Madison Group
Madison Limestone | |
---|---|
Mississippian | |
Bakken Formation (Three Forks Group) | |
Thickness | up to 2,100 feet (640 m)[1] |
Lithology | |
Primary | Limestone |
Other | Shale |
Location | |
Region | South Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Colorado, Arizona, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Utah |
Country | United States Canada |
Type section | |
Named for | Madison Range |
Named by | A.C. Peale, 1893[2] |
The Madison Limestone is a thick sequence of mostly
Age and nomenclature
The Madison is formally known as the Madison
Most of the Madison Limestones were deposited during Early to Middle Mississippian time (
Neither a type locality nor derivation of the name was designated when the term Madison Limestone was first used by Peale (1893),[4] but since the original work focused on the area of Three Forks, Montana, it is likely that the name relates to outcrops along the Madison River, Montana. A reference section has been designated on the north side of Gibson Reservoir in SE/4 sec. 36, T. 22 N., R. 10 W., Patricks Basin quad, Teton Co., Montana.[5]
Lithology
Limestones and dolomites dominate the Madison. Because the rock is highly soluble, it often develops caves and karst topography. Lewis and Clark Caverns, Montana, is an example of a cave developed in the Madison. The rocks were deposited in a generally shallow marine setting, indicated by the richly fossiliferous rocks of the Madison. In the Williston Basin, water was shallow enough for oolite shoals to develop; they later became reservoirs for oil.[6] The gray cliffs along the Missouri River in the Gates of the Mountains, Montana are formed by Madison Limestone.[7]
Subdivisions
- Montana-Wyoming-Manitoba
The following formations are recognized in Montana, Wyoming and Manitoba, from top to base:
Sub-unit |
Age | Lithology | Max. Thickness |
Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Charles Formation |
Mississippian |
dolomitic limestone | 244 m (800 ft) | [8] |
Mission Canyon Formation | Osagian |
white bioclastic limestone, oolitic dolomitized; anhydrite in the Williston Basin |
183 m (600 ft) | [9] |
Lodgepole Formation |
Kinderhookian |
lime | 245 m (800 ft) | [10] |
- Saskatchewan
The following subdivisions (of
Sub-unit |
Age | Lithology | Max. Thickness |
Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Poplar Beds | Meramecian |
limestone, argillaceous dolomite, evaporite | 152 m (500 ft) | [11] |
Ratcliffe Beds | Osagian |
dense dolomite, mudstone with three anhydrite beds | 80 m (260 ft) | [12] |
Midale Beds | Osagian |
45 m (150 ft) | [13] | |
Frobisher Evaporite | Osagian |
supratidal anhydrite | 9 m (30 ft) | [13] |
Kisbey Sandstone | Osagian |
porous silty dolomite and calcareous sandstone | 10 m (30 ft) | [14] |
Alida Beds | Osagian |
oolitic to pisolitic grainstone and packstone, silty and dolomitic limestone, crinoidal limestones | 63 m (210 ft) | [15] |
Tilston Beds | Kinderhookian |
oolitic, pisolitic and crinoidal grainstone and packstone; cherty or dolomitic limestone, silty limestone, anhydrite | 80 m (260 ft) | [16] |
Souris Valley Beds | Kinderhookian |
argillaceous limestone, calcareous shale, chert | 176 m (580 ft) | [17] |
See also
References
- ^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Madison Group". Retrieved 2009-03-26.
- ^ Peale, A.C., 1893. The Paleozoic section in the vicinity of Three Forks, Montana. United States Geological Survey, Bull. 110, p.9-56.
- ^ Mississippian System, by Lawrence C. Craig, in Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Region, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, Denver, CO, 1972: p. 100-110
- ^ Peale, A.C., 1893, The Paleozoic section in the vicinity of Three Forks, Montana, with petrographic notes by G.P. Merrill: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 110, 56 p.
- ^ Mudge, M.R., Sando, W.J. and Dutro, J.T., Jr., 1962, Mississippian rocks of the Sun River Canyon area, Sawtooth Range, Montana: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 46, no. 11, p. 2003-2018
- ^ Mississippian Madison group stratigraphy and sedimentation in Wyoming and southern Montana, by John Michael Andrichuk, AAPG Bulletin; November 1955; v. 39; no. 11; p. 2170-2210
- ^ River Log and Road Log: Thrust Faulting near Gates of the Mountains, Lombard, Lewis & Clark Canyon, Montana Geological Society 1994 Guidebook, James L. Cannon, Gary G. Thompson, and John R. Warne, editors
- ^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Charles Formation". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- ^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Mission Canyon Formation". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- ^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Lodgepole Formation". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- ^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Poplar Beds". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- ^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Ratcliffe Beds". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- ^ a b Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Midale Beds". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- ^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Kisbey Sandstone". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- ^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Alida Beds". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- ^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Tilston Beds". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- ^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Souris Valley Beds". Retrieved 2010-01-07.