Madhesh Province
Madhesh Province
Madhēśa pradēśa मधेश प्रदेश | ||
---|---|---|
Clockwise from top: Janaki Mandir, Gateway of Nepal Birgunj, Gadhimai Temple, Chinnamasta Bhagawati Temple and Kankalini Temple | ||
Province of | GDP US$ 6.9 billion (2023) | |
Per Capita Income | US$ 1072 | |
Website | madhesh |
Madhesh Province is a province of Nepal in the Terai region with an area of 9,661 km2 (3,730 sq mi) covering about 6.5% of the country's total area. It has a population of 6,126,288 as per the 2021 Nepal census, making it Nepal's most densely populated province and the smallest province by area.[4][5] It borders
state to the south and the west. The border between Chitwan National Park and Parsa National Park acts as the provincial boundary in the west, and the Kosi River forms the provincial border in the east. The province includes eight districts, from Parsa in the west to Saptari in the east.It is a centre for religious and cultural tourism.[6]
Etymology
The word madhesh is thought to be derived from the
Madhesh has also been defined as the cultural and linguistic space existing as a basis for identity among the people of the Terai.[12]History
Madhesh Province was founded with the provisional name Province No. 2 in September 2015 in accordance with Schedule 4 of the Constitution of Nepal.[13] It received its current name on 17 January 2022, when the provincial assembly declared Janakpur as its capital.[14]
Demographics
According to the 2021 Nepal census, the province has a population of 6,114,600: 3,065,751 males and 3,048,849 females. The province with 20.97% of the country's population has the second-highest population after Bagmati Province in the country, and is the densest province in the country with a density of 633 people per square kilometre.[3]
Ethnic groups
Languages
Religion
Hinduism is the most followed religion in the province being followed by 83.75% of the population. Islam is the second largest religion with 12.9% of the population being Muslims and Buddhism is followed by 3.01% of the population.[16]
Geography
As per Central Bureau of Statistics, Madhesh Province covers about 9,661 km2 (3,730 sq mi) of Nepal's total area of 147,516 km2 (56,956 sq mi). With 6,114,600 inhabitants as of 2021, it is Nepal's second most populous province.[3][18] Madhesh Province is surrounded by the Chitwan District to the west, Makwanpur District and Sindhuli District and Udayapur District to the north, Sunsari District to the east, and India to the south.[19] It is located in the
The province has 574,360 hectares of arable land, making it the country's most agriculture-dominated province. The west of the province contains part of Parsa National Park, while part of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve lies within the east. The province is biodiverse, and is crossed by migrating elephants.[20]
Rank | District | Pop. | Rank | District | Pop. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Birgunj Janakpur |
1 | Birgunj | Parsa | 240,922 | 11 | Bardibas | Mahottari | 66,354 | Jeetpur Simara
|
2 | Janakpur | Dhanusha | 159,468 | 12 | Ishwarpur | Sarlahi | 59,986 | ||
3 | Kalaiya | Bara | 123,659 | 13 | Lalbandi | Sarlahi | 59,395 | ||
4 | Jeetpur Simara |
Bara | 117,496 | 14 | Jaleshwor |
Mahottari | 58,549 | ||
5 | Lahan | Siraha | 91,766 | 15 | Mahagadhimai | Bara | 54,474 | ||
6 | Siraha | Siraha | 82,531 | 16 | Golbazar |
Siraha | 51,137 | ||
7 | Chandrapur | Rautahat | 72,059 | 17 | Garuda | Rautahat | 50,481 | ||
8 | Barahathwa | Sarlahi | 69,822 | 18 | Mirchaiya | Siraha | 50,079 | ||
9 | Rajbiraj | Saptari | 69,086 | 19 | Simraungadh |
Bara | 49,939 | ||
10 | Gaushala |
Mahottari | 66,673 | 20 | Manara Shiswa | Mahottari | 49,692 |
Climate
