Nepenthes sibuyanensis
Nepenthes sibuyanensis | |
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A lower pitcher of N. sibuyanensis from Mount Guiting-Guiting | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Nepenthaceae |
Genus: | Nepenthes |
Species: | N. sibuyanensis
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Binomial name | |
Nepenthes sibuyanensis | |
Synonyms | |
Nepenthes sibuyanensis /nɪˈpɛnθiːz sɪˌbʊjəˈnɛnsɪs/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sibuyan Island in the Philippines, after which it is named.
Botanical history
Nepenthes sibuyanensis was discovered during an expedition to the Philippines beginning in September 1996. The team comprised Thomas Alt, Phill Mann, Trent Smith, and Alfred Öhm. The species was formally described[note a] by Joachim Nerz in the March 1998 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter.[2][4]
The holotype of N. sibuyanensis, sheet 051001, was collected on October 5, 1996, by Phill Mann and Trent Smith on Mount Guiting-Guiting at an elevation of 1300 m above sea level. The plant was growing on an open slope amongst high grasses and ferns of the genus Dipteris. The specimen includes a typical pitcher and was chosen as the holotype because the pitchers of this species are its most characteristic feature. Mann and Smith made three further collections of N. sibuyanensis on the same day and at the same altitude. These were sheet 051002, which includes vegetative parts without pitchers, sheet 051003, which consists of fruits, and sheet 051004, which includes male flowers. All four specimens are deposited at the National Herbarium of the Netherlands in Leiden.[2]
It was initially suggested, based on early field observations, that N. sibuyanensis did not produce true upper pitchers and that lower pitchers were almost exclusively produced under moss cover[5] (the authors of the describing paper mention finding only a single pitcher growing in sunlight).[2] Cultivated plants and subsequent field studies disproved both of these hypotheses.[5][6]
The first use of the name N. sibuyanensis greatly predates the formal description of this species. A certain "Nepenthes sibuyanensis Elm." appears in the December 29, 1911 issue of
Description
Nepenthes sibuyanensis is a weak climber. The stem can attain a length of 1.5 m[7] and is up to 8 mm in diameter. Internodes are up to 1.5 cm long and cylindrical in cross section.[2]
Leaves are thin-
Pitchers arise from the end of the tendril, forming a tightly appressed curve. Lower pitchers are ovate to
Upper pitchers are very rarely produced. They are generally smaller and lighter-coloured than their terrestrial counterparts.[6]
Nepenthes sibuyanensis has a
The inflorescence bears a very dense indumentum of adpressed, stellate hairs. The staminal column is covered in short hairs. Vegetative parts of the plant are virtually glabrous.[2]
Leaves are yellowish to dark green with a light green midrib. The stem and leaf margins may have reddish highlights. Lower pitchers are yellowish to red, often with scattered red blotches (≤10 mm in diameter) below the peristome. The peristome is usually darker than the rest of the pitcher, being dark red to almost black. The lid is yellowish to orange. Upper pitchers are lighter-coloured and usually whitish throughout. Herbarium specimens range in colour from light brown to red.[2]
Ecology
Nepenthes sibuyanensis is
Nepenthes sibuyanensis occurs relatively sparsely on open slopes dominated by high grasses, small shrubs, and the fern Dipteris conjugata. Pitchers usually develop embedded in the substrate and are rarely exposed to direct sunlight.[2] Nepenthes sibuyanensis exhibits modified seed morphology owing to its exposed, isolated habitat. The absence of seed wings in this species prevents strong winds carrying them away from suitable habitats and allows for dispersion by water (particularly rainfall and small streams).[9]
Due to its localised distribution, the conservation status of N. sibuyanensis is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1] Logging and mining operations are increasingly threatening Mount Guiting-Guiting and its national park.[6][15]
