Mahmud I

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Mahmud I
New Mosque , Istanbul, Turkey
Consorts	Ayşe Kadın Hatem Kadın Alicenab Kadın Verdinaz Kadın Hatice Rami Kadın Tiryal Kadın Raziye Kadın Meyyase Hanim Fehmi Hanim Sirri Hanim Habbabe Hanim
Names Mahmud bin Mustafa
Dynasty	Ottoman
Father	Mustafa II
Mother	Saliha Sultan
Religion	Sunni Islam
Tughra

Mahmud I (

He was born at Edirne Palace on 2 August 1696, the son of Mustafa II (1664–1703); his mother was Saliha Valide sultan. Mahmud I was the older half-brother of Osman III (1754–57). He developed a humped back.

His father Mustafa II mostly lived in Edirne. Mahmud passed his childhood in Edirne. On 18 May 1702 he started his education in Edirne. When his father deposed himself from the throne he was brought to Istanbul and locked up in Kafes where he spent 27 years of his life. ^[3]

It is not known what kind of culture he acquired during this time, since he continued to play chess, write poetry, and deal with music. In addition for childhood and youth, there were dangers,^{[clarification needed]} especially for the Kafes life. ^[3]

Reign

Accession

On 28 September 1730,

Mahmud's real reign began on 25 November 1730, after this incident. First of all, Istanbul was taken under strict control. Measures were taken. About two thousand suspicious people were captured, some were executed, some were exiled. ^[5]

Mahmud's rule

Mahmud I was recognized as sultan by the mutineers as well as by court officials but for some weeks after his accession the empire was in the hands of the insurgents. Halil rode with the new sultan to the Mosque of Eyüb where the ceremony of girding Mahmud I with the Sword of Osman was performed; many of the chief officers were deposed and successors to them appointed at the dictation of the bold rebel who had served in the ranks of the Janissaries and who appeared before the sultan bare-legged and in his old uniform of a common soldier. A Greek butcher, named Yanaki, had formerly given credit to Halil and had lent him money during the three days of the insurrection. Halil showed his gratitude by compelling the Divan to make Yanaki Hospodar of Moldavia. However, Yanaki never took charge of this office.

The Khan of the Crimea assisted the

Mahmud I entrusted government to his viziers and spent much of his time composing poetry.

Fires of 1750

The fire that started at the Ayazma gate in January 1750 lasted for 19 hours. Numerous shops, houses, and mansions burned until the fire reached

In March 1741, the ambassador of Nadir Shah from Iran government, Hacı Han, came to Istanbul with 3,000 people and his guards unit to prolong the peace between them. Among his gifts were fabrics embroidered with jewels, ten elephants, and valuable weapons. Hacı Han was given a banquet in Fener Bahçesin. It was also a problem to pass the elephants brought by hand to Istanbul, and wide shakes were laid on the barges, so wooden curtains were laid around them so that elephants could not be scared.[10]

The relations between the

Mahmud I who was disturbed by fistula and during the harsh winter his health declined day by day. On Friday, 13 December 1754 he went for attending the Friday prayer. After attending the prayer he went back to his palace but in the journey he collapsed on his horse and died on the same day and was buried in his great-grandmother Turhan Sultan Mausoleum in New Mosque, at Eminönü, in Istanbul, Turkey.^[12]

Family

There are eleven known consorts of Mahmud I, but he had no children by any of them (just as his heir, his younger half-brother Osman III, who also remained childless), despite a reign of twenty-four years. This is why Sakaoğlu, a Turkish historian, speculates that Mahmud may have been castrated during his years of imprisonment in Kafes.^[13]

The known consorts of Mahmud I are:^[14][15][16]

• Hace Ayşe Kadın.
  Fatih Mosque. The name Hace indicated that she had made the pilgrimage to Mecca by proxy. She died in 1746.^[17][18][19]
• Hatem Kadın. BaşKadin from the death of Ayşe Kadın in 1746 until the death of Mahmud I in 1754.[b] She died in 1769 and was buried in the Ayazma mosque in Üsküdar.^[19][20]
• Hace Alicenab Kadın.
  Yeni Cami.^{[21][22][23][19][24][25]}
• Hace Verdinaz Kadın. She built a school and a fountain in Murâdpaşa and another fountain in Galata. The name Hace indicated that she had made the pilgrimage to Mecca by proxy. She died on December 16, 1804, and was buried in Şehzâdebaşı. Her late death date suggests that she was one of the youngest consorts.[23]^[19][26][27]
• Hatice Rami Kadın. She built a school and a fountain in Beşiktaş. A year after Mahmud I's death in 1755, she married Inspector Haremeyn Mustafapaşazade İbrahim Bey. She died on January 16, 1780.^{[28][29][30][19]}
• Tiryal Kadın, who died between 1785 and 1789.^[28]
• Raziye Kadın^[28]
• Meyyase Hanim^[19]
• Fehmi Hanim^[19]
• Sirri Hanim^[19]
• Habbabe Hanim^[31]

Notes

References

Citations