2022 Colombian presidential election
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Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 54.98% (first round) 0.76pp 58.17% (second round) 4.24pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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This article is part of a series on the |
Politics of Colombia |
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The elections were held in the aftermath of the
Hernández, an independent affiliated with the
Petro won the runoff with 50.42% of the vote to Hernández's 47.35%.[12] Petro dominated in regions on Colombia's Caribbean and Pacific coasts,[6][13] and received over 81% of the vote in the coastal department of Chocó.[14] Due to an increased turnout among his supporters, Petro received nearly 2.7 million more votes in the second round than the first.[13][15] The result was noted for a continuing trend of left-wing victories in Latin America,[6] which has been dubbed as a "new pink tide".[9][16][17]
Background
During the previous election held in 2018, a run-off took place as no candidate attained 50% of the vote. The top two candidates were senator
Widespread demonstrations against the policies of president Duque took place from late April to December 2021. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia, which had dealt a blow to the economy and at a time when unemployment rates were high, Duque proposed a tax increase.[23] Furthermore, a controversial bill was proposed in Congress that would have resulted in the privatization of healthcare.[24] The majority of the protests were peaceful, with some cases of vandalism.[25] According to human-rights groups, police reacted violently to protesters in various instances, leading to deaths and alleged cases of sexual assault.[26][27] The protests led to a withdrawal of the healthcare and tax reform bills and the resignation of finance minister Alberto Carrasquilla Barrera.[28][29]
Electoral system
Colombian presidents are elected for four-year terms using a two-round system; if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a runoff is held between the top two candidates.[30] The vice president is elected on the same ticket as the president. Presidents are limited to a single four-year term and Article 191 of the constitution requires candidates to be Colombian by birth and at least thirty years old. In line with the constitution, Colombian citizens by birth or by naturalization, aged eighteen or older have the right to vote. Several scenarios can cause the loss of the right to vote, as outlined in the constitution. Citizens in detention centers can vote from the establishments determined by the National Civil Registry. The civil registry inscription is not automatic, and citizens must go to the regional office of the registry to register.[31] Legislative Act No. 2 of 2015 established that the runner-up in the presidential elections is given a seat in the Senate and their vice president candidate becomes a member of the Chamber of Representatives.[22]
In order to be accepted as a candidate, applicants must either have the backing of a recognized political party in order to run as their official candidate, or to collect a minimum number of signatures in order to run as an independent candidate. The National Registry confirmed that the minimum number of signatures required was 580,620, equivalent to 3% of the total valid vote in the
Primaries and party conventions
Historic Pact for Colombia
The Historic Pact for Colombia (Spanish: Pacto Histórico por Colombia) is a coalition of left-wing, progressive, and Indigenous politicians. Five pre-candidates representing six political parties or movements announced that they would be standing for election as the unified presidential candidate for the coalition. The candidate was chosen by public vote on 13 March 2022.[36]
Hope Center Coalition
The Hope Center Coalition (Spanish: Coalición Centro Esperanza), formerly known as the Coalition of Hope (Spanish: Coalición de la Esperanza) until 28 November 2021,[37] is a coalition of centre and centre-left politicians. Five pre-candidates announced that they would be standing for election as the unified presidential candidate for the coalition. The candidate was chosen by public vote on 13 March 2022.[38]
Fajardo was announced as the winner of the public vote and was nominated to be the candidate of the Hope Center Coalition.[39]
Team for Colombia Coalition
The Team for Colombia Coalition (Spanish: Coalición Equipo por Colombia) is a coalition of centre-right and right-wing politicians. Five pre-candidates announced that they would be standing for election as the unified presidential candidate for the coalition. The candidate was chosen by public vote on 13 March 2022.[40]
Gutiérrez was announced as the winner of the public vote and was nominated to be the candidate of the Team for Colombia Coalition.[41][42]
Other candidates
- Rodolfo Hernández, former mayor of Bucaramanga (League of Anti-Corruption Governors). Hernández announced on 29 June 2021 that he would run as an independent candidate.[43] On 13 December 2021, Hernández announced that he had delivered nearly 1.9 million signatures to the National Registry in support of his candidacy.[44]
- John Milton Rodríguez, senator (Fair and Free Colombia). Rodríguez was chosen as the candidate of the evangelical Christian party Fair and Free Colombia (Spanish: Colombia Justa Libres) at the party's national convention in November 2021, obtaining 75% of the delegates' votes.[45]
- Enrique Gómez Martínez (National Salvation Movement). On 1 November 2021, Gómez Martínez announced that he was relaunching the conservative National Salvation Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Salvación Nacional) that had been founded by his late uncle Álvaro Gómez Hurtado.[46] On 1 December 2021, the National Registry accepted the return of the National Salvation Movement as a political party, and Gómez Martínez became the party's presidential candidate.[47]
Candidates
Summary of candidates
The following candidates registered with the National Registrar of Civil Status and appeared on the ballot of the first round. This list also displays the most recent political office held by each candidate.[48][49]
Party | Presidential nominee | Vice-Presidential nominee[a] | Coalition | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent |
Rodolfo Hernández Mayor of Bucaramanga (2016–2019) |
Marelen Castillo | League of Anti-Corruption Governors | |||
Humane Colombia |
Gustavo Petro Senator (2018–2022) |
Francia Márquez (SPS) | Historic Pact for Colombia |
Candidates not in the runoff
Party | Presidential nominee | Vice-Presidential nominee[a] | Coalition | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colombia Justa Libres |