Related species
Nepenthes sibuyanensis belongs to
The species can be distinguished from both N. burkei and N. ventricosa on the basis of its pitcher shape; the traps of N. sibuyanensis are ovate to slightly infundibulate, whereas those of the latter species are ventricose in the lower part and constricted in the middle. In addition, the pitchers of N. burkei and N. ventricosa are smaller, rarely exceeding 20 cm in height.[2]
Nepenthes merrilliana produces the largest pitchers in the Insignes group and, unlike N. sibuyanensis, has two-flowered pedicels. Furthermore, its pitchers bear a pair of well developed fringed wings.[2]
Nepenthes sibuyanensis has also been compared to N. insignis. The former produces one-flowered pedicels, whereas those of N. insignis are two-flowered. The pitcher mouth of N. sibuyanensis is almost horizontal, compared to oblique in the latter. In addition, the peristome of N. sibuyanensis forms a short neck, while N. insignis lacks a neck completely. Furthermore, N. insignis has shorter peristome teeth than N. sibuyanensis (1 mm versus 5 mm). The pitchers of N. sibuyanensis also differ in shape, being ovate or slightly infundibulate.[2]
Notes
Folia mediocria sessilia, lamina lineari-lanceolata, nervis longitudinalibus utrinque 5-6, basi in alas 2 decurrente, vagina 0.; ascidia mediocria v. maiora, ovata v. infundibuliformia, costis 2 prominentibus, nonnunquam ad os rudimento alae ciliatae ornatis; peristomio operculum versus acuminato in collum breve elongato, applanato, 20 mm lato, costis 1.5 - 2 mm distantibus, dentibus 5 x longioribus quam latis. Operculo ovato-cordato, facie inferiore plano; inflorescentia racemus parvus pedicellis 8 mm longis, omnibus 1-floris; indumentum in partibus vegetativis subnullum, in inflorescentiis densum adpressum, e pilis simplicibus compositum.
References
- ^ . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Nerz, J., P. Mann, T. Alt & T. Smith 1998. Nepenthes sibuyanensis, a new Nepenthes from Sibuyan, a remote island of the Philippines. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 27(1): 18–23.
- ^ a b c Elmer, A.D.E. 1911. A fascicle of Sibuyan figs. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 4(69): 1307–1325.
- doi:10.2307/4118886
- ^ a b Mansell, G. N.d. Nepenthes sibuyanensis in cultivation Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine. Exotica Plants.
- ^ a b c d e f McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ a b c Mann, P. 1998. A trip to the Philippines. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 27(1): 6–11.
- ^
- ^ a b c d Rybka, V., R. Rybková & R. Cantley 2005. Nepenthes argentii on Sibuyan Island. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 34(2): 47–50.
- ^ Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106.
- ^ Elmer, A.D.E. 1912. Nepenthaceae. [pp. 1494–1496] In: Two score of new plants. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 4: 1475–1520.
- ISSN 0006-5196.
- ^ Argent, G. & D. Madulid 1998. Rhododendron rousei (Ericaceae): a beautiful new species from the Philippines. New Plantsman 5(1): 25–31.
- ^ Alave, K.L. 2011. Asia's 'Galapagos': Sibuyan Island under threat. Philippine Daily Inquirer, May 21, 2011.
- ^ Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
- ISSN 1179-3163.
Further reading
- Co, L. & W. Suarez 2012. Nepenthaceae. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines.
- McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- (in German) McPherson, S. & T. Gronemeyer 2008. Die Nepenthesarten der Philippinen Eine Fotodokumentation. Das Taublatt 60(1): 34–78.
- (in German) Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l.. Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
- Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840.
- Nunn, R., A.J. Lowrie, R. Sivertsen, R. Gibson, G. Bourke, C. Chiang, R. Cantley, D. Williams, B.A. Rice & E. Salvia 2014. In memory of Phillip James Mann (1951-2014). Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 43(4): 112–124.
- (in Czech) Rybka, V. 2002. Portréty rostlin - Nepenthes sibuyanesis (Nerz). )
- Valino, K. N.d. The First Guiting-guiting Expedition.