Nepenthes campanulata

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Nepenthes campanulata
N. campanulata. Cultivated plant.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nepenthaceae
Genus: Nepenthes
Species:
N. campanulata
Binomial name
Nepenthes campanulata

Nepenthes campanulata (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz kæmˌpænjʊˈlɑːtə/; from Late Latin campānulātus "bell-shaped"), the bell-shaped pitcher-plant,[3] is a tropical pitcher plant native to Borneo. It has also been reported from Palawan, the Philippines, though further field work is needed to confirm this identification.[4][5]

type locality. Nepenthes campanulata is listed as Vulnerable on the 2014 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1]

Nepenthes campanulata has no known

infraspecific taxa have been described.[6]

Discovery and naming

Nepenthes campanulata was first collected on 9 September 1957,

type material of N. mapuluensis. Kostermans wrote the following account of his discovery:[3]

I was working for the Forestry Department at that time in Sangkulirang and when I had finished I wanted to find out about a flowering rock, Ilas Bungaan,[note b] upriver. After 10 days walking I saw the yellowish rock for the first time. When we were there we discovered that the yellow colour was that of the leaves of a Nepenthes completely covering the steep face of the 50 m high rock. We cut a tree that fell to the rock and acted as a ladder and climbed up. The Nepenthes was not in flower or fruit, but we found caves in the rock and in the caves a couple of boat-like coffins with sculptured dog-head ends which contained decapitated skeletons.

Nepenthes campanulata was described by

endemic to this single location "presumably owing to its habitat which is noted as sand and limestone walls at an altitude of 300 m".[2][3]

The

type material
of N. campanulata lacks floral structures and these remained unknown until the species' rediscovery in 1997.

Description

Isotype of N. campanulata deposited at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. It originates from the now extinct Mount Ilas Bungaan population.

Nepenthes campanulata produces short, cylindrical, climbing stems 20 to 50 cm tall

peltate. The base of the lamina is amplexicaul. Two to three longitudinal veins are present on each side. Pennate veins are inconspicuous. Tendrils are very short and stiff, rarely exceeding 4 cm in length.[6]

Unlike most other species in the genus, N. campanulata produces only one type of pitcher. As the

specific epithet suggests, these are campanulate or bell-shaped. The yellow-green pitchers grow to 10 cm in height[10] and 5.5 cm in diameter. They typically lack fringed wings, instead bearing a pair of ribs running down the front. Inside the pitchers, the glandular region covers only the lowest quarter of the inner surface. The opening or mouth of the pitcher is circular and positioned horizontally. The peristome is greatly reduced and bears a row of tiny teeth. The pitcher lid is elliptic to oblong and has no appendages. An unbranched, 1 mm long spur is inserted at the base of the lid. N. campanulata is wholly glabrous.[6]

Plants spread by means of subterranean

runners. Mature plants often form large clumps with numerous growth points.[11]

Distribution and habitat

The population of N. campanulata from which the

type locality.[1][13][14][15][16]

In July 2013, a taxon closely resembling N. campanulata was observed and photographed growing on the limestone cliffs of the Saint Paul formation, Palawan, the Philippines. Charles Clarke and Ch'ien Lee consider these plants likely to represent N. campanulata, or at least a close relative.[4][5]

Nepenthes campanulata is a lowland species, growing

endemic to limestone substrates.[6]

Taxonomy

In his description of N. campanulata, Kurata suggested that it may be closely related to

endemic to limestone substrates, whereas N. inermis usually grows as an epiphyte at elevations of 1500 to 2600 m.[6][17]

Notes

a.^ Kostermans explored Mount Ilas Bungaan between 8 September and 19 September as part of an expedition to northeastern Borneo.[18]
b.^ Indonesian for "flowering rock"; ilas meaning "rock" and bungaan meaning "flowering".[3]

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T39650A19631430.en
    .
  2. ^ a b c d e Kurata, S. 1973. Nepenthes from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(2): 227–232.
  3. ^ a b c d Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  4. ^ a b c Clarke, C., C.C. Lee & V. Enar 2014. Observations of the natural history and ecology of Nepenthes campanulata. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 43(1): 7–13.
  5. ^ a b Mey, F.S. 2014. Nepenthes campanulata: natural history, ecology and expanded geographical distribution in Palawan, Philippines. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, 1 March 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  7. ^ McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  8. ^ a b Specimen Details: Nepenthes campanulata Kurata (NY Specimen ID: 39331). The New York Botanical Garden.
  9. ^ Specimen Details: Nepenthes campanulata Kurata (NY Specimen ID: 39332). The New York Botanical Garden.
  10. ^ a b Lee, C.C. 2006. Species profile: Nepenthes campanulata Archived 26 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine. WildBorneo.
  11. ^
    Pitcher Plants of Sarawak
    . Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  12. ^ a b Nerz, J. 1994. Nepenthes-discussion. Carnivorous Plant Mailing List.
  13. Borneo: Its Mountains and Lowlands with their Pitcher Plants
    . Toihaan Publishing Company, Kota Kinabalu.
  14. ^ Hansen, E. 2001. Where rocks sing, ants swim, and plants eat animals: finding members of the Nepenthes carnivorous plant family in Borneo. Discover 22(10): 60–68.
  15. ^ Lee, C.C. 2004. New records and a new species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Sarawak. Sandakania 15: 93–101.
  16. ^ (in Japanese) Kurata, S. 2000. 再発見のネペンテス・カンパヌラータ S.Kurata. The Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society 51(3).
  17. ^ Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  18. ^ van Steenis-Kruseman, M.J., et al. 2006. Cyclopaedia of Malesian Collectors: André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans. Nationaal Herbarium Nederland.

Further reading

External links

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