List of presidents of Colombia
Under the
Lists of presidents
United Provinces of New Granada (1810–1819)
Although Colombia has historically been considered an independent country since 1819, the quality of "president" of Colombia of the leaders who governed the current South American country before the Independence of Spain was consolidated is equally accepted. The following is a list of those rulers prior to 1819, considered official by various sources in the country such as the Museum of the Bank of the Republic.
The following were the leaders who exercised executive power during the First Republic, either as presidents of the Supreme Junta of Santa Fe (1810–1811), presidents of the State of Cundinamarca (1811–1814) (in red) or presidents of the Congress of the United Provinces of New Granada (1811–1816), the last two states in dispute.
No. | Presidents | Term | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | José Miguel Pey | 25 July 1810 | 1 April 1811 | |
2 | Jorge Tadeo Lozano | 24 March 1811 | 29 September 1811 | |
3 | Antonio Nariño y Álvarez | 30 September 1811 | 27 October 1812 | |
- | Pedro Groot y Alea | 23 December 1811 | 24 December 1811 | |
4 | Luis de Ayala y Vergara | 25 June 1812 | 5 August 1812 | |
Manuel Benito de Castro Arcaya | 19 August 1812 | 12 September 1812 | ||
5 | Antonio Nariño y Álvarez
& State Council |
27 October 1812 | 31 August 1813 | |
6 | José María Arrubia y Martínez | 26 November 1812 | 14 December 1812 | |
Juan Dionisio Gamba y Ureña | 26 November 1812 | 14 December 1812 | ||
Felipe de Vergara Azcárate y Caycedo
|
26 November 1812 | 14 December 1812 | ||
7 | Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez | 13 August 1813 | 12 December 1814 | |
8 | Camilo Torres Tenorio | 27 October 1812 | 5 October 1814 | |
9 | Triumvirate | 5 October 1814 | 15 November 1815 | |
José María del Castillo y Rada | 5 October 1814 | 25 January 1815 | ||
José Fernández Madrid | 5 October 1814 | 25 January 1815 | ||
José Joaquín Camacho | 5 October 1814 | 25 January 1815 | ||
Custodio García Rovira | 26 November 1814 | 25 March 1815 | ||
José Miguel Pey | 25 March 1815 | 15 November 1815 | ||
Manuel Rodríguez Torices | 28 July 1815 | 15 November 1815 | ||
Crisanto Valenzuela | 25 July 1815 | 17 August 1815 | ||
Antonio Villavicencio y Verastegui | 17 August 1815 | 15 November 1815 | ||
10 | Camilo Torres Tenorio | 15 November 1815 | 14 March 1816 | |
11 | José Fernández Madrid | 14 March 1816 | 22 June 1816 | |
12 | Liborio Mejía Gutiérrez | 22 June 1816 | 30 June 1816 | |
13 | Custodio García Rovira | 30 June 1816 | 10 July 1816 | |
14 | Fernando Serrano Uribe | 16 July 1816 | 16 September 1816 | |
Spain Retakes the Territory | 1816 | 1819 |
Republic of Colombia (1819–1831)
This list includes those persons who were sworn into or forcibly took the office of president of the Republic of Colombia following the passing of the Colombian Constitution of 1832, which took effect on 30 August 1821.
The Republic of Colombia of 1821–1831 is now commonly referred to as the
• Republic of Colombia • | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. [n 1] |
President | Took office | Left office | Party | Term [n 1] |
Vice President | Acting presidents[n 2] | |
1 | 15 February 1819 | 4 May 1830 [n 3] |
no party | (1819) | Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña (13 December 1821–14 November 1826) Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría (10 November 1829–10 December 1829) | |||
1 (1819) | ||||||||
vacant (10 March 1821–4 April 1821) | ||||||||
Antonio Nariño y Álvarez (4 April 1821–6 June 1821)[n 3] | ||||||||
José María del Castillo y Rada (6 June 1821–3 October 1821) | ||||||||
2 (1821) |
Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña (3 October 1821–27 August 1828) | |||||||
3 ( 1825 )
|
Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña (3 October 1821–27 August 1828) | |||||||
vacant (27 August 1828– 4 May 1830) | ||||||||
2 | Joaquín de Mosquera y Arboleda [4] |
4 May 1830 | 4 September 1830 | no party | 4 (1830) |
Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría (4 May 1830–4 September 1830) |
Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría (4 May 1830–15 June 1830) (2 August 1830–18 August 1830) | |
3 | Rafael Urdaneta y Faría [5] |
4 September 1830 [n 5] |
30 April 1831 | no party | suspended (4 September 1830–30 April) |
|||
vacant | 30 April 1831 | 10 March 1832 | no party | Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría (30 April 1831–21 November 1831) | ||||
José María Obando del Campo (21 November–10 March 1832) | ||||||||
4 | Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña [6] |
10 March 1832 | 1 April 1837 | no party | 5 (1832) |
José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto (10 March 1832–1 April 1833) |
José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto (10 March 1832–7 October 1832) |
Republic of New Granada (1832–1858)
This list includes those persons who were sworn into or forcibly took the office of president of the Republic of New Granada following the passing of the Colombian Constitution of 1832, which took effect on 26 November 1832.
