New Testament places associated with Jesus
Bethabara (Βέθαβαρά) on the Jordan River
The
Other places of interest to scholars include locations such as
Pilate Stone was discovered as the only archaeological item that mentions the Roman prefect Pontius Pilate, by whose order Jesus was crucified.[2][3]
The narrative of the ministry of Jesus in the gospels is usually separated into sections that have a geographical nature: his Galilean ministry follows his baptism, and continues in Galilee and surrounding areas until the death of John the Baptist.[1][4] This phase of activities in the Galilee area draws to an end approximately in Matthew 17 and Mark 9.
After the death of the Baptist, and Jesus'
Perea and Judea.[5][6] The journey ends with his triumphal entry into Jerusalem in Matthew 21 and Mark 11. The final part of Jesus' ministry then takes place during his last week in Jerusalem which ends in his crucifixion.[7]
Geography and ministry
Perea and Judea
at the time of JesusIn the New Testament accounts, the principal locations for the ministry of Jesus were Galilee and Judea, with activities also taking place in surrounding areas such as Perea and Samaria.[1][4]
The
gospel
narrative of the ministry of Jesus is traditionally separated into sections that have a geographical nature.
- Galilean ministry
- Jesus' ministry begins when after
- Journey to Jerusalem
- After the death of the Baptist, about half way through the gospels (approximately
- Final week in Jerusalem
- The final part of Jesus' ministry begins (Bethany. The gospels provide more details about the final portion than the other periods, devoting about one third of their text to the last week of the life of Jesus in Jerusalem which ends in his crucifixion.[7]
- Post-Resurrection appearances
- The New Testament accounts of the resurrection appearances of Jesus and his ascensionare placing him both in the Judea and the Galilee area.
Locations
Galilee
- Bethsaida: Mark 8:22–26 includes the account of the healing of the "Blind man of Bethsaida".[19]
- Capernaum: The pericope of Jesus in the synagogue of Capernaum amounts to the beginning of the public ministry of Jesus in the New Testament narrative.[8] Capernaum is mentioned in the gospels a number of times and other episodes such as healing the paralytic at Capernaum take place there.[22]
- Chorazin: In Matthew 11:23 and Luke 10:13–15 this village in Galilee appears in the context of the Rejection of Jesus.
- Flavius Josephus refers to the area as having very rich soil.[23] The town was perhaps halfway between Capernaum and Magdala.[24] The town appears in the Jesus healing in the land of Gennesaret episode in Matthew 14:34–36 and Mark 6:53–56.
- Mount of Transfiguration: The exact location of the mountain for the Transfiguration of Jesus is debated among scholars, and locations such as Mount Tabor have been suggested.[25]
- canonical gospelsin which Jesus raises the dead.
- Nazareth: In the gospels Nazareth is where a young Jesus grew up and where the Finding in the Temple episode took place.[27]
Decapolis and Perea
- Qasr el-Yahud.
- Decapolis: The healing the deaf mute of Decapolis takes place in this area.[34]
- Gerasa (also Gergesa or Gadara) is the location of the episode for the Gerasene demoniac in Mark 5:1–20, Matthew 8:28–34, and Luke 8:26–39.[35]
Samaria
- Pilate Stone, the only archaeological item that mentions the Roman prefect Pontius Pilate, by whose order Jesus was crucified.[2][3][36]
- Water of Life Discourse in John 4:10–26.[38]
Judea
- Raising of Lazarus episode, shortly before Jesus enters Jerusalem for the last time, takes place in Bethany.[39]
- "Bethany beyond the Jordan" in John 1:28 refers to another Bethany, across the Jordan in Qasr el Yahud.
- Bethabara: see under Perea.