John Milton Rodríguez Senator (2018–2022) |
Sandra de las Lajas Secretary of Culture of Cali (2012) |
— | |||
Creemos Colombia |
Federico Gutiérrez Mayor of Medellín (2016–2019) |
Neiva (2016–2019)
|
Team for Colombia | |||
Independent Social Alliance |
Sergio Fajardo Governor of Antioquia (2012–2015) |
Luis Gilberto Murillo (CR) Minister of Environment (2016–2017) |
Hope Center Coalition | |||
National Salvation Movement |
Enrique Gómez | Carlos Cuartas | — |
Withdrew
- Óscar Iván Zuluaga, former Minister of Finance and Public Credit and runner-up in the 2014 Colombian presidential election (Democratic Center). It was announced that the candidate for the right wing Democratic Center party would be chosen via two polls conducted internally during November 2021.[50] The polls were conducted by the two polling agencies Centro Nacional de Consultoría (CNC) and YanHass via telephone, and polled 2,100 party members (comprising 25% of the final weighting) and 2,100 members of the public (comprising the remaining 75% weighting).[51][52] In both polls Zuluaga emerged comfortably as the preferred candidate, winning 53% of the vote in the CNC poll and 52% of the vote in the YanHass poll, and he was announced as the Democratic Center's candidate on 22 November 2021.[52] He beat four other pre-candidates: María Fernanda Cabal (23% and 27% in the CNC and YanHass polls, respectively), Paloma Valencia (11% and 9%), Alirio Barrera (8% and 7%), and Rafael Nieto Loiaza (5% and 5%).[51] The result of the vote caused controversy, with Cabal in particular disputing the results of the polls and accusing current president Iván Duque (also of the Democratic Center party) of interfering with the voting process to ensure that Zuluaga would win.[53] Following his victory, Zuluaga was invited to join the Team for Colombia Coalition, but he originally declined the invitation.[54] However, following Federico Gutiérrez's nomination as the Team for Colombia candidate, Zuluaga withdrew his candidacy and stated that he would support Gutiérrez's campaign.[55]
- Luis Gilberto Murillo, former governor of Chocó and former Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development (Colombia Reborn). Murillo had been expected to be a pre-candidate for the Hope Center Coalition, but on 21 January 2022 he announced that he would run independently as the candidate for the Colombia Reborn (Spanish: Colombia Renaciente) party.[56] He later stated that he had not felt welcome within the Hope Center Coalition.[57] However, on 17 March he announced he would suspend his presidential bid to become the vice presidential nominee of the Hope Center Coalition.[58]
- Luis Pérez, former mayor of Medellín and former governor of Antioquia (Colombia Think Big). Pérez announced on 26 February 2021 that he would be running for the presidency as an independent candidate.[59] On 15 December 2021, it was confirmed that Pérez had received the necessary number of signatures to be officially declared as a candidate.[60] On 11 May 2022, Peréz withdrew his candidacy, citing a "hateful" and "polarised" political atmosphere. He stated that in the presidential debates, there is "no room for ideas, [but] only for insults and fights." Pérez also said that he intends to "return love to politics, so people do not vote out of fear".[61]
- Íngrid Betancourt, former senator and member of the Oxygen Green Party. Betancourt announced her candidacy on 18 January 2022[62] and originally joined the Hope Center Coalition. However, following a dispute with fellow coalition pre-candidate Alejandro Gaviria, Betancourt declared on 29 January that she was leaving the coalition and would run as an independent candidate under her own Oxygen Green (Spanish: Verde Oxígeno) party.[63] Following a poor showing in the polls, Betancourt withdrew from the race on 20 May 2022 and endorsed Hernández Suárez.[64]
Campaign
The economist, former guerrilla, and former mayor of Bogotá,
The
The businessman and former mayor of Bucaramanga,
Debates
Media outlet and date | Location | Moderator(s) | P Present A Absent/Non invitee | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Betancourt | Fajardo | Gómez | Gutiérrez | Hernández | Pérez | Petro | Rodríguez | |||
El Tiempo – Semana
14 March 2022[98] |
Bogotá | Andrés Mompotes, Vicky Dávila |
P | A | A | P | A | A | P | A |
Red+ Noticias – El Colombiano – Vanguardia – El Heraldo – El País – El Universal – Q'Hubo Radio
17 March 2022[99] |
Antioquia | Luz María Sierra, Giovanni Celis |
P | P | A | P | A | A | A | A |
RCN Televisión – NTN24 – La República – RCN Radio – La FM
21 March 2022[100] |
Bogotá | José Manuel Acevedo, Claudia Gurisatti |
P | P | P | P | A | A | A | A |
Universidad Externado
29 March 2022[101] |
Bogotá | Karina Guerreroa, Darío Fernando Patiño |
P | A | P | A | A | P | P | P |
Pontifical Xavierian University – La Silla Vacía
31 March 2022[102] |
Bogotá | Sebastián Líppez, Juanita León |
P | P | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Canal Capital – Región Administrativa y de Planeación Especial
7 April 2022[103] |
Bogotá | Darío Restrepo, Lina Pulido |
P | P | P | A | A | P | A | P |
EAFIT University – El Espectador 3 May 2022[104] |
Medellín | Cindy Morales, Hugo García |
P | P | P | A | P | P | A | P |
Noticias Caracol 8 May 2022[105] |
Bogotá | Juan Roberto Vargas | A | P | A | P | P | A | A | A |
Caracol Radio – Canal 1 – W Radio – NotiCentro 1 CM& – ANI 10 May 2022[106] |
Medellín | Claudia Palacios, Alejandro Santos |
A | P | A | P | P | A | A | A |
El Tiempo – Semana – CityTV 23 May 2022[107] |
Bogotá | Andrés Mompotes, Vicky Dávila |
A | P | A | P | A | A | P | A |
PRISA – Caracol Radio – W Radio – Tropicana 26 May 2022[108] |
Bogotá | Roberto Pombo | A | P | A | P | A | A | P | A |
Noticias Caracol – El Espectador – Blu Radio 27 May 2022[109] |
Bogotá | Néstor Morales, Juan Roberto Vargas, María Alejandra Villamizar |
A | P | A | P | A | A | P | A |
Opinion polls
First round
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Second round
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
The polls revealed both generational and professional cleavages. Voters were more likely to vote for Petro the younger they were. The majority of employees, unemployed and students were planning to vote for Petro, while the majority of the self-employed, housewives and pensioners were planning to vote for Hernandez. The wealthier voters were, the more likely they were to vote for Hernandez.[110]
Results
Shortly after the first round, the process of judicial scrutiny commenced. The process found an increase of 0.1% votes, reportedly the lowest in Colombian history and slightly altered the final results for the initial round.
Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
Gustavo Petro | Francia Márquez (SPS) | Humane Colombia | 8,542,020 | 40.34 | 11,292,758 | 50.42 | |
Rodolfo Hernández | Marelen Castillo | Independent | 5,965,531 | 28.17 | 10,604,656 | 47.35 | |
Federico Gutiérrez | Rodrigo Lara Sánchez | Creemos Colombia | 5,069,526 | 23.94 | |||
Sergio Fajardo | Luis Gilberto Murillo (CR) | Independent Social Alliance | 885,291 | 4.18 | |||
John Milton Rodríguez | Sandra de las Lajas Torres | Colombia Justa Libres | 271,386 | 1.28 | |||
Enrique Gómez Martínez | Carlos Cuartas | National Salvation Movement | 48,643 | 0.23 | |||
Íngrid Betancourt[b] | José Luis Esparza | Oxygen Green Party | 14,161 | 0.07 | |||
Luis Pérez Gutiérrez[b] | Ceferino Mosquera | Independent | 11,507 | 0.05 | |||
Blank votes | 365,777 | 1.73 | 500,069 | 2.23 | |||
Total | 21,173,842 | 100.00 | 22,397,483 | 100.00 | |||
Valid votes | 21,173,842 | 98.75 | 22,397,483 | 98.72 | |||
Invalid votes | 268,458 | 1.25 | 291,551 | 1.28 | |||
Total votes | 21,442,300 | 100.00 | 22,689,034 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 39,002,239 | 54.98 | 39,002,239 | 58.17 | |||
Source: Registraduria (first round), Registraduria (second round), |
By department
First round
Department | Petro | Hernández | Gutiérrez | Fajardo | Rodríguez | Gómez | Betancourt | Pérez | Blank votes | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||
Amazonas | 10,117 | 46.00% | 5,734 | 26.07% | 4,487 | 20.40% | 749 | 3.40% | 216 | 0.98% | 232 | 1.05% | 43 | 0.19% | 22 | 0.10% | 391 | 1.77% | ||||
Antioquia | 682,282 | 24.03% | 521,390 | 18.36% | 1,385,565 | 48.80% | 154,470 | 5.44% | 23,970 | 0.84% | 7,553 | 0.26% | 1,825 | 0.06% | 2,966 | 0.10% | 58,875 | 2.07% | ||||
Arauca | 23,043 | 23.85% | 56,079 | 58.06% | 12,651 | 13.09% | 1,677 | 1.73% | 1,159 | 1.20% | 221 | 0.22% | 69 | 0.07% | 49 | 0.05% | 1,630 | 1.68% | ||||
Atlántico | 479,049 | 54.75% | 113,489 | 12.97% | 233,614 | 26.70% | 23,382 | 2.67% | 9,469 | 1.08% | 2,092 | 0.23% | 513 | 0.05% | 334 | 0.03% | 12,975 | 1.48% | ||||
Bogotá | 1,769,671 | 47.05% | 833,016 | 22.15% | 723,538 | 19.24% | 299,266 | 7.25% | 47,055 | 1.25% | 9,925 | 0.26% | 2,487 | 0.06% | 2,404 | 0.06% | 73,132 | 1.94% | ||||
Bolívar | 359,593 | 49.95% | 109,395 | 15.19% | 204,057 | 28.34% | 18,437 | 2.56% | 13,576 | 1.88% | 1,520 | 0.21% | 449 | 0.06% | 330 | 0.03% | 12,514 | 1.73% | ||||
Boyacá | 194,972 | 31.35% | 321,045 | 51.62% | 66,926 | 10.76% | 23,207 | 3.73% | 5,118 | 0.82% | 1,892 | 0.30% | 427 | 0.06% | 260 | 0.04% | 8,045 | 1.29% | ||||
Caldas | 131,908 | 28.51% | 147,287 | 31.83% | 136,910 | 29.59% | 29,682 | 6.41% | 4,070 | 0.87% | 1,341 | 0.28% | 613 | 0.13% | 412 | 0.08% | 10,416 | 2.25% | ||||
Caquetá | 47,959 | 33.83% | 65,399 | 46.13% | 19,807 | 13.97% | 2,757 | 1.94% | 2,202 | 1.55% | 357 | 0.25% | 170 | 0.11% | 56 | 0.03% | 3,047 | 2.14% | ||||
Casanare | 42,674 | 21.76% | 125,689 | 64.10% | 19,498 | 9.94% | 3,035 | 1.54% | 2,415 | 1.23% | 301 | 0.15% | 93 | 0.04% | 68 | 0.03% | 2,282 | 1.16% | ||||
Cauca | 388,206 | 69.86% | 56,703 | 10.20% | 73,860 | 13.29% | 13,759 | 2.47% | 10,109 | 1.81% | 1,440 | 0.25% | 579 | 0.10% | 327 | 0.05% | 10,681 | 1.92% | ||||
Cesar | 190,420 | 44.00% | 140,124 | 32.38% | 80,791 | 18.66% | 6,540 | 1.51% | 7,928 | 1.83% | 876 | 0.20% | 264 | 0.06% | 231 | 0.05% | 5,570 | 1.28% | ||||
Chocó | 96,638 | 72.44% | 9,805 | 7.34 | 18,871 | 14.14% | 3,733 | 2.79% | 1,185 | 0.88% | 579 | 0.43% | 176 | 0.13% | 127 | 0.09% | 2,290 | 1.71% | ||||
Consulates/Abroad | 95,850 | 31.60% | 42,118 | 13.88% | 136,511 | 45.01% | 23,323 | 7.69% | 1,689 | 0.55% | 754 | 0.24% | 273 | 0.09% | 118 | 0.03% | 2,628 | 0.86% | ||||
Córdoba | 318,645 | 51.91% | 95,201 | 15.51% | 172,686 | 28.13% | 9,896 | 1.61% | 7,429 | 1.21% | 1,109 | 0.18% | 245 | 0.03% | 202 | 0.03% | 8,356 | 1.36% | ||||
Cundinamarca
|
472,538 | 34.20% | 615,953 | 44.58% | 194,820 | 14.10% | 53,517 | 3.87% | 15,588 | 1.12% | 3,163 | 0.22% | 1,041 | 0.07% | 768 | 0.05% | 24,159 | 1.74% | ||||
Guainía | 4,966 | 47.22% | 2,892 | 27.50% | 1,773 | 16.86% | 527 | 5.01% | 107 | 1.01% | 39 | 0.37% | 25 | 0.23% | 7 | 0.06% | 179 | 1.70% | ||||
