Nepenthes bellii

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Nepenthes bellii
An upper pitcher of N. bellii from Dinagat

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nepenthaceae
Genus: Nepenthes
Species:
N. bellii
Binomial name
Nepenthes bellii
K.Kondo (1969)[2]
Synonyms

Nepenthes bellii

above sea level.[4]

The

specific epithet bellii honours American botanist Clyde Ritchie Bell.[4]

Botanical history

Nepenthes bellii was

Surigao Province, Mindanao, at an altitude of 800 m.[2][7][8] It was collected by Kondo as part of a 1968 trip to the Philippines alongside J. V. Pancho.[2] The holotype is deposited at the herbarium of the North Carolina Botanical Garden (NCU); isotypes are held at the KC and Nagoya herbaria.[6][7]

Nepenthes globamphora, which is now considered to be a

heterotypic synonym of N. bellii,[4][7] was described by Shigeo Kurata and Masami Toyoshima in a 1972 issue of The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore.[3] The holotype of this taxon, designated as Kurata & Toyoshima 1128, was collected on August 22, 1965, from Mount Legaspi in Surigao del Sur, Mindanao, at an elevation of 270 m.[3][7] It is deposited at the herbarium of the Nippon Dental College (NDC).[7] A very early mention of N. globamphora (at the time a nomen nudum as the taxon was undescribed) appeared in a 1966 issue (volume 36, page 15) of The Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society.[7]

The next detailed treatments of N. bellii appeared in Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek's 1997 monograph, "A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)",[8] and their 2001 revision, "Nepenthaceae".[7] In the latter publication, Cheek and Jebb noted that little ecological data was known about the species and that it was represented in herbaria by only the two type collections (Kondo 11514 and Kurata & Toyoshima 1128) at the time.[7] Stewart McPherson's 2009 monograph, Pitcher Plants of the Old World, presented an updated description and colour habitat photographs of N. bellii.[4]

Description

Nepenthes bellii is a climbing plant growing to a height of 2.5 m

internodes up to 2 cm long.[7]

Leaves are

midrib and restricted to the distal third of the lamina.[7] Pinnate veins are abundant and run obliquely to the laminar margin.[7] The tendrils are proportionately very long, especially those bearing lower pitchers, which may be more than 30 cm long.[4]

A basal rosette from Dinagat with lower pitchers and a trailing climbing stem visible to the right

Rosette and lower pitchers are usually cylindrical or ellipsoidal throughout, but may also be

ventral surface of the pitcher cup. These wings are densely fringed with filaments up to 9 mm long, which may be grouped in clusters of two or three[4] (the clusters spaced up to 1.3 mm apart),[7] but are often borne singly (particularly in young plants).[4] The pitcher mouth ranges in shape from suborbicular to broadly ovate and is more or less straight, being only slightly oblique.[7] The peristome is bulbous and cylindrical,[4] subcylindrical, or flattened.[7] It measures up to 10 mm in width, becoming broader and rising slightly towards the top. The peristome bears ribs up to 1 mm high and spaced up to 1.5 mm apart, which terminate in narrow teeth (≤3 mm long) on the inner margin on the peristome. Its outer margin may undulate slightly.[7] The operculum or lid varies in shape from elliptic[4] to ovate or broadly ovate.[7] It has a rounded apex[7] and may have a somewhat cordate base.[4] It measures up to 4 cm in length by 3.5 cm in width. No appendages are present on the lower surface of the lid, although it bears a small number (5 or 6) of sparsely scattered nectar glands.[7] These nectaries are transversely elliptic to circular in shape and measure 0.2–0.4 mm in length.[7] They are unbordered, pit-like, and deep.[7] An unbranched spur up to 9 mm long is inserted near the base of the lid.[4]

A typical lower pitcher from Dinagat

Upper pitchers are infundibular throughout, being variably swollen in the upper portion. They are frequently produced, although Cheek and Jebb reported seeing a flowering specimen that lacked upper pitchers.[7] Aerial traps are even smaller than their terrestrial counterparts and some of the smallest pitchers in the genus, reaching only 7.5 cm in height[7] and 3 cm in width.[4] Wings are reduced to a maximum width of only 4 mm with fringe elements up to 3 mm long, but may be absent altogether. The ventral surface between the wings or wing vestiges is usually slightly flattened. The peristome is often cylindrical and bulbous as in lower pitchers, but only up to 5 mm wide. It rises towards the rear, where it is broader. It bears ribs up to 0.5 mm high and spaced up to 1 mm apart, although in some specimens they are inconspicuous. The narrow peristome teeth are up to 1 mm long. The lid, which lacks appendages, is elliptic to ovate and up to 3 cm long by 2 cm wide. The unbranched spur reaches 7 mm in length.[4]

