Interstate 69
NAFTA Superhighway | |
Route information | |
Length | 879.822 mi (1,415.936 km) Original length 355.8 miles (572.6 km)[1] |
Existed | 1957–present |
History |
|
NHS | Entire route |
Major junctions | |
South end | US 59 in Rosenberg, TX |
| |
East end | Highway 402 at Canada–US border on Blue Water Bridge in Port Huron, MI |
Location | |
Country | United States |
States | Texas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, Michigan |
Highway system | |
Interstate 69 (I-69) is an
The proposed extension evolved from the combination of Corridors 18 and 20 of the
In August 2007, I-69 was selected by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) as one of six Corridors of the Future, making it eligible for additional federal funding and streamlined planning and review.[2] This funding has since been withheld, causing some states to suspend completion of the entire route until federal funding is restored. There is no estimated timeline for completion of the entire I-69 route.
Route description
I-69 currently exists as a number of distinct segments, mostly corresponding to defined sections of independent utility (SIUs):
- The original (with later additions), fully completed route from Indianapolis, Indiana, to the Blue Water Bridge at Port Huron, Michigan (SIU 1);
- Portions of the Indianapolis beltway (I-465), though not currently signed as such (SIU 2);
- A 137-mile (220 km) section including both the former I-164 near Evansville, Indiana, north from a temporary end at US 41; signed as I-69 in 2014 (SIU 4) to I-64, and onward north to State Road 37 (SR 37) near Martinsville, Indiana, Sections 1–5 of (SIU 3);
- The upgraded portions of the Kentucky Parkway System: Purchase, Western Kentucky, and Pennyrile parkways; in addition to a portion of I-24(SIU 5) and (SIU 6);
- A 42-mile (68 km) section from Tunica Resorts, Mississippi, to the I-40/I-69/State Route 300 (SR 300) interchange in Memphis, Tennessee, part of (SIU 9) and (SIU 10);
- The existing US 59 freeway from Rosenberg, Texas, to Cleveland, Texas, (SIU 19);
- A 7.8-mile (12.6 km) segment of US 77 from south of State Highway 44 (SH 44) to I-37 near Corpus Christi, Texas, (SIU 22), designated as I-69 in August 2011 and redesignated as I-69E on May 30, 2013;[3]
- An 18-mile (29 km) section of US 281 from I-2 in Pharr, Texas, to Edinburg, Texas, designated as I-69C on May 30, 2013;[3]
- A 58.9-mile (94.8 km) section of US 77 (and part of US 83) from the Veterans International Bridge at Brownsville, Texas, to north of Raymondville, Texas, designated as I-69E on May 30, 2013 (SIU 23);[3][4] and
- A 1.4-mile (2.3 km) section of both US 59 and State Highway Loop 20 (Loop 20) in Laredo, Texas, between the World Trade International Bridge and I-35, designated as I-69W on June 17, 2014.
mi | km
| |
---|---|---|
TX | 172.200 | 277.129 |
LA | ||
AR | ||
MS | 21.393 | 34.429 |
TN | 21.000 | 33.796 |
KY | 148.090 | 238.328 |
IN | 314.822 | 506.657 |
MI | 202.317 | 325.598 |
Total | 879.822 | 1,415.936 |
The original portion of I-69 in Indiana (SIU 1 of the overall national plan) starts at an interchange with
I-69 in Michigan runs north passing through
The new section of I-69 in southern Indiana presently begins at the US 41 interchange south of Evansville at the former southern terminus of I-164. From there, it runs first east, then north, meeting SR 662, SR 66, and SR 62. At exit 18, SR 57 joins I-69 on a concurrency. Shortly thereafter, it meets I-64 at a cloverleaf interchange. From there, it runs north to SR 68. Construction was completed on November 19, 2012, on a 67-mile (108 km) segment (SIU 3, Sections 1–3). This extension takes the route north-northeast from there to SR 64 near Oakland City, then north-northeast to US 50/US 150 at Washington, and finally northeast to US 231 near Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division (NSWC Crane Division). Construction for the final new terrain segment (SIU 3, Section 4), which takes I-69 from NSWC Crane Division northeast to SR 37 on the southwest side of Bloomington, was completed in December 2015 and was extended north to Martinsville in late 2018 (Section 5).[5] Section 6 (Martinsville to Indianapolis) of I-69's SIU 3 is currently being upgraded to full Interstate Highway standards all the way north-northeast to I-465 on the southwest side of Indianapolis.
