List of Nepenthes species
This list of Nepenthes species is a comprehensive listing of all known species of the
The official IUCN conservation status of each species is taken from the latest edition of the IUCN Red List.[1] Unofficial assessments based on the IUCN criteria are also included, but are presented in italics. Unless otherwise noted, taxonomic determinations and all other information are sourced from Stewart McPherson's two-volume Pitcher Plants of the Old World, published in 2009.[2] Where recent literature provides an altitudinal distribution that falls outside the range given in Pitcher Plants of the Old World, the discrepancy is noted.
All major islands within a species's geographic range are included. Smaller surrounding islands are listed separately under "Minor islands", though these lists are not exhaustive. In the case of archipelagos such as the Philippines, the individual islands to which the species is native are shown in brackets.
Authorities are presented in the form of a standard author citation, using abbreviations specified by the International Plant Names Index.[3] Years given denote the year of the species's formal publication under the current name, thus excluding the earlier basionym date of publication if one exists.
Extant species
Incompletely diagnosed taxa
The following undescribed taxa are taken from Pitcher Plants of the Old World and its supplementary volume, New Nepenthes, published in 2011.[64]
Taxon | Image | Distribution | Altitudinal distribution |
---|---|---|---|
Nepenthes sp. Anipahan[110] | Philippines (Palawan)[110] | 1200–1400 m[110] | |
Nepenthes sp. Misool | ![]() |
Raja Ampat Islands (Misool) | 0–30 m |
Nothospecies
Nothospecies | Parent species | Authority | Year | Image | Distribution | Altitudinal distribution | IUCN conservation status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nepenthes × hookeriana | N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana | Hort.Veitch ex Mast. | 1881 | ![]() |
Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra[48] | 0–450 m[8] | Least Concern[23]
|
Nepenthes × kinabaluensis | N. rajah × N. villosa | Sh.Kurata ex Sh.Kurata | 1984 | Borneo[48] | 2420–3030 m[48] | Endangered[23] | |
Nepenthes × trichocarpa | N. ampullaria × N. gracilis | Miq. | 1858 | ![]() |
Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra,[48] Thailand[102] | 0–800 m[29] | Least Concern[23]
|
Extinct species
Species | Authority | Year | Location | Age |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nepenthes echinatus | (Hunger) Krutzsch | 1985 | Europe | Palaeocene
|
Nepenthes echinosporus | (R.Potonié) Krutzsch | 1985 | Europe | Palaeocene
|
Nepenthes major | (Krutzsch) Krutzsch | 1985 | Europe | Palaeocene
|
Some authors consider
Pollen from the
See also
Notes
- ^ sensu stricto has an altitudinal distribution of 550 m and above.[7]
- ^ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1200 m for N. albomarginata.[8]
- ^ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) cite a record of N. bicalcarata from Mount Periok in Brunei at c. 1600 m.[8]
- ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a range of 780–1880 m for N. boschiana,[29] while Clarke (1997) gives a range of 900–1880 m.[30]
- ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2250 m for N. burbidgeae,[29] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 1100–2300 m.[8]
- ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001), Clarke (1997) and Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. edwardsiana.[8][29][30]
- ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1000 m for N. ephippiata.[29] The species has reportedly been collected from Bukit Raya at 2000–2270 m.[8][43]
- ^ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1700 m for N. gracilis.[8]
- ^ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 150–1500 m for N. hirsuta,[8] while Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding it at elevations as low as 160 m.[58]
- ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1600 m for N. lowii,[29] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 900–3400 m.[8]
- ^ The lower altitudinal limit of 2000 m given for N. macrophylla in some older sources[72] is apparently incorrect.[2][73]
- ^ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 250 m for N. macrovulgaris.[8]
- ^ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. rafflesiana.[8]
- ^ The paratype of N. ramos was collected at 670 m[94] and N. kurata (which has been synonymised with N. ramos[6]) has been recorded at c. 1400 m.[46]
- Cantley (2005) give a range of 1200–1800 m for N. sibuyanensis,[99] while the authors of the describing paper give a range of 1500–1800 m.[100]
- ^ Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding N. stenophylla at 400 m.[58]
- Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer.[105]
- ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2750 m for N. tobaica.[29]
- ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 500 m for N. treubiana.[29]
- ^ The upper altitudinal limit of 400 m is uncertain as it is based on the figure given on Google Earth for an "inexact grid-reference" associated with a herbarium specimen.[107]
- ^ Nepenthes villosa generally grows at elevations of 2300–3240 m, but is more common at 1600–1900 m on Mount Tambuyukon.[2] Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 3400 m for this species.[8]
References
- ^ IUCN 2013. Nepenthes. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1. IUCN.
- ^ a b c d McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ Author Query. International Plant Names Index.