- Bethesda: In John 5:1–18, the healing the paralytic at Bethesda episode takes place at the Pool of Bethesda in Jerusalem.[40]
- Bethlehem: The Gospel of Luke (2:1-7) states that the birth of Jesus took place in Bethlehem.[41][42]
- Eusebius of Caesarea (Onomasticon 58:13) located it on the Mount of Olives.[44]
- Calvary (Golgotha): Calvary is the Latin term for Golgotha the Greek translation of the Aramaic term for the place of the skull - the location for the Crucifixion of Jesus described in the New Testament.[45]
- Emmaus: In the Road to Emmaus appearance episode in Luke 24:13–32, a resurrected Jesus appears to two disciples and eats supper with them.[46][47]
- James Charlesworth considers this location of high archaeological significance and states that modern scholars believe this location was in the public square just outside the Praetorium in Jerusalem and was paved with large stones.[50]
- Gethsemane: In the gospels, immediately after the Last Supper, Jesus and his disciples go to the garden at Gethsemane, the location of the Agony in the Garden and Arrest of Jesus episodes.[51]
- Jericho: The Healing the blind near Jericho episode refers to Bartimaeus, one of the two people who are named and cured in the gospels.[52]
- Olivet discourse is named after it. In the Triumphal entry into Jerusalem episode, Jesus descends from the Mount of Olives towards Jerusalem and the crowds lay their clothes on the ground to welcome him.[53] In Acts 1:9-12, the Ascension of Jesustakes place near this mountain.
- Temple in Jerusalem: The Temple is featured in the Cleansing of the Temple incident, where Jesus expels the money changers.[54]
Other places
- "The region of Tyre and Sidon" (Mark 7:24–30 and Matthew 15:21–28) in what had once been Phoenicia and had become in Jesus' time part of Roman Syria, today situated in Southern Lebanon. There Jesus removed the demon from the daughter of a Syrophoenician woman.
- Caesarea Phillippi ("the villages around Caesarea Philippi"): the capital city of the tetrarchy of Philip is mentioned in Mark 8:27 and its surroundings are the first location where Jesus predicts his death (Mark 8:31).[58] This area is also important in the New Testament because, just before entering it in the Confession of Peter episode, Jesus asks his disciples "who do you think that I am?", producing the "You are the Christ of God" response from Apostle Peter in Matthew 16:13-20, Mark 8:27-29 and Luke 9:18-20.[59][60]
Archaeology
No documents written by Jesus exist,[65] and no specific archaeological remnants are directly attributed to him. The 21st century has witnessed an increase in scholarly interest in the integrated use of archaeology as an additional research component in arriving at a better understanding of the historical Jesus by illuminating the socio-economic and political background of his age.[66][67][68][69][70][71]
Pilate Stone, which mentions the Roman prefect Pontius Pilate, by whose order Jesus was crucified.[72][73][74]
Reed also states that archaeological finding related to
Render unto Caesar...) in which Jesus asks his disciples to look at a coin: "Whose portrait is this? And whose inscription?" and then advises them to "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's." Reed states that "the answer becomes much more subversive when one knows that Roman coinage proclaimed Caesar to be God".[66]
David Gowler states that an interdisciplinary scholarly study of archeology, textual analysis and historical context can shed light on Jesus and his teachings.[70] An example is the archeological studies at Capernaum. Despite the frequent references to Capernaum in the New Testament, little is said about it there.[75] However, recent archeological evidence show that unlike earlier assumptions, Capernaum was poor and small, without even a forum or agora.[70][76] This archaeological discovery thus resonates well with the scholarly view that Jesus advocated reciprocal sharing among the destitute in that area of Galilee.[70] Other archeological findings support the wealth of the ruling priests in Judea at the beginning of the first century.[68][77]
See also
- Jesus - acts and chronology
- Baptism of Jesus
- Chronology of Jesus
- Detailed Christian timeline
- Gospel harmony
- Historical Jesus
- Jesus in Christianity
- Life of Christin art
- Life of Jesus in the New Testament
- Macmillan Bible Atlas
- Ministry of Jesus
- Timeline of the Bible
- Sites associated with Jesus
- Ænon
- Al Maghtas
- Bethabara
- Qasr el Yahud
- Related
References
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- ^ ISBN 0810876671page 32
- ^ ISBN 1563383942, p. 18.