The new I-69 in Mississippi and Tennessee starts at an at-grade intersection with the former route of Mississippi Highway 304 (MS 304) in Banks, Tunica County, Mississippi. It continues roughly north-northeast, crossing into DeSoto County to a partial interchange with the current route of MS 304, then runs easterly to an interchange with I-55 in northern Hernando. It then continues north, overlapping I-55 to the Tennessee state line, and continues northward concurrently with I-55 to the south side of Memphis. It then follows I-240 northward through downtown before joining I-40. Presently, the northern end of this section of I-69 is at the I-40/I-69/SR 300 interchange on the north side of Memphis. This portion of the route was the first SIU of the proposed extension to be signed as part of the national I-69 route, and the first portion designed as part of the extension.
Planned and delayed extensions
Past progress
On June 6, 2008, President
As of 2015[update], SIU 1 (all of original I-69 north of Indianapolis, plus the
Progress delays
While federal legislation established a mandate to extend I-69 from Indiana to Texas, it did not provide funding for its construction. I-69 construction must compete against other projects for traditional funding. Despite the approval of several segments, work has been completed on only a few scattered segments due in part to increasing costs for construction materials and machinery. As a result, several states have indicated that construction of I-69 may not be possible without the use of tolls as the primary means to finance building the highway. Tennessee, Arkansas, and Mississippi passed legislation authorizing toll roads within each state but have not applied tolling to their sections of I-69 due to the widespread unpopularity of toll roads in these states. A bridge over the Ohio River, which was to have been built along I-69 to connect Indiana with Kentucky, stalled in 2004 because each state did not have enough funding for it. In 2016, both states reached an agreement to restart environmental studies and develop a funding strategy for the Ohio River crossing; more funding has allowed for design and construction work to begin since that time. Mississippi has suspended work on I-69 indefinitely due to a lack of funding to build the highway outside of the Memphis metropolitan area. Arkansas has halted work on its mainline portion of I-69, aside from the Monticello Bypass, although it has applied for a federal grant to complete design and construction for the 25-mile (40 km) section between Monticello and McGehee. Phase 1 started construction in December 2022. As of 2023[update], no portion of I-69 in Louisiana has been built nor has any construction started.
Current progress and plans
Texas, Kentucky, and Indiana have been slowly advancing construction of I-69 within each state through traditional funding sources when available and innovative financing methods, such as public–private partnerships. In December 2018, the I-69 River Crossing project team for Kentucky and Indiana announced a preferred plan to build a new toll bridge across the Ohio River as part of I-69.[15] In January 2023, contracts were awarded for work on the Kentucky approach to the new bridge (section 1).[16] In March 2023, Kentucky and Indiana signed an initial memorandum of agreement to allow preliminary development and financial planning to move forward.[17] The Indiana approach (section 3) is expected to begin construction in early 2024. Construction of the bridge (section 2) is currently scheduled to begin in 2027 and be completed in 2031, although efforts to speed up the timeframe are being explored.[18]
In 2021, Tennessee announced it was reviving construction of segment 7 of I-69 in northwestern Tennessee to link it to I-55 on the west side of the Mississippi River. This will provide an interim direct freeway link to Memphis that will bypass the suspended segment 8 pending its eventual completion to take I-69 even more directly into Memphis. The Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) halted the Interstate work about four years earlier because they lacked federal funding for the project. The revived portion of I-69 will run from the Kentucky state line to Dyersburg where it will connect with I-155, a spur that crosses the Mississippi River and extends to I-55 in southeastern Missouri. From there, I-55 extends south running parallel to the Mississippi River on the Missouri–Arkansas side then crosses the river into Memphis.[19] A bypass around Union City, Tennessee has been completed to open to traffic on February 21, 2024.[20]
Texas
In Texas, I-69 planning has become part of the Trans-Texas Corridor (TTC) studies. This part of the TTC, called I-69/TTC, includes I-69 and all of its spurs authorized by Congress. It will extend from three border crossings, at Laredo, Pharr, and Brownsville, along US 59, US 281, and US 77 toward Victoria. After the three branches join, I-69 will continue along the general US 59 corridor through Houston to Tenaha, where it will turn easterly to Louisiana along US 84. In Greater Houston, I-69 will follow the US 59 freeway corridor through town. A branch (I-369) continues north on US 59 from Tenaha to Texarkana, where it will eventually connect to I-30 and I-49. Most of the proposed I-69 route in Texas already exists as four-lane highways, with a lengthy freeway section stretching north and south of Houston along US 59 and shorter freeway sections of US 77, US 83, and US 281 in the Lower Rio Grande Valley.