There were 8 people in office serving a presidency each. All were popularly elected under an
The president and the vice president were elected separately two years apart for a period of four years each, resulting in a president having two vice presidents given normal circumstances. The Colombian Constitution of 1832, just like its predecessor, did not provide for a way to fill a vacancy in the presidency or the vicepresidency until the next electoral period, because of this the presidency was vacant between 1854 and 1857 when Melo, who had deposed President Obando in a coup, handed power to the previous administration; Obando would have taken back the presidency, but he had been
- Parties
• Republic of New Granada • | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. [n 1] |
President | Took office | Left office | Party | Term [n 1] |
Vice President | Acting presidents[n 2] | |
1 | Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña (1792–1840) [7] |
10 March 1832 | 1 April 1837 | no party | (1832) | José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto (10 March 1832–1 April 1833) |
José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto (10 March 1832–7 October 1832) | |
1 (1833) |
Joaquín Mariano Mosquera y Arboleda (1 April 1833–1 April 1835) | |||||||
José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto (1 April 1835–1 April 1837) | ||||||||
2 | José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto (1793–1880) [8] |
1 April 1837 | 1 April 1841 | no party (Ministerials) |
2 (1837) |
vacant (1 April 1837–1 April 1839) |
||
Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría (1 April 1839–1 April 1843) | ||||||||
3 | Pedro Alcántara Herrán Martínez (1800–1872) [9] |
1 April 1841 | 1 April 1845 | no party (Ministerials) |
3 (1841) |
Juan de Dios Aranzazu González (5 July 1841–19 May 1842) | ||
Joaquín José Gori y Álvarez de Castro (1 April 1843–1 April 1847) | ||||||||
4 | Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda (1798–1878) [10] |
1 April 1845 | 1 April 1849 | no party (Ministerials) |
4 (1845) |
Rufino Cuervo y Barreto (14 August 1847–14 December 1847) | ||
Rufino Cuervo y Barreto (1 April 1847–1 April 1851) | ||||||||
5 | José Hilario López Valdéz (1798–1869) [11] |
1 April 1849 | 1 April 1853 | Liberal | 5 ( 1849 )
|
|||
José de Obaldía y Orejuela (1 April 1851–1 April 1855) | ||||||||
6 | José María Obando del Campo (1795–1861) [12] |
1 April 1853 | 17 April 1854 | Liberal | 6 ( 1853 )
|
|||
7 | José María Melo y Ortiz (1800–1860) [13] |
17 April 1854 [n 5] |
4 December 1854 | Liberal (Draconians) |
Francisco Antonio Obregón Muñoz (20 May 1854–2 June 1854) | |||
vacant | 4 December 1854 | 1 April 1857 | (1 April 1855–1 April 1857) | |||||
Manuel María Mallarino Ibargüen (1 April 1855–1 April 1859) | ||||||||
8 | Mariano Ospina Rodríguez (1805–1885) [14] |
1 April 1857 | 1 April 1861 | Conservative | 7 ( 1857 )
|
|||
[n 6] |
Granadine Confederation (1858–1863)
This list includes those persons who were sworn into, succeeded to, or forcibly took office as President of the Granadine Confederation following the passing of the Colombian Constitution of 1858, which took effect on 22 May 1858.
The Constitution of 1858 abolished the Office of the Vice Presidency. The line of succession was modified by the introduction of the figures of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
There were only 3 people in office who served a presidency each.