- ^ ISBN 0-7847-1900-4pages 117-130
- ^ ISBN 0-8006-2337-1pages 91-95
- ^ ISBN 0-521-00261-3pages 132-133
- ^ ISBN 0-8010-2684-9, p. 613.
- ^ ISBN 9788876528460page 7
- ISBN 0-85111-338-9page 71
- ISBN 978-0-918954-76-3pages xi-xiv
- ISBN 1-931018-31-6, pages 63–68
- ISBN 0-8054-9444-8pages 97-110
- ISBN 0-7847-1900-4pages 165-180
- ISBN 0-8054-9444-8pages 121-135
- ISBN 0-7847-1900-4pages 189-207
- ISBN 0-8054-9444-8page 137
- ISBN 0-7847-1900-4pages 211-229
- ISBN 0-86554-373-9page 929
- ISBN 1592442854page 419
- ^ H. Van der Loos, 1965 The Miracles of Jesus, E.J. Brill Press, Netherlands page 599
- ISBN 0881411930page 71
- ISBN 1592442854page 440
- ISBN 1593334826page 11
- ISBN 0804231214pages 129-130
- ^ B. Meistermann, "Transfiguration", The Catholic Encyclopedia, XV, New York: Robert Appleton Company
- ISBN 0664234356page 98
- ISBN 0882078127page 210
- ISBN 0851113389pages 83
- ISBN 0804231230page 69
- ^ J.W. Wenham, The Elements of New Testament Greek, Cambridge University Press, 1965, p. 75.
- ISBN 0801006627
- ^ ISBN 1-57921-928-4page 12
- ^ ISBN 0-8042-3125-7page 11
- ISBN 0804231214pages 138-140
- ISBN 0-7847-1900-4page 168
- ISBN 9004111425page 465
- ISBN 1931018251page 39
- ISBN 0664221807page 12
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- ISBN 1592442854page 462
- ISBN 978-0-86554-373-7
- ISBN 978-0-567-04073-2.
- ISBN 0199236666page 150
- ^ ISBN 0826485715page 80
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- ISBN 0-8042-3123-0page 284
- ISBN 0-8254-3377-0pages 297-230
- ^ ISBN 0810876671page 62
- ISBN 080284880Xpages 34 and 573
- ISBN 080284880Xpages 34
- ISBN 1564760308pages 268-269
- ^ Mary Ann Tolbert, Sowing the Gospel: Mark's World in Literary-Historical Perspective 1996, Fortress Press. p189
- ISBN 0-664-22754-6pages 256-258
- ISBN 0-7814-4228-1page 49
- ISBN 0-8054-9444-8pages 30-37
- ISBN 0-415-26036-1pages 96-100
- ^ The Birth of Jesus According to the Gospels by Joseph F. Kelly 2008 ISBN pages 41-49
- ISBN 0829419705pages 200-202
- ISBN 0-8146-5965-9page 336
- ISBN 0-8146-2211-9pages 885-886
- ISBN 0-8028-3781-6page 689
- ISBN 0-8308-2699-8page 21
- ^ ISBN 0-415-35488-9pages 159-161
- ^ ISBN 978-0-415-21284-7page 81
- ISBN 0-19-955787-X pages 1-3 "As regards the 'things which Jesus did', let me note that he left no letters or other personal documents."—page 2
- ^ ISBN 978-0-691-00992-6pages 40-47
- ISBN 1-56338-394-2pages xi-xii
- ^ a b Craig A. Evans (Mar 26, 2012). The Archaeological Evidence For Jesus.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ ISBN 0-8028-4880-Xpages 11-15
- ^ ISBN 0-8091-4445-Xpage 102
- ISBN 978-0-664-23413-3.
- ^ ISBN 1-56338-394-2page 18
- ISBN 0-8108-7667-1page 32
- ISBN 90-04-11142-5page 465
- ISBN 1-56338-394-2page 139-156
- ISBN 0-8028-4880-Xpage 127
- ISBN 0-664-22462-8page 187
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