lincoln County.[6]
- ^ "The Arkansas Department of Correction is one of the major employers in Lincoln County, with the Cummins and Varner units both located outside of Grady."[4]
- ^ Act 60 of the Second Extraordinary Session of 2003.[21]
- ^ Lincoln County's poverty rate was 32.9%, comparing to 22.4% for Arkansas's rural areas, and a 19.6% statewide average.[23]
- ^ Statewide averages were 27.8% and 59.1% for Medicaid eligibility and ARKids eligibility, respectively.[23]
- ^ Arkansas rural county averages were 31.3% and 66.3% for Medicaid eligibility and ARKids eligibility, respectively.[23]
- ^ Though Garrett Bridge purchases water wholesale from Dumas, whose source is the Sparta Sand Aquifer.[46]
References
- ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 187.
- ^ U.S. Department of Transportation (October 16, 2014). Arkansas County Polygons(SHP file) (Map). Arkansas GIS Office. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
- ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Lincoln County, Arkansas". Retrieved January 20, 2023.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at the Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
- ^ a b Transportation Planning and Policy Division (August 28, 2015). General Highway Map, Lincoln County, Arkansas (PDF) (Map). 1:62500. Little Rock: Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 22, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
{{cite map}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) - ^ "Google Maps (Search for Star City, AR)". Retrieved August 22, 2017.
- ^ "ADPT" (2017), p. 9, 145.
- ^ "ADPT" (2017), p. 9.
- ^ "ADPT" (2017), p. 29.
- ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
- ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
- ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
- ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- ^ "American Community Survey". United States Census Bureau. 2011–2015. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 20, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2022. - Text list - The 2010 map (text list) indicated a portion was served by the DeWitt School District, but that section shown as being in DeWitt and in Lincoln County in the 2010 map is shown as being in DeWitt and in Jefferson County in the 2020 map.
- ^ "Dumas School District". Institution Summary (Executive Summary). AdvancED. December 22, 2015. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at the Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
- Arkansas News. May 11, 2005. Archived from the originalon July 7, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
- ^ a b c "Profile" (2015), pp. 54–55.
- ^ "Profile" (2015), p. 55.
- ^ "Profile" (2015), pp. 56–57.
- ^ "Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity: Data, Trends and Maps". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- ^ "Designated Trauma Centers". Arkansas Department of Health. June 7, 2016. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- ^ a b "Directory" (2017), p. 45.
- ^ Staff of the Arkansas Judiciary (September 2, 2014). "Arkansas Court Structure" (PDF). Arkansas Judiciary. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 23, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- ^ "Directory" (2017), p. 25.
- Arkansas Department of Correction. Retrieved on July 18, 2010. "28 miles south of Pine Bluff off Highway 65 in Lincoln County."
- Arkansas Department of Correction. Retrieved on August 15, 2010.
- Worcester Telegram. Wednesday September 29, 2010. Retrieved on March 5, 2011. "Damien Echols is interviewed in the visiting area of the Arkansas Department of Correction Varner Unit prison in Varner,"
- ^ "Arkansas killer plans no more appeals He is to die Wednesday in '84 death of trooper." Associated Press at The Dallas Morning News. April 18, 1995. Retrieved on March 5, 2011. "[...] and he was transferred to the death watch cell at the Cummins Unit near Varner."
- Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at the Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
- Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at the Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
- ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". Retrieved November 18, 2016.
- ^ "State Senate District Map" (PDF). Arkansas Board of Apportionment. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ^ "State House District Map" (PDF). Arkansas Board of Apportionment. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ^ 2011 Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS): Lincoln County, AR (PDF) (Map). U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ "Arkansas: 2010 Census Block Maps - County Subdivision". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
- ^
"Summary Population and Housing Characteristics, CPH-1-5, Arkansas" (PDF). 2010 Census of Population and Housing. United States Census Bureau. September 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
{{cite web}}
: External link in
(help)|work=
- . Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- ^ System Research and Information Division, AHTD (2016). Daily Traffic Estimates (PDF) (Map). Little Rock, Arkansas: Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
- ^ "New State Highway 530 opens". Pine Bluff Commercial. September 12, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
- ^ "Garrett Bridge Water Association Annual Drinking Water Quality Report" (PDF). Consumer Confidence Report. Little Rock: Arkansas Department of Health. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
- ^ "ADC Cummins Unit Annual Drinking Water Quality Report" (PDF). Consumer Confidence Report. Little Rock: Arkansas Department of Health. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 27, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
- ^ "Gould Municipal Water & Sewer Annual Drinking Water Quality Report" (PDF). Consumer Confidence Report. Little Rock: Arkansas Department of Health. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
- ^ "Grady Waterworks Annual Drinking Water Quality Report" (PDF). Consumer Confidence Report. Little Rock: Arkansas Department of Health. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 26, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
- ^ "Star City Water Company Annual Drinking Water Quality Report" (PDF). Consumer Confidence Report. Little Rock: Arkansas Department of Health. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 27, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
- ^ "Yorktown Water Association Annual Drinking Water Quality Report" (PDF). Consumer Confidence Report. Little Rock: Arkansas Department of Health. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
- ^ "Public Water Systems" (GIS Dataset). Arkansas Department of Health. Arkansas GIS Office. January 5, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
- ^ "Community Water System Data". Little Rock: Arkansas Department of Health, Engineering Section. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
- Staff of the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism (2017). Arkansas Adventure Guide. Little Rock, Arkansas: Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism.
- Staff of the Arkansas Judiciary (July 20, 2017). "Arkansas Judicial Directory" (PDF). Little Rock: Arkansas Judiciary. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 4, 2015. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- Staff of the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Research and Extension (2015). "Rural Profile of Arkansas" (PDF). Little Rock: University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Services. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 18, 2015. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
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