Giving the great animosity between
- Parties
• Granadine Confederation • | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. [n 1] |
President | Took office | Left office | Party | Term [n 1] |
Vice President | Acting presidents[n 2] | Acting in Rebellion | |
1 | Mariano Ospina Rodríguez (1805–1885) [14] |
1 April 1857 | 1 April 1861 | Conservative | ( 1857 )
|
[n 6] | Juan José Nieto Gil (25 January 1861–18 July 1861) | ||
2 | Bartolomé Calvo Díaz (1815–1889) [15] |
1 April 1861 | 18 July 1861 | Conservative | 1 (1861) |
[n 6] | |||
3 | Juan José Nieto Gil
(1804–1866) |
25 January 1861 | 18 July 1861 | Liberal | |||||
4 | Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda (1798–1878) [10] |
18 July 1861 [n 5] |
4 February 1863 | Liberal | [n 6] | Andrés Cerón Serrano (February 1862–February 1862) |
Julio Arboleda Pombo (10 July 1861–18 July 1861) Ignacio Gutiérrez Vergara (18 July 1861–18 January 1862) Leonardo Canal González (18 July 1861–6 November 1862) Manuel del Río y de Narváez (6 November 1862–13 January 1863) |
United States of Colombia (1863–1886)
This list includes those persons who were sworn into, succeeded to, or forcibly took office as President of the United States of Colombia following the passing of the Colombian Constitution of 1863, which took effect on 8 May 1863.
There were 11 people in office, and 14 presidencies as three presidents served two non-consecutive terms each and are counted chronologically twice, they are:
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda, the first president of the United States of Colombia, had actually started his tenure in 1861 (he became the third and last president of the Granadine Confederation with a coup). In this capacity he was appointed by the National Constituent Assembly of 1863 to continue serving while the assembly drafted, passed, signed, and implemented a new constitution. The first elected president of the United States of Colombia was Manuel Murillo Toro, elected in 1864 for a constitutional two-year term. The longest serving president was Rafael Núñez Moledo with 10 years, 5 months, and 17 days, of which only 2 years, 4 months, and 5 days were actually served as the elected president of the United States of Colombia, but still longer than anyone else. Francisco Javier Zaldúa y Racines spent the shortest time in office with just 8 months, and 20 days in 1882.
The
- Parties
• United States of Colombia • | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | President | Took office | Left office | Party | Term | Vice President[n 7] | Acting presidents | |
1 | Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda (1798–1878) [10] |
14 May 1863 | 1 April 1864 | Liberal (Radical) |
(1860) | Juan Agustín de Uricoechea y Rocha (29 January 1864–28 February 1864) | ||
2 | Manuel Murillo Toro (1816–1880) [16] |
1 April 1864 | 1 April 1866 | Liberal (Radical) |
1 (1864) |
|||
3 | Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda (1798–1878) [10] |
1 April 1866 | 23 May 1867 | Liberal (Moderate) |
2 ( 1866 )
|
José María Rojas Garrido (1 April 1866–22 May 1866) | ||
4 | 23 May 1867 [n 5] |
1 April 1868 | Liberal (Radical) |
|||||
5 | 1 April 1868 | 1 April 1870 | Liberal (Radical) |
3 ( 1868 )
|
Salvador Camacho Roldán (21 December 1868–2 January 1869) | |||
6 | Eustorgio Salgar Moreno (1831–1885) [19] |
1 April 1870 | 1 April 1872 | Liberal (Radical) |
4 ( 1870 )
|
|||
7 | Manuel Murillo Toro (1816–1880) [20] |
1 April 1872 | 1 April 1874 | Liberal (Radical) |
5 ( 1872 )
|
|||
8 | Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas (1830–1900) [21] |
1 April 1874 | 1 April 1876 | Liberal (Radical) |
6 ( 1874 )
|
|||
9 | Aquileo Parra Gómez (1825–1900) [22] |
1 April 1876 | 1 April 1878 | Liberal (Radical) |
7 ( 1876 )
|
José Sergio Camargo Pinzón (19 May 1877–14 August 1877) Manuel María Ramírez Fortoul (22 December 1877–24 December 1877) | ||
10 | Julián Trujillo Largacha (1828–1883) [23] |
1 April 1878 | 1 April 1880 | Liberal (Radical) |
8 (1878) |
|||
11 | 1 April 1880 | 1 April 1882 | Liberal (Independent) |
9 (1880) |
||||
12 | Francisco Javier Zaldúa y Racines (1811–1882) [25] |