Location | August
(°F) |
August
(°C) |
January
(°F) |
January
(°C) |
Annual
Precipitation (mm/in) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gaur | 91/77.9 | 23/9.1 | 73.4/48.4 | 32.8/25.5 | 1590.2/62.6 |
Siraha | 89.6/76.3 | 32/24.6 | 72.1/47.3 | 22.3/8.5 | 1293.1/50.9 |
Birgunj | 84.7 | 29.3 | 60.8 | 16 | 1862.2/73.3 |
Jaleshwar | 84.4 | 29.1 | 61.2 | 16.2 | 1492.9/58.8 |
Malangawa
|
84.4 | 29.1 | 60.8 | 16 | 1817.7/71.6 |
Janakpur
|
84.2 | 29 | 60.8 | 16 | 1516.5/59.7 |
Rajbiraj | 83.3 | 28.5 | 60.4 | 15.8 | 1223.3/48.2 |
Lahan
|
83.3 | 28.5 | 60.3 | 15.7 | 1231.4/48.5 |
Government and administration
Executive
The Governor acts as the head of the province while the Chief Minister is the head of the provincial government. The present Governor and Chief Minister are Hari Shankar Mishra and Saroj Yadav respectively.[22][23]
Legislative
The province has 107
Madhesh Province has a
Party | Parliamentary party leader | Seats | |
---|---|---|---|
People's Socialist Party, Nepal | Mohammad Lalbabu Raut
|
39 | |
Nepali Congress | Ram Saroj Yadav | 22 | |
Loktantrik Samajbadi Party, Nepal | Jitendra Prasad Sonal | 16 | |
CPN(Unified Socialist) | Satrudhan Mahato | 13 | |
CPN(UML) | Satya Narayan Mandal | 8 | |
CPN(Maoist centre) | Bharat Sah | 8 | |
Nepal Federal Socialist Party | Sabitri Devi Shah | 1 | |
Total | 107 |
Judiciary
The Chief Judge of the Janakpur High Court is the head of the judiciary.[26] The acting chief justice is Binod Sharma.[27]
Administrative subdivisions
Madhesh Province is divided into eight districts, which are listed below. A district is administrated by the head of the
Name | Headquarters | Population (2011) |
---|---|---|
Sarlahi District | Malangawa
|
769,729 |
Dhanusha District | Janakpur
|
754,777 |
Bara District | Kalaiya | 687,708 |
Rautahat District | Gaur | 686,722 |
Saptari District | Rajbiraj | 639,284 |
Siraha District | Siraha | 637,328 |
Mahottari District | Jaleshwar | 627,580 |
Parsa District | Birgunj | 601,017 |
Local level government
Party | Head | Deputy Head | Ward Chair | Ward Members | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nepali Congress | 48 | 57 | 429 | 1,692 | 2,226 | |
CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
|
30 | 27 | 274 | 1,137 | 1,468 | |
People's Socialist Party, Nepal | 25 | 26 | 226 | 930 | 1,207 | |
Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal | 14 | 10 | 87 | 372 | 483 | |
CPN (Maoist Centre) | 9 | 9 | 139 | 523 | 680 | |
CPN (Unified Socialist) | 6 | 5 | 80 | 310 | 401 | |
Janamat Party | 2 | 1 | 13 | 46 | 62 | |
Bibeksheel Sajha Party | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 11 | |
Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party | 1 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 12 | |
Rastriya Prajatantra Party | 0 | 0 | 6 | 24 | 30 | |
Bahujan Ekata Party Nepal | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | |
Nepal Loktantrik Party | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | |
Nepal Janata Party | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | |
Nepal Susashan Party | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
Bahujan Shakti Party | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Nepal Sadbhwana Party | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Independents
|
0 | 0 | 8 | 12 | 34 | |
Total | 136 | 136 | 1,271 | 5,078 | 6,621 | |
Source: Election Commission of Nepal[16] (2022 election) |
Infrastructure
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2023) |
Transport
Madhesh Province has no difficult terrains which seems to be good for infrastructure development however it is prone to flooding and submerging. It is the only province with a passenger serviceable railway line in Nepal.