Guaviare | 11,198 | 36.59% | 14,534 | 47.49% | 2,953 | 9.65% | 575 | 1.87% | 519 | 1.69% | 57 | 0.18% | 20 | 0.06% | 19 | 0.06% | 725 | 2.36% | ||||
Huila | 162,609 | 32.50% | 223,473 | 44.67% | 88,155 | 17.62% | 9,898 | 1.97% | 7,246 | 1.44% | 945 | 0.18% | 266 | 0.05% | 164 | 0.03% | 7,465 | 1.49% | ||||
La Guajira | 113,489 | 54.71% | 37,587 | 18.12% | 45,779 | 22.06% | 3,379 | 1.62% | 2,812 | 1.35% | 675 | 0.32% | 279 | 0.10% | 95 | 0.04% | 3,394 | 1.63% | ||||
Magdalena | 226,501 | 49.45% | 78,368 | 17.11% | 128,355 | 28.02% | 9,007 | 1.96% | 7,324 | 1.59% | 972 | 0.21% | 300 | 0.06% | 197 | 0.04% | 6,998 | 1.52% | ||||
Meta | 135,500 | 27.95% | 253,918 | 52.37% | 69,511 | 14.33% | 10,295 | 2.12% | 7,277 | 1.50% | 961 | 0.19% | 262 | 0.05% | 183 | 0.03% | 6,861 | 1.41% | ||||
Nariño | 433,636 | 70.17% | 66,437 | 10.75% | 83,141 | 13.45% | 14,925 | 2.41% | 5,042 | 0.81% | 1,776 | 0.28% | 688 | 0.11% | 299 | 0.04% | 11,949 | 1.93% | ||||
Norte de Santander | 107,617 | 15.83% | 367,724 | 54.11% | 169,066 | 24.87% | 16,088 | 2.36% | 10,144 | 1.49% | 1,160 | 0.17% | 339 | 0.04% | 194 | 0.02% | 7,238 | 1.06% | ||||
Putumayo | 86,542 | 70.95% | 17,483 | 14.33% | 11,855 | 9.71% | 2,016 | 1.65% | 1,440 | 1.18% | 216 | 0.17% | 116 | 0.09% | 63 | 0.05% | 2,242 | 1.83% | ||||
Quindío | 84,365 | 31.07% | 80,780 | 29.75% | 82,165 | 30.26% | 13,819 | 5.08% | 2,899 | 1.06% | 599 | 0.22% | 247 | 0.09% | 151 | 0.05% | 6,480 | 2.38% | ||||
Risaralda | 164,204 | 35.42% | 147,122 | 31.37% | 112,665 | 24.30% | 22,624 | 4.88% | 5,036 | 1.08% | 1,017 | 0.21% | 506 | 0.10% | 374 | 0.08% | 9,975 | 2.15% | ||||
San Andrés and Providencia | 5,996 | 40.31% | 2,660 | 17.88% | 4,544 | 30.54% | 576 | 3.87% | 521 | 3.50% | 20 | 0.13% | 13 | 0.08% | 18 | 0.12% | 526 | 3.53% | ||||
Santander | 244,179 | 20.90% | 782,378 | 66.96% | 104,955 | 8.98% | 14,063 | 1.20% | 11,935 | 1.02% | 1,696 | 0.14% | 328 | 0.02% | 271 | 0.02% | 8,513 | 0.72% | ||||
Sucre | 198,095 | 54.52% | 40,093 | 11.03% | 103,850 | 28.58% | 5,985 | 1.64% | 9,546 | 2.62% | 807 | 0.22% | 221 | 0.06% | 110 | 0.03% | 4,572 | 1.25% | ||||
Tolima | 191,000 | 30.93% | 242,949 | 39.34% | 144,982 | 23.47% | 18,466 | 2.99% | 7,989 | 1.29% | 1,502 | 0.24% | 452 | 0.07% | 274 | 0.04% | 9,888 | 1.60% | ||||
Valle del Cauca | 1,043,911 | 53.34% | 329,898 | 16.85% | 414,439 | 21.17% | 78,108 | 3.99% | 40,934 | 2.09% | 4,631 | 0.23% | 1,542 | 0.07% | 1,237 | 0.06% | 42,246 | 2.15% | ||||
Vaupés | 4,741 | 67.59% | 1,063 | 15.15% | 763 | 10.87% | 253 | 3.60% | 30 | 0.42% | 29 | 0.41% | 26 | 0.37% | 6 | 0.08% | 103 | 1.46% | ||||
Vichada | 5,654 | 33.54% | 6,670 | 39.57% | 3,220 | 19.10% | 551 | 3.26% | 272 | 1.61% | 81 | 0.48% | 41 | 0.24% | 88 | 0.52% | 278 | 1.64% | ||||
Source: Registraduria |
Second round
Department | Petro | Hernández | Blank votes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Amazonas | 12,883 | 54.61% | 10,250 | 43.45% | 456 | 1.93% |
Antioquia | 942,005 | 33.04% | 1,822,700 | 63.93% | 86,367 | 3.02% |
Arauca | 32,082 | 30.96% | 69,473 | 67.06% | 2,041 | 1.97% |
Atlántico | 672,832 | 67.06% | 314,551 | 31.35% | 15,915 | 1.58% |
Bogotá | 2,253,997 | 58.59% | 1,480,198 | 38.48% | 112,293 | 2.91% |
Bolívar | 493,041 | 60.88% | 301,952 | 37.28% | 14,758 | 1.82% |
Boyacá | 264,270 | 40.29% | 378,899 | 57.76% | 12,718 | 1.93% |
Caldas | 187,346 | 39.81% | 267,988 | 56.95% | 15,170 | 3.22% |
Caquetá | 72,816 | 43.78% | 88,922 | 53.46% | 4,578 | 2.75% |
Casanare | 57,331 | 28.01% | 143,796 | 70.26% | 3,534 | 1.72% |
Cauca | 515,074 | 79.02% | 122,693 | 18.82% | 13,994 | 2.14% |
Cesar | 250,499 | 53.00% | 215,080 | 45.51% | 7,011 | 1.48% |
Chocó | 127,846 | 81.94% | 25,736 | 16.49% | 2,440 | 1.56% |
Consulates | 114,610 | 37.52% | 185,557 | 60.75% | 5,209 | 1.72% |
Córdoba | 437,016 | 61.08% | 266,999 | 37.31% | 11,422 | 1.59% |
Cundinamarca
|
624,965 | 44.16% | 756,454 | 53.45% | 33,608 | 2.37% |
Guainía | 6,536 | 52.51% | 5,716 | 45.92% | 195 | 1.56% |
Guaviare | 14,708 | 44.15% | 17,601 | 52.84% | 1,000 | 3.00% |
Huila | 216,533 | 40.65% | 305,799 | 57.41% | 10,318 | 1.93% |
La Guajira | 162,849 | 64.56% | 85,101 | 33.73% | 4,284 | 1.69% |
Magdalena | 302,432 | 60.22% | 191,500 | 38.13% | 8,262 | 1.64% |