1 April 1882 | 21 December 1882 [n 4] |
Liberal (Independent) |
10 (1882) |
|||
13 | 21 December 1882 | 1 April 1884 | Liberal (Independent) |
Clímaco Calderón Reyes (21 December 1882– 22 December 1882) | ||||
14 | 1 April 1884 | 1 April 1886 | Liberal (Independent) |
11 (1884) |
(1 April 1886– 7 August 1886) |
Republic of Colombia (1886–present)
This list includes those persons who were sworn into, succeeded to, or forcibly took office as President of the present-day
There have been 31 people in office, and 32 presidencies as
Rafael Núñez Moledo, the first president, was actually inaugurated in 1884 as the 14th and last president of the United States of Colombia for a two-year constitutional term; in this capacity he was appointed by the National Constituent Assembly of 1885 to serve a new six-year term while the assembly drafted, passed, signed, and implemented a new constitution; at the end of this term he was elected in 1892 for his first constitutional six-year term as president of Colombia. Núñez spent the longest time in office with 10 years, 5 months, and 17 days, but having only spent 2 years, 1 month, and 11 days as the elected president of Colombia before his death. The longest serving elected president was
The vice presidency was abolished after the Constitutional Reform of 1905 and was only re-introduced after the passing of the Colombian Constitution of 1991 which remains in place. Article 127 of the Colombian Constitution of 1886 only allowed for re-election of the president in a non-immediate form; this was changed by the Constitutional Reform of 2005 allowing for immediate re-elections for a maximum of two terms.
Under the
- Parties
National Conservative Liberal Republican Union Military rule Colombia First National Unity Democratic Center Humane Colombia
No. [n 1] |
President | Took office | Left office | Party | Term [n 1] |
Vice President | Acting presidents[n 2] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 April 1886 [n 8] |
18 September 1894 [n 8][n 4] |
National | (1886) | Eliseo Payán Hurtado (7 August 1886–7 August 1892) |
Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar (7 August 1892–18 September 1894) | ||
1 (1892) |
Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar (7 August 1892–18 September 1894) | |||||||
2 | Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar (1845–1909) [28] |
18 September 1894 | 7 August 1898 | National | vacant (18 September 1894–1 August 1898) [n 9] |
Guillermo Quintero Calderón (12 March 1896– 17 March 1896) | ||
3 | Manuel Antonio Sanclemente Sanclemente (1814–1902) [29] |
7 August 1898 | 31 July 1900 | National | 2 (1898) |
José Manuel Marroquín Ricaurte (7 August 1898–31 July 1900) |
||
4 | José Manuel Marroquín Ricaurte (1827–1908) [30] |
31 July 1900 [n 5] |
7 August 1904 | Conservative | vacant (31 July 1900–7 August 1904) [n 9] |
|||
5 | Rafael Reyes Prieto (1849–1921) [31] |
7 August 1904 | 27 July 1909 [n 3] |
Conservative | 3 (1904) |
Ramón González Valencia (7 August 1904–10 March 1905) [n 3][n 10] |
Jorge Holguín Mallarino (27 July 1909–4 August 1909) | |
[n 10] | ||||||||
6 | Ramón González Valencia (1851–1928) [32] |
7 August 1909 | 7 August 1910 | Conservative | [n 10] | |||
7 | 7 August 1910 | 7 August 1914 [n 11] |
Republican Union [n 12] |
4 (1910) |
[n 10] | |||
8 | 7 August 1914 | 7 August 1918 | Conservative | 5 (1914) |
[n 10] | |||
9 | Marco Fidel Suárez (1855–1927) [35] |
7 August 1918 | 11 November 1921 [n 3] |
Conservative | 6 (1918) |
[n 10] | ||
10 | Jorge Holguín Mallarino (1848–1928) [36] |
11 November 1921 | 7 August 1922 | Conservative | [n 10] | |||
11 | Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez (1858–1927) [37] |
7 August 1922 | 7 August 1926 | Conservative | 7 (1922) |
[n 10] | ||
12 | Miguel Abadía Méndez (1867–1947) [38] |
7 August 1926 | 7 August 1930 | Conservative | 8 (1926) |
[n 10] | ||
13 | Enrique Olaya Herrera (1880–1937) [39] |
7 August 1930 | 7 August 1934 | Liberal | 9 (1930) |
[n 10] | ||
14 | Alfonso López Pumarejo (1886–1959) [40] |
7 August 1934 | 7 August 1938 | Liberal | 10 (1934) |
[n 10] | ||