Roadways
The major connecting link for the province is the
- Mahendra Highway (East West Highway) - Part
- Postal Highway - Part
- Tribhuvan Highway - Part
- BP Highway - part
Railways
A few other railway projects are under progress in the Madesh province All these projects are of
- Birgunj (Nepal) to Kathmandu (Nepal)
- Parwanipur (Nepal) to Raxaul(India)
- Kerung(China)
- Janakpur (Nepal) to Lhasa (China)
- Bardibas, Janakpur (Nepal) to Jainagar, Bihar (India)
- Janakpur (Nepal) to Kathmandu (Nepal)
- Janakpur (Nepal) to Biratnagar (Nepal)
- Janakpur (Nepal) to Birgunj (Nepal)
Domestic Airports: Madhesh province has three domestic airports in use which are the busiest among the country.
- Rajbiraj Airport in Rajbiraj
- Janakpur Airport in Janakpur
- Simara Airport in Pipara Simara (BARA) close to Birgunj and Kalaiya
International Airport:
- Nijgadh International Airport in Nijgadh is under construction.
Culture
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2023) |
Mithila Paag
The Paag is a headdress in the
Paintings
Madhubani art is practiced in the Mithila region. It was traditionally created by the women of different communities of the Mithila region.[32] This painting as a form of wall art was practiced widely throughout the region; the more recent development of painting on paper and canvas originated among the villages around Madhubani, and it is these latter developments that may correctly be referred to as Madhubani art.[33]
Artists create these paintings using a variety of mediums, including their own fingers, or twigs, brushes, nib-pens, and matchsticks. The paint is created using natural dyes and pigments. The paintings are characterised by their eye-catching geometrical patterns.
Cuisine
Maithil cuisine and Bhojpuri cuisine are part of Nepalese cuisine. Maithil is a culinary style which originated in Mithila while Bhojpuri cuisine originated in the Bhojpuri region of Madhesh.[34] Some traditional dishes of Madhesh are:
- Curd-flattened rice
- Litti Chokha[35]
- Vegetable of Taro
- Ghugni
- pickles made of fruits and vegetables which are generally mixed with ingredients like salt, spices, and vegetable oils and are set to mature in a moistureless medium.
- Tarua of Coccinia grandis
- Bada
- Badee
- Yogurt
- Irhar
- Pidukia ( also known as Gujia) which is basically dumplings.
- Foxnutpayas
- Anarsa
- Bagiya
Dances
Jhijhiya
Jhijhiya is a cultural dance from the Mithila region.[36]
Jhijhiya is mostly performed at time of Dusshera, in dedication to Durga Bhairavi, the goddess of victory.[37] While performing jhijhiya, women put lanterns made of clay on their head and they balance it while they dance.[38]
Domkach
Domkach is a folk dance performed in Mithila and Bhojpur regions of Madhesh Province.[39]
Jat Jatin
Jat Jatin is based on folk songs of Mithila and Tharu community which they perform from Shrawan Purnima to Bhadra Purnima. It is based on the love story of hero jat and heroine Jatin and their lives.[40]
Gauna dance
The Dance is based in Mithila Tradition and popular in Janakpur region of Nepal. This dance is performed in the religious occasions.
Politics
As a political center of the country, Madhesh Province is home to prominent leaders like
Notable people
- Ruby Rana, First Miss Nepal
- Ram Baran Yadav, First President of Nepal
- Bimalendra Nidhi, MP and Former deputy prime minister
- CK Raut, MP of Saptari and Head of Janamat party
- Madhav Kumar Nepal, Former Prime minister
- Upendra Yadav, Former Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister
- VTEN, Rapper
- Pradeep Giri, Former socialist politician
- Bina Jaiswal, Nepalese Politician, Rastriya Prajatantra party
- Aashiq Ali Mikrani, martyr of the Terai/Madhesh movement
See also
- Provinces of Nepal
- List of districts in Nepal
- Mahendra Narayan Nidhi Awas Yojana
- Nepali Congress, Madhesh Province.