Meta | 180,293 | 36.34% | 307,137 | 61.69% | 9,770 | 1.96% |
Nariño | 592,170 | 80.91% | 126,198 | 17.24% | 13,490 | 1.84% |
Norte de Santander | 149,413 | 20.86% | 557,406 | 77.84% | 9,223 | 1.28% |
Putumayo | 110,118 | 79.67% | 25,549 | 18.48% | 2,534 | 1.83% |
Quindío | 113,537 | 41.50% | 151,653 | 55.44% | 8,341 | 3.04% |
Risaralda | 216,227 | 46.16% | 238,963 | 51.01% | 13,188 | 2.81% |
San Andrés and Providencia | 8,545 | 51.31% | 7,449 | 44.73% | 659 | 3.95% |
Santander | 310,240 | 25.97% | 871,291 | 72.95% | 12,802 | 1.07% |
Sucre | 262,135 | 64.07% | 140,507 | 34.34% | 6,485 | 1.58% |
Tolima | 251,710 | 38.53% | 388,640 | 59.49% | 12,832 | 1.96% |
Valle del Cauca | 1,310,236 | 63.85% | 695,059 | 33.87% | 46,605 | 2.27% |
Vaupés | 6,447 | 74.03% | 2,148 | 24.66% | 113 | 1.29% |
Vichada | 7,634 | 39.36% | 11,447 | 59.02% | 312 | 1.60% |
Source: Registraduria |
Abroad vote
First round
Country | Petro % | Hernández % | Gutiérrez % | Fajardo % | Rodríguez % | Gómez % | Betancourt % | Pérez % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Algeria | – | – | 50.00 | 50.00 | – | – | – | – |
Argentina | 63.62 | 12.16 | 15.88 | 6.26 | 0.63 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
Australia | 54.50 | 16.82 | 15.99 | 10.51 | 0.43 | 0.16 | 0.05 | – |
Austria | 58.58 | 8.28 | 17.90 | 13.52 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.12 |
Azerbaijan | 38.09 | 9.52 | 38.09 | 14.28 | – | – | – | – |
Belgium | 55.42 | 9.19 | 21.51 | 11.79 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.06 |
Bolivia | 30.81 | 21.22 | 41.02 | 4.48 | 1.02 | 0.81 | – | – |
Brazil | 52.71 | 11.16 | 25.16 | 9.32 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
Canada | 36.93 | 14.60 | 36.39 | 10.03 | 0.52 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
Chile | 49.36 | 16.67 | 25.24 | 6.09 | 0.79 | 0.43 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
China | 45.16 | 11.98 | 28.11 | 11.52 | – | – | 0.46 | – |
Costa Rica | 21.27 | 15.45 | 54.82 | 7.21 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
Cuba | 74.58 | 11.66 | 10.62 | 1.66 | 0.20 | 0.20 | – | – |
Denmark | 56.98 | 4.46 | 17.31 | 20.39 | 0.27 | – | – | – |
Dominican Republic | 19.64 | 13.79 | 54.62 | 9.39 | 0.84 | 0.46 | 0.15 | 0.07 |
Ecuador | 30.64 | 17.96 | 42.44 | 5.45 | 0.94 | 0.54 | 0.41 | 0.15 |
Egypt | 48.48 | 6.00 | 30.30 | 15.15 | – | – | – | – |
El Salvador | 22.22 | 12.45 | 53.53 | 9.76 | 1.01 | – | – | – |
Finland | 62.12 | 8.53 | 16.26 | 10.56 | 0.40 | – | – | – |
France | 57.67 | 10.47 | 16.99 | 13.04 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Germany | 59.40 | 7.26 | 14.21 | 17.07 | 0.36 | 0.24 | 0.10 | – |
Ghana | 32.43 | 13.51 | 32.43 | 16.21 | – | – | – | – |
Guatemala | 15.82 | 16.57 | 56.62 | 8.61 | 0.64 | 0.43 | – | 0.21 |
Honduras | 21.80 | 13.82 | 55.85 | 7.97 | – | – | – | – |
Hungary | 62.24 | 9.18 | 16.83 | 9.69 | 1.02 | – | 0.51 | 0.51 |
India | 34.78 | 4.34 | 47.82 | 8.69 | – | – | – | – |
Indonesia | 36.00 | 8.00 | 34.00 | 20.00 | – | – | – | – |
Ireland | 41.60 | 11.31 | 29.19 | 16.78 | – | 0.36 | 0.36 | – |
Israel | 25.94 | 19.24 | 46.23 | 5.23 | 1.67 | 0.41 | – | – |
Italy | 43.21 | 16.97 | 27.00 | 10.21 | 0.48 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.10 |
Jamaica | 15.47 | 20.23 | 46.42 | 11.90 | 2.38 | – | – | – |
Japan | 39.56 | 9.03 | 37.07 | 10.28 | 1.55 | 0.62 | 0.62 | – |
Kenya | 41.66 | 5.55 | 33.33 | 19.44 | – | – | – | – |
Lebanon | 6.04 | 12.08 | 71.81 | 6.71 | 0.67 | 1.34 | – | – |
Luxembourg | 35.59 | 11.86 | 22.03 | 26.27 | 0.84 | 0.84 | – | – |
Malaysia | 24.65 | 20.54 | 39.72 | 12.32 | – | – | – | – |
Mexico | 35.67 | 10.13 | 40.65 | 11.93 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
Morocco | 47.82 | 4.34 | 17.39 | 30.43 | – | – | – | – |
Netherlands | 31.32 | 18.35 | 39.55 | 8.93 | 0.61 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.12 |
New Zealand | 50.18 | 17.09 | 16.72 | 12.30 | 0.36 | 0.24 | 0.12 | – |
Nicaragua | 23.91 | 20.65 | 57.17 | 3.26 | – | – | – | – |
Norway | 60.46 | 7.97 | 15.94 | 13.28 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | – |
Panama | 21.52 | 16.27 | 52.73 | 7.47 | 0.74 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 0.02 |
