Mehta Basti Ram

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Mehta Basti Ram
Zorawar Singh
Succeeded byMehta Mangal (son)
Personal details
BornEarly 19th century
Dogra
SpouseUnknown
Children
OccupationMilitary officer, Governor
Military service
Allegiance
Dogra–Tibetan War

Mehta Basti Ram was a

Taklakot (briefly) and thanadar of Zanskar, he became the second governor
of Leh under Maharaja Gulab Singh.

Life

In 1821, when

Zorawar Singh.[2] At a rank of Colonel, he led Zorawar Singh's Jangi Fauj, later reorganised and renamed as the Fateh Shibji force[a] from 1834 to 1841.[4] Fateh Shibji went on to become the 4th Battalion of the Jammu and Kashmir Rifles Regiment (it retains the historic name Fateh Shibji).[4] Major General G. D. Bakshi wrote in 2002 that Basti Ram was a "tactician par excellence" and that he "should be a role model for Indian battalion commanders".[5]

Zorawar fort in Ladakh. Basti Ram was the first Qiladar (commandant).[6]

Dogra conquest of Ladakh

Basti Ram was one of the main officers of

Zorawar's force and played a crucial role at multiple locations of the conquest of Ladakh which started in 1834. He led an attack that resulted in the capture of the Fort of Sod/Soth (in Kargil) and subsequently the Gyalpo.[7] The assault included crossing the Indus River on inflated goatskins.[8] During the conquest of Baltistan, which started during the end of 1840, he found a way to cross a river that had caused Zorawar's army to halt for over a month in the cold and snow.[9] For this innovation, Zorawar Singh gifted Basti Ram Rs. 500 and a pair of gold bangles.[b][11] Basti Ram was also present during the capture of Skardu.[12]

After Zorawar Singh's forces captured Western Tibet, Basti Ram was appointed the governor of

Burang).[13] Soon afterwards, the Tibetans launched a counterattack during winter. Zorawar Singh was killed on 12 December 1941 and his army defeated.[14] The men stationed at Taklakot fled to the British province of Kumaon.[15] Basti Ram escaped to Almora where the British commissioner gave him shelter.[16] By the autumn of 1846, Basti Ram was appointed the thanadar of Zanskar and "one of the confidential servants of Maharaja Gulab Sing.[17]

Basti Ram provided one of the earliest written accounts of the Dogra conquest of Ladakh and beyond, twelve years after the events. While the original version was lost, Alexander Cunningham had re-written Basti Ram's account based on a dictation by Basti Ram himself.[1][18] August Hermann Francke notes that Basti Ram may have exaggerated the enemy numbers at certain locations.[19]

Governor of Leh

Basti Ram was appointed the thanadar of Leh between 1847 and 1861.[20] At the time there were four thanadars for Ladakh, in Zanskar, Kargil, Dras and Nubra.[20] All the thanadars had military and civil authority in their districts and were accountable directly to the Maharaja.[20] Alexander Cunningham estimated that Basti Ram's income would have been a "respectable" Rs.18,000 annually, (roughly £1,800 a year).[21] Lieutenant Colonel Henry Torrens, who passed through Ladakh in 1862, noted that Basti Ram had retired to his home in Kishtawar on account of old age, and a successor had not yet been appointed by the Maharaja".[22] Instead, Torrens met the Kahlon[c] of Leh, the "nominal governor", who got little respect from the Sikhs [Dogras].[24]

Family

Basti Ram was born in the Mehta family from Kishtwar. His grandfather had been in charge of military affairs under the last Kishtwar ruler Mohammad Teg Singh.[2][25] Basti Ram's son Mehta Mangal succeeded him as Governor of Ladakh.[26]

Basti Ram's great-granddaughter was

Minister of State for Home Affairs in Indira Gandhi's government in 1976. Another younger brother Ved Mehta was at one time the president of Chamber of Commerce and Industry Jammu.[28]
Other family members and descendants include Mehta Jagat Ram, RS Mehta, SS Mehta, KS Mehta, Kusum Mehta, Sarla Mehta and Anil Mehta. Mehta Jagat Ram was a respected forest officer and later a Forest Lessee in Kishtwar along with his son Krishan Mehta. RS Mehta was a renowned lawyer who did his law from Gawyer Hall Delhi University. SS Mehta was a renowned economist from Delhi School of Economics and was a visiting professor at Harvard. He later retired as Director IIFT.

References

Notes

  1. ^ Also referred to as 8 Shibji Paltan later reorganised into the 7 Shibji.[3]
  2. ^ G. D. Bakshi writes that this bridgehead operation deserves to be "a classic" in "military history books".[10]
  3. ^ Also spelt Kahlon.[23] Old Tibetan title signifying Prime Minister.[22] Cunningham notes that "the term is also applied to the chief men of all the districts."[7]

Citations

  1. ^ a b Francke 1926, p. 257.
  2. ^ a b Bakshi 2002, p. 120.
  3. ^ Bakshi 2002, p. 52.
  4. ^ a b Bakshi 2002, p. 52, 117.
  5. ^ Bakshi 2002, p. 144.
  6. ISBN 978-93-84544-93-5
    .
  7. ^ a b Cunningham 1854, p. 335.
  8. ^ Bakshi 2002, p. 65.
  9. ^ Cunningham 1854, p. 347–349.
  10. ^ Bakshi 2002, p. 88.
  11. ^ Cunningham 1854, p. 349.
  12. ^ Cunningham 1854, p. 349–350.
  13. ^ Cunningham 1854, p. 351.
  14. ^ Cunningham 1854, p. 352.
  15. ^ Cunningham 1854, p. 353.
  16. ^ Cunningham 1854, p. 332.
  17. ^ Cunningham 1854, p. 355.
  18. ^ Neve 1913, p. 246.
  19. ^ Francke 1926, p. 261.
  20. ^ a b c Cunningham 1854, p. 273–274.
  21. ^ Cunningham 1854, p. 274.
  22. ^ a b Torrens 1862, p. 171–172.
  23. ^ Cunningham 1854, p. 277.
  24. ^ Torrens 1862, p. 172.
  25. ^ Nayyar, Sanjeev (2016). "Zorawar Singh Museum Leh". eSamskriti. Retrieved 2021-01-05.
  26. ^ Chohan, Amar Singh (1983). Historical Study Of Society and Culture In Dardistan and Ladakh. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi. pp. 200–201.
  27. ^ "Krishna Mehta". krishnamehta.net. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
  28. ^ "Ved Mehta passes away". Kashmir Times. 28 April 2015. Retrieved 2020-12-29.

Bibliography

Further reading

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