The I-69/TTC project has been split into 15 SIUs, which match the original ones but do not share numbers. SIUs 1 to 8 (original 16 to 23) cover the mainline along the "Interstate 69 East" branch to the Mexican border at Brownsville. The "Interstate 69 Central" branch to Pharr is SIUs 9, 11, and 12 (original 24 to 26). The "Interstate 369" and "Interstate 69 West" branches to Texarkana and the Mexican border at Laredo, respectively, are SIUs 13 and 14 (original 29 and 30), and two connections to Brownsville and Pharr are SIUs 10 and 15 (original 31 and 32). The I-69/TTC study also includes SIU L-CC, a connection between Freer and Corpus Christi that was not in the 2000 study.[21] The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) originally considered building the I-69/TTC over new terrain paralleling US 59, US 77, and US 281.
Responding to widespread opposition from environmental groups and property rights activists, TxDOT announced in June 2008 that it will complete I-69 by upgrading the existing US 59, US 77, and US 281 roadways to Interstate standards through rural areas, with bypasses around urban centers along the route. Instead of building the Trans-Texas Corridor as originally planned, TxDOT now plans to finance upgrading the existing highways to I-69 through private sector investment. Under the proposed arrangement, I-69 would remain toll-free where it overlaps preexisting highways, while bypasses of cities may be tolled. The private firms awarded contracts for I-69 would also build and operate toll roads throughout the state; some of those revenues would then be applied to I-69 construction.
A stated goal of TxDOT's I-69 initiative is that "existing suitable freeway sections of the proposed system be designated as I-69 as soon as possible".[22] In response to TxDOT's request, a six-mile (9.7 km) segment of US 77 between I-37 and SH 44 near Corpus Christi was approved for the "I-69" designation by the FHWA in August 2011 and was approved by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in October 2011;[23] signage was posted at an official ceremony on December 5, 2011;[24] it was resigned as I-69E on May 29, 2013.
At the May 18, 2012, meeting of AASHTO, 35 miles (56 km) of US 59 from I-610 in Houston to Fostoria Road in Liberty County were also approved as ready for I-69 signage.[25]
On May 29, 2013, the Texas Transportation Commission gave approval to naming completed Interstate-standard segments of US 77 and US 281 as I-69. US 77 through Cameron and Willacy counties will be signed as I-69E, including 52 miles (84 km) of existing freeway starting at the Rio Grande in Brownsville and running north past Raymondville. The 13 miles (21 km) of US 281 freeway in Pharr and Edinburg will be signed as I-69C.[26]
The section of US 59 inside the I-610 loop that runs through Downtown Houston was approved by the FHWA for designation as I-69 on March 9, 2015, and approved for signage as such by the Texas Transportation Commission on March 24, 2015.[27]
Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi
The nearly 350-mile (560 km) portion of the I-69 extension from south of
Tennessee, Kentucky, and southern Indiana
From a point south of Clarksdale, Mississippi, to Henderson, Kentucky, most of the I-69 alignment is planned to consist of upgrades to existing U.S. Highways, Interstates and substandard freeways, although some sections are expected be built as bypasses around cities and towns along the route.