Paraguay | 19.81 | 17.11 | 51.35 | 8.10 | 1.80 | – | – | 0.45 |
Peru | 26.78 | 17.12 | 43.29 | 10.44 | 0.94 | 0.37 | 0.12 | 0.04 |
Philippines | 31.81 | 18.18 | 30.30 | 15.15 | – | – | 1.51 | – |
Poland | 62.67 | 8.61 | 17.70 | 8.13 | – | 1.91 | – | – |
Portugal | 49.12 | 11.72 | 24.72 | 11.25 | 0.95 | 0.47 | – | – |
Russia | 78.18 | 9.69 | 9.09 | 1.81 | – | – | – | – |
Singapore | 21.85 | 11.92 | 40.39 | 23.17 | – | – | 0.66 | – |
South Africa | 32.18 | 4.59 | 48.27 | 12.64 | – | – | – | – |
South Korea | 47.16 | 13.20 | 22.64 | 13.83 | – | 0.62 | – | – |
Spain | 47.59 | 16.28 | 27.22 | 6.39 | 0.77 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.05 |
Sweden | 60.77 | 8.14 | 17.87 | 11.12 | 0.79 | 0.29 | 0.09 | – |
Switzerland | 49.36 | 8.59 | 28.42 | 11.93 | 0.51 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.03 |
Thailand | 34.78 | 15.94 | 24.63 | 24.63 | – | – | – | – |
Trinidad and Tobago | 30.00 | 20.00 | 35.00 | 11.66 | – | – | 1.66 | – |
Turkey | 61.83 | 3.05 | 28.24 | 5.34 | 1.52 | – | – | – |
United Arab Emirates | 14.52 | 40.50 | 39.62 | 4.52 | – | 0.12 | – | – |
United Kingdom | 40.01 | 16.03 | 31.21 | 10.71 | 0.56 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.06 |
United States | 16.12 | 11.97 | 64.28 | 6.31 | 0.44 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
Uruguay | 50.47 | 15.37 | 22.58 | 9.10 | 0.37 | 0.75 | – | – |
Venezuela | 14.43 | 34.36 | 44.87 | 3.46 | 1.40 | 0.53 | 0.09 | 0.03 |
Vietnam | 50.00 | 7.69 | 15.38 | 19.23 | – | 3.84 | – | – |
Source: Registraduria |
Second round
Country | Petro % | Hernández % | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Algeria | 33.33 | 50.00 | ||||||
Argentina | 72.45 | 25.75 | ||||||
Australia | 65.72 | 31.59 | ||||||
Austria | 72.68 | 24.06 | ||||||
Azerbaijan | 42.10 | 52.63 | ||||||
Belgium | 67.22 | 30.14 | ||||||
Bolivia | 35.28 | 63.70 | ||||||
Brazil | 62.47 | 35.96 | ||||||
Canada | 44.94 | 52.70 | ||||||
Chile | 56.95 | 41.17 | ||||||
China | 50.00 | 44.26 | ||||||
Costa Rica | 25.47 | 72.88 | ||||||
Cuba | 81.48 | 17.23 | ||||||
Denmark | 73.82 | 22.05 | ||||||
Dominican Republic | 26.56 | 70.96 | ||||||
Ecuador | 37.65 | 60.47 | ||||||
Egypt | 57.50 | 42.50 | ||||||
El Salvador | 29.96 | 66.44 | ||||||
Finland | 73.14 | 24.07 | ||||||
France | 70.12 | 27.30 | ||||||
Ghana | 51.61 | 38.70 | ||||||
Germany | 74.38 | 23.08 | ||||||
Guatemala | 23.18 | 74.58 | ||||||
Honduras | 25.26 | 73.15 | ||||||
Hungary | 76.41 | 20.51 | ||||||
India | 35.00 | 35.00 | ||||||
Indonesia | 50.00 | 47.82 | ||||||
Ireland | 55.47 | 41.50 | ||||||
Israel | 31.77 | 64.83 | ||||||
Italy | 54.09 | 43.47 | ||||||
Jamaica | 26.13 | 72.72 | ||||||
Japan | 49.40 | 47.92 | ||||||
Kenya | 62.50 | 37.50 | ||||||
Lebanon | 17.47 | 81.55 | ||||||
Luxembourg | 56.25 | 37.50 | ||||||
Malaysia | 36.50 | 61.90 | ||||||
Morocco | 43.47 | 30.43 | ||||||
Mexico | 43.19 | 54.07 | ||||||
Nicaragua | 25.96 | 71.15 | ||||||
Norway | 68.91 | 28.04 | ||||||
New Zealand | 64.41 | 31.88 | ||||||
Netherlands | 39.08 | 58.96 | ||||||
Panama | 27.66 | 70.92 | ||||||
Paraguay | 24.65 | 73.51 | ||||||
Peru | 34.15 | 63.98 | ||||||
Poland | 68.50 | 29.50 | ||||||
Portugal | 62.09 | 36.37 | ||||||
Philippines | 49.12 | 45.61 | ||||||
Russia | 84.75 | 13.41 | ||||||
Singapore | 34.04 | 61.70 | ||||||
South Africa | 33.33 | 64.19 | ||||||
South Korea | 64.18 | 33.10 | ||||||
Spain | 55.93 | 41.95 | ||||||
Sweden | 68.67 | 28.76 | ||||||
Switzerland | 59.22 | 38.74 | ||||||
Thailand | 50.98 | 43.13 | ||||||
Trinidad and Tobago | 36.50 | 60.31 | ||||||
Turkey | 67.21 | 31.96 | ||||||
United Arab Emirates | 17.83 | 80.79 | ||||||
United Kingdom | 47.60 | 50.01 | ||||||
United States | 19.20 | 79.73 | ||||||
Uruguay | 59.13 | 38.11 | ||||||
Venezuela | 18.77 | 80.19 | ||||||
Vietnam | 53.84 | 38.46 | ||||||
Source: Registraduria |
Aftermath
Hernández called Petro to congratulate him on his victory. He also encouraged Petro to remain committed to the "anti-corruption discourse". Hernández and Marelen Castillo also thanked Colombians that voted for them.[112] Castillo announced shortly after the election that she would accept a seat in the chamber of representatives reserved for the second-place vice presidential candidate. She also encouraged Hernández to take a senate seat, although he was still to decide.[113] On 23 June, Hernández announced that he would become a senator.[114] President Iván Duque called Petro to congratulate him; he also pledged to carry out a smooth transition.[115]