15 | Eduardo Santos Montejo (1888–1974) [41] |
7 August 1938 | 7 August 1942 | Liberal | 11 (1938) |
[n 10] | ||
16 | Alfonso López Pumarejo (1886–1959) [40] |
7 August 1942 | 7 August 1946 | Liberal | 12 (1942) |
[n 10] | (7 August 1945–7 August 1946) | |
17 | Mariano Ospina Pérez (1891–1976) [42] |
7 August 1946 | 7 August 1950 | Conservative | 13 (1946) |
[n 10] | ||
18 | Laureano Gómez Castro (1889–1965) [43] |
7 August 1950 | 13 June 1953 | Conservative | 14 (1949) |
[n 10] | Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez (5 November 1951–13 June 1953) | |
19 | Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (1900–1975) [44] |
13 June 1953 [n 5] |
10 May 1957 [n 3] |
no party (Military) | [n 10] | Gabriel París Gordillo (30 July 1955–3 August 1955) | ||
(1954) | ||||||||
Military Junta | 10 May 1957 | 7 August 1958 | no party (Military) | [n 10] | Gabriel París Gordillo Rafael Navas Pardo Deogracias Fonseca Espinosa Rubén Piedrahíta Arango Luis Ernesto Ordóñez Castillo | |||
20 | Alberto Lleras Camargo (1906–1990) [45] |
7 August 1958 | 7 August 1962 | Liberal [n 13] |
15 (1958) |
[n 10] | ||
21 | Guillermo León Valencia Muñoz (1909–1971) [46] |
7 August 1962 | 7 August 1966 | Conservative [n 13] |
16 (1962) |
[n 10] | José Antonio Montalvo Berbeo (6 August 1963–8 August 1963) | |
22 | Carlos Lleras Restrepo (1908–1994) [47] |
7 August 1966 | 7 August 1970 | Liberal [n 13] |
17 (1966) |
[n 10] | ||
23 | Misael Pastrana Borrero (1923–1997) [48] |
7 August 1970 | 7 August 1974 | Conservative [n 13] |
18 (1970) |
[n 10] | Rafael Azuero Manchola (21 July 1973–24 July 1973) | |
24 | Alfonso López Michelsen (1913–2007) [49] |
7 August 1974 | 7 August 1978 | Liberal | 19 (1974) |
[n 10] | Indalecio Liévano Aguirre (20 September 1975–24 September 1975) | |
25 | Julio César Turbay Ayala (1916–2005) [50] |
7 August 1978 | 7 August 1982 | Liberal | 20 (1978) |
[n 10] | Víctor Mosquera Chaux (3 February 1981–11 February 1981) | |
26 | Belisario Betancur Cuartas (1923–2018) [51][52] |
7 August 1982 | 7 August 1986 | Conservative | 21 (1982) |
[n 10] | ||
27 | Virgilio Barco Vargas (1921–1997) [53][54] |
7 August 1986 | 7 August 1990 | Liberal | 22 (1986) |
[n 10] | ||
28 | César Gaviria Trujillo (1947–) [55][56] |
7 August 1990 | 7 August 1994 | Liberal | 23 (1990) |
[n 10] | ||
29 | Ernesto Samper Pizano (1950–) [57][58] |
7 August 1994 | 7 August 1998 | Liberal | 24 (1994) |
Carlos Lemos Simmonds (11 January 1998–21 January 1998) | ||
Carlos Lemos Simmonds (19 September 1997–7 August 1998) | ||||||||
30 | Andrés Pastrana Arango (1954–) [59][60] |
7 August 1998 | 7 August 2002 | Conservative | 25 (1998) |
Gustavo Adolfo Bell Lemus (7 August 1998–7 August 2002) |
||
31 | Álvaro Uribe Vélez (1952–) [61][62] |
7 August 2002 | 7 August 2010 [n 14] |
Colombia First | 26 (2002) |
Francisco Santos Calderón (7 August 2002–7 August 2010) |
||
27 (2006) | ||||||||
32 | Juan Manuel Santos Calderón (1951–) [63][64] |
7 August 2010 | 7 August 2018 | National Unity | 28 (2010) |
Angelino Garzón (7 August 2010–7 August 2014) |
||
29 (2014) |
German Vargas Lleras (7 August 2014–21 March 2017)[n 3] |
|||||||
Óscar Naranjo (29 March 2017–7 August 2018) |
||||||||
33 | Iván Duque Márquez (1976–) |
7 August 2018 | 7 August 2022 | Democratic Center | 30 (2018) |
Marta Lucía Ramírez (7 August 2018–7 August 2022) |
||
34 | Gustavo Petro Urrego (1960–) |
7 August 2022 | Incumbent |
Humane Colombia (Historic Pact) |
31 (2022) |
Francia Márquez (7 August 2022–) |
Timeline
See also
- List of vice presidents of Colombia
- List of presidential designates of Colombia
- List of viceroys of New Granada
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h
For the purposes of numbering, a presidency is defined as an uninterrupted period of time in office served by one person. For example, Rafael Reyes Prieto, Ramón González Valencia became the 6th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Reyes's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Alfonso López Pumarejowas both the 14th president and the 16th president, his two terms having been non-consecutive.