I-69 SIU 9
In Kentucky, I-69 mostly follows existing freeways originally built as
On August 31, 2011, Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear announced an agreement between the state and the FHWA which allowed the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) to erect I-69 signage along the new Interstate's 17-mile (27 km) overlap with I-24 and the 38-mile (61 km) stretch of the Western Kentucky Parkway between I-24 and the Pennyrile Parkway. Signage was placed in late 2011, with construction on necessary upgrades of the portion of the Western Kentucky Parkway expected to be bid in September.[36] On October 25, 2011, I-69 was officially designated by Beshear along a 55-mile (89 km) stretch of I-24 and the Western Kentucky Parkway between Calvert City and Nortonville.[37] Signage and milemarkers were replaced on the 38-mile (61 km) stretch of the Western Kentucky Parkway in mid-December 2012.[38] An additional 43.6 miles (70.2 km) along the Pennyrile Parkway from the Western Kentucky Parkway to Kentucky Route 425 (KY 425), south of Henderson, was designated and resigned on November 16, 2015.[39][40] The Purchase Parkway between Mayfield and Calvert City was signed in July 2018.[41] The next phase of upgrading Purchase Parkway from Mayfield to the Tennessee state line began in December 2022 and is expected to be done by December 15, 2024.[42]
The Indiana and Kentucky governors agreed on June 30, 2016, to spend a combined $17 million (equivalent to $21.2 million in 2023[11]) for an environmental and design study to determine how the two states will pay for a bridge spanning the Ohio River and where it will run. This is the second study conducted by the two states. The first study was commissioned in 2001, and a preliminary report in 2004 put the cost of a bridge at $1.4 billion (equivalent to $2.16 billion in 2023[11]). Only a draft environmental report was issued at this time; no final environmental report or approval was issued due to a lack of money. Since 2004, Indiana and Kentucky (combined) have completed nearly 300 miles (480 km) of the Interstate. The bridge is the last remaining piece to connect the two states.[43] The preferred alternative for SIU 4 was to leave the Pennyrile Parkway near its north end and cross the Ohio River to I-164 near Evansville, Indiana, and then use I-164 to I-64.[44] At the October 18, 2013, AASHTO meeting, an Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) request to redesignate I-164 as part of I-69 was approved, pending concurrence from the FHWA.[45] I-69 was officially designated on this corridor in late 2014.[46]
SIU 3, connecting I-69 to
In August 2023, officials in Kentucky and Indiana submitted a grant proposal to the U.S. Department of Transportation requesting $630 million to build a bridge across the Ohio River to connect the Indiana and Kentucky segments of I-69. If approved, construction on a four-lane bridge could begin as soon as 2027 and be completed by 2031.[52]
History
Original route
A route from I-465 in
The I-69 designation was assigned to the Indianapolis–Angola route in 1957, while the short South Bend–Kalamazoo route became proposed
Extended route
- (18) Corridor from Indianapolis, Indiana, to Memphis, Tennessee, via Evansville, Indiana.
- (20) US 59 Corridor from the Mexican border in Laredo, Texas, through Houston, to the vicinity of Texarkana, Texas.
Corridor 18 was extended southwest to Houston, where it connected to Corridor 20, by the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993; the new definition read "Corridor from Indianapolis, Indiana, through Evansville, Indiana, Memphis, Tennessee,
The
In 2000, Corridors 18 and 20 were split into 32 SIUs as part of the I-69 (Corridor 18) Special Environmental Study.[69] In Texas, it was originally envisioned that private firms will build, operate, then transfer portions of the highway to the state after a specified period of time. Lawmakers in Kentucky once considered a bill that would authorize the re-tolling of three parkways slated to become part of I-69.[citation needed]
Opposition and controversy
The construction of the I-69 extension beyond Indianapolis has angered environmentalists. In particular, the southern portion of the route in Indiana would run through wetlands, existing farmland, and forested areas, and cut through geologically sensitive
Junction list
- Texas
- US 59 in Rosenberg. The highways travel concurrently to north-northeast of Splendora.
- Sam Houston Tollwayin Houston
- I-610 in Houston
- I-45 in Houston
- I-10 / US 90 in Houston
- I-610 in Houston
- Sam Houston Parkwayin Houston
- line
- Gap in route
- Louisiana
- Unbuilt
- Arkansas
- Unbuilt; two lanes of Monticello Bypass completed and signed as US-278 Bypass.
- Mississippi
- MS 713 east-northeast of Robinsonville. The highways travel concurrently for approximately 3.73 miles (6.00 km).
- I-55 in Hernando. The highways travel concurrently to Memphis, Tennessee.
- Tennessee
- US 51 in Memphis
- I-55 / I-240 in Memphis. I-69/I-240 travels concurrently through Memphis.
- US 78 in Memphis
- US 51 / US 64 / US 70 / US 79 in Memphis
- I-40 / I-240 in Memphis. I-40/I-69 travels concurrently through Memphis.
- US 51/ SR 300 in Memphis
- Gap in route
- Kentucky
- US 45 in Mayfield
- I-24 south of Calvert City. The highways travel concurrently to Eddyville.