International state reactions
- Argentina: President Alberto Fernández and Vice President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner both congratulated Petro and Márquez. President Fernández added that "[their] victory reafirms democracy and reasures the path toward a united Latin America".[116]
- Brazil: President Jair Bolsonaro did not congratulate Petro following his victory and criticized a speech by Petro where he advocated for the release of detained protestors. Bolsonaro used the speech to criticize left-wing opponent Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, stating: "Did you see today's speech by the new president of Colombia? 'Release all the boys in prison, everyone'. Lula is going to release the little boys who killed someone for a cell phone to have a beer."[117]
- Canada: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau congratulated Petro and Márquez, noting that the latter was "the first Afro-Colombian to take on the role". Trudeau also added that he is "looking forward to working with both on priorities like democracy, gender equality, and climate action".[118]
- Chile: President Gabriel Boric congratulated Petro and called his victory "joy" for Latin America. Boric also congratulated Márquez and invited Petro to "work together for the unity of [Latin America] in a rapidly changing world."[119]
- China: President Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory message to Petro, stating that the relationship between Colombia and China is at "a new starting point," expressed his willingness to work with Petro to "deepen mutual political trust," "practical cooperation" and "work on the further development of bilateral relations." Petro, via his Twitter account "thanked the President of China for his words, assuring "a productive relationship between Colombia and China based on overcoming the climate crisis and building fair and decarbonised economies."[120][121]
- Costa Rica: President Rodrigo Chaves Robles posted on Twitter, "congratulations to the President-elect of Colombia, Mr Gustavo Petro and his Vice-President Ms Francia Márquez, for [their] triumph, in a democratic and free process. Our best wishes to the Colombian people, with whom we wish a magnificent relationship."[122]
- Dominican Republic: President Luis Abinader congratulated Petro on Twitter and praised the "civility shown on this day that supports democracy" and credited the electoral authorities for ensuring the election was "organised and peaceful".[123]
- Cuba: President Miguel Díaz-Canel congratulated Petro and posted on Twitter, "I express my fraternal congratulations to Gustavo Petro on his election as President of Colombia in a historic popular victory". Díaz-Canel also expressed interest in expanding bilateral relations between Colombia and Cuba. The Cuban foreign minister, Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla, also congratulated Petro. Rodríguez described the electoral triumph as a significant win for upholding peace in Colombia.[124]
- Ecuador: President Guillermo Lasso called Petro to congratulate him. Lasso said he looked forward to strengthening "friendship...cooperation [and] development" between Colombia and Ecuador.[125]
- European Union: The High Representative for Foreign Affairs Josep Borrell congratulated Petro, saying that "Colombia is a key partner for the EU" and that the president-elect can "count on the European Union" to continue strengthening their partnership. He also added that the Colombian election was "a vote for political change and a more egalitarian and inclusive society".[126]
- Haiti: Acting President Ariel Henry congratulated Petro and Márquez via Twitter and wrote, "I would like to extend my sincere congratulations to Mr Gustavo Petro on his victory in the presidential elections in Colombia. I wish you success, as well as your vice-president, Ms Francia Márquez."[126]