- ^
- ^
- ^
- ^
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes. Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5(1): 13–25.
- ^ a b c d e Amoroso, Victor B.; Lagunday, Noel E.; Coritico, Fulgent P.; Colong, Ruel D. "Nepenthes alfredoi (Caryophyllales, Nepenthaceae), A New Species of Pitcher Plant from Mindanao, Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology website. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
- ^ "Nepenthaceae". Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
- ^
- ^ a b c d e Clarke, C.M. 2001. Appendix C: Distribution Maps. In: Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 299–307.
- ^
- ^ a b c d (in Indonesian) Mansur, M. 2012. Keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan pemakan serangga dan laju fotosintesisnya di Pulau Natuna. [Diversity on insectivorous plants and its photosynthetic rate in Natuna Island.] Berita Biologi 11(1): 33–42. Abstract Archived 2013-09-21 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 34.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. 2010. Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 24–35.
- ^
- ^ Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^
- ^ a b c d Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ a b c d e f g h von Arx, B., J. Schlauer & M. Groves 2001. CITES Carnivorous Plant Checklist. Archived 2008-05-13 at the Wayback Machine The Cromwell Press, United Kingdom.
- ^ Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. A revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia. Archived 2013-10-07 at the Wayback Machine Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 33–49.
- ^ .
- ^
- ^
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
- ^ a b c Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ . Retrieved March 2, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Wilson, Gary; Venter, Stephanius; Damas, Kapiro (December 2023). "Nepenthes calcicola, a new pitcher plant from Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea". ResearchGate.
- ^ a b c d Pskhun (2024-01-06). "Species New to Science: [Botany • 2023] Nepenthes calcicola (Nepenthaceae) • A New Pitcher Plant from Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea". Species New to Science. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
- ^ a b Clarke, C., C.C. Lee & V. Enar 2014. Observations of the natural history and ecology of Nepenthes campanulata. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 43(1): 7–13.
- ^ a b "Nepenthes candalaga Lagunday & V. B. Amoroso 2022, sp. nov. - Plazi TreatmentBank". treatment.plazi.org. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
- ^ New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 412–423.
- ^ a b c d e f g Pelser, P.B; Barcelona, J.F.; Nickrent, D.L. "Nepenthaceae". Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
- ^ Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 38.
- ^
- ^
- ^
- ^ S2CID 225570908. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
- ^ Nooteboom, H.P. (ed.) 1987. Report of the 1982–1983 Bukit Raya Expedition. Rijksherbarium, Leiden.
- ^ New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51.
- ^ ISSN 1179-3163.
- ^
- ^
- ^ Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ a b c d e McPherson, S., J. Cervancia, C. Lee, M. Jaunzems, A. Fleischmann, F. Mey, E. Gironella & A. Robinson 2010. Nepenthes gantungensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Mount Gantung, Palawan, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1286–1295.
- ^ Mey, F.S. 2016. The beautiful Nepenthes kampotiana x bokorensis. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, 5 October 2016.
- ^ (in Indonesian) Hidayat, S., J. Hidayat, Hamzah, E. Suhandi, Tatang & Ajidin 2003. Analisis vegetasi dua jenis tumbuhan pemakan serangga di Padang Pinang Anyang, Pulau Belitung. [Vegetation analysis of two insectivorous plants in Padang Pinang Anyang, Belitung Island.] Biodiversitas 4(2): 93–96.
- ^ a b Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.
- ^ a b c d e f Gronemeyer, T., A. Wistuba, V. Heinrich, S. McPherson, F. Mey & A. Amoroso 2010. Nepenthes hamiguitanensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Mindanao Island, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1296–1305.
- ^ S2CID 250194898.
- ^
- Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ a b Mansur, M. & F.Q. Brearley 2008. Ecological studies on Nepenthes at Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Archived 2012-07-08 at archive.today. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 9(3): 271–276.
- ^ a b c d e f Mey, F.S., M. Catalano, C. Clarke, A. Robinson, A. Fleischmann & S. McPherson 2010. Nepenthes holdenii (Nepenthaceae), a new species of pyrophytic pitcher plant from the Cardamom Mountains of Cambodia. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1306–1331.
- A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. PILI-NGO Movement, Bogor.
- ^ ISSN 1179-3163.
- ^ Nunn, R. & C.N.A. Vu 2016. An account of the Nepenthes species of Vietnam. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 45(3): 93–101.
- ^ Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 32.
- ^ New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Australia and New Guinea. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ a b (in Italian) Catalano, M. 2015. Nepenthes kongkandana, da ufficiosa ad ufficiale. AIPC Magazine 37: 4–11.
- ^
- ^ New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 522–555.