- ^ a b c d
A period during which a vice-president, a designate, or a caretaker temporarily becomes Acting President under Article 193 of the 1991 Constitution, or before it, under Articles 124 and 125 of the 1886 Constitution, is not a presidency, because the president constitutionally remains in office during such a period.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Resigned.
- ^ a b c Died in office of natural causes.
- ^ a b c d e f Took power by coup d'état.
- ^ a b c d The Constitution of 1858 abolished the Office of the Vice President, the line of succession was modified placing the Government Ministers from oldest to youngest to succeed the President in the event of the President's temporal or permanent absence.
- ^
The Presidential Designates, who were elected annually by Congress amongst its members, but held no office or duties other than providing a succession for the President in the event of the president's temporal or permanent absence.
- ^ a b President Núñez had actually taken office on 1 April 1884 for a two year term as stipulated by Article 79 of the 1863 Constitution. In 1886, he was appointed by the National Constituent Council to serve a new six year term starting on 7 August 1886 as stipulated by Article A of the new 1886 Constitution that created the present-day Republic of Colombia. In 1892 he started his first elected term as president, the previous term having been an appointment to safeguard the passing and implementation of the new constitution and therefore was not in conflict with Article 127 of the 1886 Constitution that prohibited the immediate re-election of a president.
- ^ a b Prior to the abolishment of the Office of Vice President in 1905, Article 131 of the 1886 Constitution did not allow for a vacancy in the vice presidency to be filled until the end of the constitutionally elected term.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa The Office of the Vice President was officially abolished by the 1905 National Constituent Assembly on 28 March 1905, and it was only reinstituted after the ratification of the new 1991 Constitution with Vice President de la Calle taking office after the following presidential elections in 1994.
- ^ The 1910 National Constituent Assembly amended Article 114 of the 1886 Constitution changing the length of a presidential term from that of six years to one of four years.
- ^ Although nominally head of the newly created Republican Union party, Restrepo was a long-time member of the Conservative Party.
- ^ a b c d Between 1958 and 1974 the presidency, under the National Front alternation plan, was held in an alternating manner by members of the two traditional parties: Liberals and Conservatives.
- ^ Álvaro Uribe Vélez is the first president to have been legally allowed to seek an immediate second term by the 2nd Legislative Act of 2004 that amended Article 197 of the 1991 Constitution. Before that, the 1886 Constitution allowed presidents to seek a second term only in non-consecutive periods.
References
- ^ OCLC 500057889. Archived from the originalon 20 May 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
- ^ "Constitución Política de 1991 (Artículo 197)". Secretaría General del Senado.
- ^ "Biography of Rafael Núñez Moledo" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Biography of Rafael Núñez Moledo" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Biography of Rafael Urdaneta" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Biography of Francisco de Paula Santander" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Biography of Francisco de Paula Santander" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Biography of José Ignacio de Márquez" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Biography of Pedro Alcántara Herrán" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Biography of Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Biography of José Hilario López" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Biography of José María Obando del Campo" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Biography of José María Melo" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ a b "Mariano Ospina Rodríguez" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Biography of Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera" (in Spanish). wsp.presidencia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
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Further reading
- Plazas Vega, Luis Alfonso (1998). Presidentes de Colombia (in Spanish) (2 ed.). Bogotá: Panamericana Editorial. OCLC 30772210.
- OCLC 44964942.
- Arizmendi Posada, Ignacio (1989). Presidentes de Colombia: 1810-1990 (in Spanish). Bogotá: OCLC 19708732.
- Martínez Villamarín, Constantino (1947). Presidentes de Colombia (in Spanish). Tunja, BOY: Imprenta Departamental. OCLC 8253453.