- Honduras: President Xiomara Castro posted on Twitter, "On behalf of the people of Honduras, I congratulate the brave people of Colombia for choosing the historic social change represented today by President-elect Gustavo Petro."[127]
- Mexico: President Andrés Manuel López Obrador described Petro's victory as a "historic event" and that it bought about an end to a period of "domination." Obrador also characterised Petro's triumph as a win for the "progressive bloc".[128]
- Panama: In a social media post, President Laurentino Cortizo stated, "On behalf of Panama, I congratulate the president-elect of Colombia, Gustavo Petro, on his arrival at the Casa de Nariño."[129]
- Paraguay: President Mario Abdo Benítez congratulated Petro on Twitter, writing, "Our congratulations to Gustavo Petro as the new president-elect of the Republic of Colombia and to the brotherly Colombian people for this exemplary election day that reaffirms their democratic commitment."[126]
- Peru: President Pedro Castillo said he spoke with Petro to congratulate him on his "historic democratic victory", adding that he and Petro are "united by a common feeling that seeks collective, social and regional integration improvements for our peoples"[130]
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: President Brahim Ghali expressed his congratulations to Petro for his election. Ghali also stated that "His election and the actual development of the elections constitute further proof of the strength of Colombian democracy".[131]
- Spain: Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez expressed his "best wishes" for Petro and Márquez. He also assured, "We will continue to strengthen the ties that unite us".[126]
- United States: Secretary of State Antony Blinken spoke with Petro to congratulate him on his election and discuss collaboration on issues such as "climate change, improv[ing] public health, and advanc[ing] inclusive economic opportunity". Blinken also noted "U.S. support for full implementation of Colombia's commitments under the 2016 Peace Accord".[132] President Joe Biden also spoke with Petro to congratulate him. Biden noted that he "looks forward to working with the President-elect to continue strengthening bilateral cooperation, including on climate change, health security, and implementation of the 2016 Peace Accord" and discussed "bilateral security and counternarcotics cooperation". They also "agreed to have their teams follow up and engage directly on shared interests".[133]
- Uruguay: President Luis Lacalle Pou called Petro to congratulate him. The Uruguayan ministry of foreign affairs wished Petro "success in his future management" and applauded the "exemplary electoral process".[134]
- Venezuela: President Nicolás Maduro congratulated Petro on his victory, saying: "I congratulate Gustavo Petro and Francia Marquez, for the historic victory in the presidential elections in Colombia. The will of the Colombian people was heard, who came out to defend the path of democracy and peace. New times are on the horizon for this brother country."[135]
Other international reactions
Peruvian writer, politician, and Nobel laureate
See also
Notes
References
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El candidato que le siga en votos a quien la autoridad electoral declare elegido en el cargo de Presidente y Vicepresidente de la República, Gobernador de Departamento, Alcalde Distrital y Alcalde municipal tendrá el derecho personal a ocupar una curul en el Senado, Cámara de Representantes, Asamblea Departamental, Concejo Distrital y Concejo Municipal, respectivamente, durante el período de la correspondiente corporación.
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- ^ "Colombia: al menos 19 muertos y más de 800 heridos en las protestas contra la reforma fiscal". BBC Mundo (in Spanish). 3 May 2021. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
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- ^ Taub, Amanda (19 May 2021). "From Colombia to U.S., Police Violence Pushes Protests Into Mass Movements". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
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