Nepenthes bellii has a racemose inflorescence up to 15 cm long by 1 cm wide. The peduncle itself reaches up to 9 cm in length, with a basal diameter of 1 mm. Flowers, which number up to 40 per inflorescence, are borne on one-flowered, ebracteate pedicels up to 4 mm long. Tepals are ovate and up to 2.5 mm long by 1.2 mm wide.[7] The androphore is around 1.5 mm long.[7] Fruits measure up to 20 mm in length.[4]

An inconspicuous indumentum of reddish or rust-coloured simple (unbranched) hairs measuring 0.1 mm in length may be present on the pitchers and inflorescence.[4][7] Tepals are minutely tomentose.[7] The stem, laminae and androphores are typically glabrous.[4][7]

The stem, tendrils and midribs are most commonly yellow to green, but may be tinged orange or red in some specimens; this more intense colouration seems to be associated with drought stress. The laminae are usually green, but may be orange, red, or even purple when young. These developing leaves gradually turn green with age. Plants often consist of 2 or 3 reddish leaves at the top with many green leaves below.[4] Lower pitchers are mostly green, yellow, orange or sometimes red, with darker blotches of orange to purple. The peristome and lid may be any of the base colours of the pitcher exterior, but without blotches. The inner surface is yellow or green and may have reddish speckles. Upper pitchers are similar but often lack blotches, being a solid green, yellow, orange, or red, although reddish aerial traps occasionally do bear some darker markings. Sometimes upper pitchers may have a contrasting combination of colours in the form of a reddish pitcher body and yellow or green peristome, or vice versa.[4]

No

infraspecific taxa of N. bellii have been described.[4]

Ecology

Nepenthes bellii is

above sea level.[4]

The species grows terrestrially in a number of habitats, including lowland

natural hybrids with both of these species,[4] such crosses appear to be rare.[10] Field observations of these three species suggest that they flower at different times of the year.[10]

habitat loss is affecting the species in lowland areas and this problem is particularly severe on Dinagat.[4]

Related species

Pitcher morphology of the two closest relatives of N. bellii: a lower pitcher of N. merrilliana (left) and an upper pitcher of N. surigaoensis (right)

The combination of subglobular lower pitchers, densely fringed wings (often with clustered filaments) and proportionately long tendrils separate N. bellii from all other species with the possible exception of the miniature N. argentii.[7] However, the latter species can hardly be confused with N. bellii as it does not produce a climbing stem, differs markedly in the shape of the lamina, and has a uniquely curved peristome that continues along the lower surface of the lid.[7]

Nepenthes bellii is closely allied to

Insignes group, which also includes N. burkei, N. insignis, N. merrilliana, and N. ventricosa, among others, with N. sibuyanensis, N. barcelonae and N. aenigma being recent additions.[7][11][12]

Nepenthes bellii was also compared to N. micramphora in the formal description of the latter, in which the authors noted that the stem, laminae and inflorescence of N. micramphora match those of N. bellii "almost exactly".[13] Indeed, prior to the description of N. micramphora in 2009, the species was misidentified as N. bellii on its native Mount Hamiguitan.[14][15] Nepenthes micramphora can be clearly distinguished by its distinct pitchers and even smaller vegetative features.[13]

In their 2001 monograph, Martin Cheek and Matthew Jebb also noted a "remarkable resemblance" between the lower pitchers of N. tomoriana and those of N. bellii.[7]

Natural hybrids

Two

natural hybrids involving N. bellii have been recorded: with N. merrilliana and N. mindanaoensis.[4] It is commonly sympatric with these species.[4]

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T39645A143959118.en
    . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^
    doi:10.2307/2483544
  3. ^ a b c Kurata, S. & M. Toyoshima 1972. Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(1): 155–158. Abstract Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  5. ^ Nepenthes bellii K.Kondo. International Plant Names Index (IPNI).
  6. ^ a b Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes bellii. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
  8. ^ a b Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106.
  9. ^ (in German) McPherson, S. & T. Gronemeyer 2008. Die Nepenthesarten der Philippinen: eine Fotodokumentation. Das Taublatt 60: 34–78.
  10. ^ a b c (in German) Gronemeyer, T. 2008. Nepenthes auf den Philippinen – ein Reisebericht. Das Taublatt 60: 15–27.
  11. ISSN 1179-3163
    .
  12. PMID 27164153
    .
  13. ^ a b Heinrich, V., S.R. McPherson, T. Gronemeyer & V.B. Amoroso 2009. Nepenthes micramphora (Nepenthaceae), a new species of Nepenthes L. from southern Mindanao, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Pitcher Plants of the Old World. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1314–1319.
  14. doi:10.3767/000651909X474113
  15. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.07.003

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