- Madhesh Province cricket team
References
- ^ "Breaking ! प्रदेश २ को स्थायी राजधानी 'जनकपुरधाम' बहुमतले पारित !".
- ^ "Government recommends Hari Shankar Mishra as provincial chief of Province 2". The Kathmandu Post. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
- ^ a b c "2021 Nepal census". Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal).
- ^ "National Population and Housing Census 2011" (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
- ^ "सबैभन्दा बढी जनसंख्या हुने प्रदेश मधेश". ekantipur.com (in Nepali). Retrieved 26 January 2022.
- ^ Rastriya Samachar Samiti (2004). "More Indian tourists visit Janakpurdham". Himalayan Times, 17 January 2004.
- ^ "Lalbabu Raut to be sworn in Province 2 CM today". The Himalayan Times. 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
- ^ Kabir 2013, p. 11.
- ^ Apte, V. S. (1957–1959). "मध्य madhya". Revised and enlarged edition of Prin. V. S. Apte's The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary. Poona: Prasad Prakashan.[permanent dead link]
- JSTOR 44148000.
- ^ "Nepal Conflict Alert". www.crisisgroup.org. 2 September 2015.
- JSTOR 44145716.
- ^ "Formation of provinces in Nepal" (PDF). Office of Attorney General (Nepal).
- ^ "Janakpurdham declared Province 2 capital (With video)". Nepal Press. 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "National Data Portal Nepal". Government of Nepal National Data. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ a b c "National Data Portal Nepal". Government of Nepal National Data. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "सरकारी कामकाजको भाषाका आधारहरूको निर्धारण तथा भाषासम्बन्धी सिफारिसहरू (पञ्चवर्षीय प्रतिवेदन- साराांश) २०७८" (PDF). Language Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
- ^ Law, G. (2015). "Provinces of Nepal". statoids.com. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
- ^ "Big 3 draw new 7-province map". Republica. 22 August 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
- ^ Abhaya Raj Joshi (13 November 2023). "Nepal's Madhesh province lacks in biodiversity research & conservation". Mongabay. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ "Nepal Travel Weather Averages". Weatherbase. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
- ^ "Lalbabu Raut appointed as Chief Minister of Province-2". My Republica. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "President of Nepal administers oath to Chiefs of seven provinces". ddnews.gov.in. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "CDC creates 495 constituencies". The Himalayan Times. 31 August 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "First Provincial Assembly meeting begins in 4 provinces". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "High Courts get their chief judges". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "उच्च अदालत जनकपुर". Supreme Court Nepal. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "स्थानिय तह". 103.69.124.141. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ISBN 9781858288994.
- ^ "Highways in Nepal". Archived from the original on 26 January 2010.
- ^ "Nepal,India agree on five rail projects". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
- ISBN 9788170171560. Archivedfrom the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
- ^ Carolyn Brown Heinz, 2006, "Documenting the Image in Mithila Art," Visual Anthropology Review, Vol. 22, Issue 2, pp. 5-33
- ^ "The Story Behind Nepalese Cuisine And Dishes That Are Worth Trying". Slurrp. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-4828-8891-1.
- ISBN 9788170249757.
- ISBN 978-81-7445-092-0. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
- ISBN 9788170249757.
- ^ "Domkach". Folklibrary.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ "Jat Jatin dance".
- ^ Kumar, Mukesh Pokhrel and Ramesh (10 April 2021). "The Politics of Province 2". Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ Republica. "NC poised to be the largest party in Province 2". My Republica. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
Works cited
- Gaige, F. H. (1975). "Migration into the Tarai". Regionalism and National Unity in Nepal (Second ed.). Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. pp. 58–86.
- Kabir, H. (2013). Education, Nationalism, and Conflict in Plural Society in Nepal: Terai Region in the Post-Maoist Context. Discussion Paper Series. Vol. 19. Hiroshima: Hiroshima University Partnership Project for Peace Building and Capacity Development.
- Pradhan, Kumar L. (2012), Thapa Politics in Nepal: With Special Reference to Bhim Sen Thapa, 1806–1839, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, p. 278, ISBN 9788180698132