- US 62 in Calvert City
- US 62 / US 641 in Kuttawa
- US 62 in Eddyville
- Future I-569 / Western Kentucky Parkway north-northeast of Nortonville
- US 41 in Madisonville
- US 41 near Henderson
- Gap in route; planned to be filled in by the I-69 Ohio River Crossing.
- Indiana
- US 41 in Evansville
- I-64 west-northwest of Elberfeld
- US 50 / US 150 east of Washington
- US 231 west-northwest of Scotland
- SR 37 near Bloomington
- SR 39 near Martinsville
- SR 144 near Bargersville
- Gap in route; to be filed by end of 2024
- SR 37 in Fishers
- US 35 east-northeast of Alexandria. The highways travel concurrently to Gas City.
- US 224 in Markle
- I-469 / US 33 east of Roanoke. I-69/US 33 travels concurrently to Fort Wayne.
- US 24 in Fort Wayne. The highways travel concurrently through Fort Wayne.
- US 30 / US 33 in Fort Wayne. I-69/US 30 travels concurrently through Fort Wayne.
- US 27 in Fort Wayne
- I-469 / US 24 / US 30 in Fort Wayne
- US 6 west-northwest of Waterloo
- US 20 west of Angola
- I-80 / I-90 west-northwest of Fremont
- Michigan
- US 12 in Coldwater
- I-94 northwest of Marshall
- I-96 in Lansing. The highways travel concurrently to northwest of Waverly.
- I-496 west of Lansing
- US 127 north-northwest of East Lansing
- I-75 / US 23 southwest of Flint
- I-475 in Flint
- I-94 north of Marysville. The highways travel concurrently to the Canada–United States border in Port Huron.
- I-94/ Highway 402 at the Canada–United States border in Port Huron
Auxiliary routes
- Interstate 69C (Texas)
- Interstate 69E (Texas)
- Interstate 69W (Texas)
- Interstate 69 Spur (Kentucky)—proposed
- Interstate 169 (Indiana)—proposed
- Interstate 169 (Kentucky)
- Interstate 169 (Tennessee)—proposed
- Interstate 169 (Texas)
- Interstate 269 (Indiana)—proposed/rejected
- Interstate 269 (Mississippi–Tennessee)
- Interstate 369 (Texas)
- Interstate 469 (Indiana)
- Interstate 569 (Kentucky)—proposed
See also
- U.S. Roads portal
References
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- from the original on June 7, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2010.
- OCLC 12701177. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Federal Highway Administration (October 1, 1970). The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 25, 2013 – via Wikimedia Commons.
- ^ Weingroff, Richard (July 16, 2013) [1998]. "Part I: History". The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on June 7, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
- from the original on June 7, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2013.
- ^ "H.R.2950". Thomas.loc.gov. Archived from the original on December 15, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
- ^ "H.R. 5518". Thomas.loc.gov. Archived from the original on December 15, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
- ^ "S.440". Thomas.loc.gov. February 16, 1995. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
- ^ "H.R. 2400". Thomas.loc.gov. Archived from the original on December 16, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
- ^ Staff. "NHS High Priority Corridors Description". Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
- ^ I-69 (Corridor 18) Special Environmental Study (Report). February 7, 2000.
- ^ "Indiana I-69". ELPC. Archived from the original on June 26, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
- ^ Bisbort, Alan. "The World This Week: Nafty Business: 'Super Corridor' will pave over the heart of America". The Valley Advocate. Archived from the original on December 1, 2007. Retrieved December 3, 2007.
- ISBN 978-0-528-00771-2.
Further reading
- Dellinger, Matt (2010). Interstate 69: The Unfinished History of the Last Great American Highway. New York: ISBN 978-1-4165-4249-0.
- Higgs, Steven (2009). Twenty Years of Crimes Against Democracy: A Grassroots History of the I-69/NAFTA Highway. Los Angeles: New World Digital Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9825314-4-0.
External links
- I69Info.com
- Highway Position: Is an Indiana Congressman introducing legislation to change the name of Interstate 69? (Snopes.com)
- Official DOT websites:
- I-69 Indianapolis-Evansville Study (Indiana Department of Transportation, SIU 3)
- Interstate 69 in Tennessee (SIUs 7, 8, and 9)
- Shreveport bypass (SIU 15)
- I-69 Driven By Texans, a Texas Department of Transportation site