Macau Government Cantonese Romanization
Romanization of Chinese |
---|
Mandarin |
Wu |
Yue |
Min |
Gan |
Hakka |
Xiang |
Polylectal |
See also |
The Macau Government Cantonese Romanization (
The Macau Government romanization of Cantonese uses a similar convention to that of the Hong Kong Government's but is based on Portuguese pronunciation rather than English, given the colonial history of Macau.[2] Therefore, the two governmental standards have differing orthographies for the same Cantonese pronunciation; for instance, the place name known as 石排灣 in Chinese is romanized as Seac Pai Van in Macau but as Shek Pai Wan in Hong Kong.
Usage
For most of Macau's colonial history, the Portuguese government lacked a consistent way of romanizing Cantonese into Portuguese but adopted a de facto standard for transliterating proper names such as geographical locations and surnames. The 1985 publication of the Silabário Codificado de Romanização do Cantonense created a phonetic table and tonal chart of Cantonese based on Portuguese phonology and afterwards became the basis for Cantonese to Portuguese romanization. Prior to this adoption, individuals who studied or conducted business frequently in nearby British Hong Kong would have a tendency to adopt an English-based Hong Kong transliteration for romanizing Cantonese.[3]
Orthography
While the system is not officially standardized, the Macau Government romanization system more or less follows consistent patterns and uses the
Consanants
Initials
IPA | Macau gov. |
Jyutping | Yale
|
HKG |
---|---|---|---|---|
pʰ | p | p | p | p |
p | p | b | b | p |
tʰ | t | t | t | t |
t | t | d | d | t |
kʰ | k | k | k | k |
k | k | g | g | k |
kʰw | ku | kw | kw | kw |
kw | ku | gw | gw | kw |
m | m | m | m | m |
n | n | n | n | n |
ŋ | ng | ng | ng | ng |
l | l | l | l | l |
f | f | f | f | f |
s | s | s | s | s, sh |
h | h | h | h | h |
j | i | j | y | y |
w | v, w* | w | w | w |
tsʰ | ch | c | ch | ch, ts |
ts | ch | z | j | ch, ts |
Finals
IPA | Macau gov. |
Jyutping | Yale
|
HKG |
---|---|---|---|---|
-p | -p | -p | -p | -p |
-t | -t | -t | -t | -t |
-k | -c, -k* | -k | -k | -k |
-m | -m | -m | -m | -m |
-n | -n | -n | -n | -n |
-ŋ | -ng | -ng | -ng | -ng |
Note: *Denotes non-governmental standard but may be used as an alternative
Vowels, diphthongs, and syllabic consonants
IPA | Macau gov. |
Jyutping | Yale
|
HKG |
---|---|---|---|---|
aː | a, ah | aa | aa | a, ah |
ɐ | e | a | a | a, o, u |
ɛː/e | e | e | e | e |
iː | i | i | i | i, ze, ee |
o | o, e | o | o | o |
uː | u | u | u | u, oo |
œː | eu | oe | eu | eu, eo |
ɵ | eu | eo | eu | u |
yː | iu | yu | yu | yu, u, ue |
aːj | ai | aai | aai | ai |
ɐj | ai | ai | ai | ai |
aːw | ao | aau | aau | au |
ɐw | ao | au | au | au |
ej | ei | ei | ei | ei, ee, ay, ai, i |
iːw | io | iu | iu | iu |
ɔːj | oi | oi | oi | oi, oy |
uːj | ui | ui | ui | ui |
ɵj | oi | eoi | eui | ui |
ow | ou | ou | ou | o |
m̩ | m | m | m | |
ŋ̩ | ng | ng | ng | ng |
References
- ^ Cheng, Siu-Pong and Tang, Sze-Wing. The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language: Cantonese Romanization (London: Routledge, 2016), p.42.
- ^ Cheng, Siu-Pong and Tang, Sze-Wing. The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language: Cantonese Romanization (London: Routledge, 2016), p.48.
- ^ Cheng, Siu-Pong 鄭兆邦 (2014). "Gǎng'ào liǎng dì de zhèngfǔ yuèyǔ pīnyīn" 港澳兩地的政府粵語拼音 [Hong Kong and Macau Differences in Official Cantonese Transliteration] (PDF). Newsletter of Chinese Language (in Chinese). 93 (1): 27.
- ^ Cheng, Siu-Pong and Tang, Sze-Wing. The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language: Cantonese Romanization (London: Routledge, 2016), p.49.
External links
- Portaria no. 1 081-A, of 30 March 1933, regarding a Portuguese romanization method for Chinese characters, published in the Official Gazette of Macau, no. 17 of 1933, pages 408–411 (in Portuguese) via archives.gov.mo
- Decree-Law no. 88/85/M, approving the Cantonese romanization codified syllabary, as published in the Official Gazette of Macau, no. 40/1985 (in Portuguese) via bo.io.gov.mo