- ^ a b c d e McPherson, S., G. Bourke, J. Cervancia, M. Jaunzems, E. Gironella, A. Robinson & A. Fleischmann 2011. Nepenthes leonardoi (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Palawan, Philippines. Carniflora Australis 8(1): 4–19.
- ^ S2CID 260648384.
- ^ S2CID 237770035.
- ^ Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106.
- ^ Bourke, G. 2007. Exploring the upper reaches of Gunung Trus Madi. Carniflora Australis (9): 9–16.
- ^ S2CID 234532520.
- ^ a b c d "Two New Nepenthes Species from the Unexplored Mountains of Central Mindanao, Philippines" (pdf). Republic of the Philippines - Philippine Journal of Science. Philippine Journal of Science. June 2017. pp. 2–3. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
- ^
- ^ Jebb, M.H.P. 1991. An account of Nepenthes in New Guinea. Science in New Guinea 17(1): 7–54.
- ^ a b (in Indonesian) Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara. [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas 9(3): 194–198.
- ^ Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba 2000. Nepenthes maxima. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1. IUCN.
- ^ S2CID 221858198.
- ^ Robinson, A. 2012. Nepenthes merrilliana on Samar Archived 2012-07-22 at the Wayback Machine. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics, June 29, 2012.
- ^
- ^ a b Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes mirabilis Archived 2013-12-24 at the Wayback Machine. Carnivorous Plant Database.
- ^ Nepenthes mirabilis. Flora of China.
- ^ a b c d e f Mansell, G. & W. Suarez (2016). Nepenthes nebularum, a new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 45(4): 132–139.
- ^ New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 468–491.
- ^ a b c d e "Nepenthes orbiculata | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 2024-04-18.
- ^ a b c d e McPherson, S., J. Cervancia, C. Lee, M. Jaunzems, A. Fleischmann, F. Mey, E. Gironella & A. Robinson 2010. Nepenthes palawanensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Sultan Peak, Palawan Island, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1332–1339.
- ^
- New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 382–395.
- ^ a b Lee, C.C., S. McPherson, G. Bourke & M. Mansur 2009. Nepenthes pitopangii (Nepenthaceae), a new species from central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 61(1): 95–100.
- ^ New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 424–439.
- ^ S2CID 225376444.
- ^
- ^
- ^ a b c d e (in Italian) Catalano, M. 2014. Nepenthes rosea, una nuova specie dalla Thailandia peninsulare. AIPC Magazine 36: 24–31.
- ^
- ^ ISBN 978-1-908787-49-1. Retrieved May 27, 2023.)
{{cite book}}
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ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Rybka, V., R. Rybková & R. Cantley 2005. Nepenthes argentii on Sibuyan Island. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 34(2): 47–50.
- ^ Nerz, J., P. Mann, T. Alt & T. Smith 1998. Nepenthes sibuyanensis, a new Nepenthes from Sibuyan, a remote island of the Philippines. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 27(1): 18–23.
- ^ a b Mey, F.S. 2010. Introduction to the pitcher plants (Nepenthes) of Cambodia. Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2010(2): 106–117.
- ^ Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague.
- ^ a b c Cheek, M. 2014. Nomen novum Nepenthes. Planta Carnivora 36(2): 44–45.
- ^ Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 36.
- ^ Elmer, A.D.E. 1915. Nepenthaceae. [pp. 2785–2787] In: Two hundred twenty six new species—II. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 8: 2719–2883.
- New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 104–131.
- ^
- ^ New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 492–505.
- ^ a b c d e (in German) Micheler, M., T. Gronemeyer, A. Wistuba, D. Marwinski, W. Suarez & V. Amoroso 2013. Nepenthes viridis, eine neue Nepenthes-Art von der Insel Dinagat, Philippinen. Das Taublatt 76: 4–21.
- ^ New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 330–345.
- ^ Jebb, M. 1994. NEPENTHES revision for Flora Malesiana. Carnivorous Plant Mailing List, September 9, 1994.
- ^ Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1998 ['1996']. Pitcher plants of Mt. Kinabalu in Sabah. The Sarawak Museum Journal 50(71): 145–171.
- ^ a b Krutzsch, W. 1985. Über Nepenthes-Pollen im europäischen Tertiär. Gleditschia 13: 89–93.
- ^ Anderson, J.A.R. & J. Muller 1975. Palynological study of a Holocene peat and a Miocene coal deposit from NW Borneo. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 19(4): 291–351.
- ^ Kumar, M. 1995. Pollen tetrads from Palaeocene sediments of Meghalaya, India: comments on their morphology, botanical affinity and geological records. Palaeobotanist 43(1): 68–81.
- ^ Saxena, R.K. & G.K. Trivedi 2006. A Catalogue of Tertiary Spores and Pollen from India. Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.
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Nepenthes.