Sócrates
Personal information | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Full name | Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira [1] | |||||||||||||||||||
Date of birth | citation needed] | 19 February 1954[|||||||||||||||||||
Place of birth | Belém, Pará, Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||
Date of death | 4 December 2011 | (aged 57)|||||||||||||||||||
Place of death | São Paulo, Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||
Height | 1.92 m (6 ft 4 in) | |||||||||||||||||||
Position(s) | Midfielder | |||||||||||||||||||
Senior career* | ||||||||||||||||||||
Years | Team | Apps | (Gls) | |||||||||||||||||
1973–1978 | Botafogo-SP | 99 | (35) | |||||||||||||||||
1978–1984 | Corinthians | 135 | (74) | |||||||||||||||||
1984–1985 | Fiorentina | 25 | (6) | |||||||||||||||||
1986–1987 |
Flamengo | 12 | (3) | |||||||||||||||||
1988–1989 | Santos | 25 | (7) | |||||||||||||||||
1989 | Botafogo-SP | 6 | (0) | |||||||||||||||||
2004[2] | Garforth Town | 1 | (0) | |||||||||||||||||
Total | 303 | (172) | ||||||||||||||||||
International career | ||||||||||||||||||||
1979–1986 | Brazil | 60 | (22) | |||||||||||||||||
Managerial career | ||||||||||||||||||||
1994 | Botafogo-SP | |||||||||||||||||||
1996 |
LDU Quito | |||||||||||||||||||
1999 | Cabofriense | |||||||||||||||||||
Medal record
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*Club domestic league appearances and goals |
Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira e Oliveira[1] (19 February 1954 – 4 December 2011), simply known as Sócrates [ˈsɔkɾat͡ʃis], was a Brazilian footballer who played as a midfielder. His medical degree and his political awareness, combined with style and quality of his play, earned him the nickname "Doctor Socrates". Easily recognizable for his beard and headband, Sócrates became the "symbol of cool for a whole generation of football supporters".[3] In 1983, he was named South American Footballer of the Year. In 2004, he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players.[4]
Socrates played for
Playing career
Club career
Sócrates was born in
In
International career
Sócrates was capped 60 times for Brazil between May 1979 and June 1986, scoring 22 goals.[8] He captained the national team at the 1982 FIFA World Cup, and also appeared in the 1986 World Cup in Mexico.[6] In the latter edition, he scored twice, starting with the game's only goal against Spain in the group stage.[10] he added another in the round-of-16 4–0 win over Poland, shooting his penalty kick without running; in the following game, against France, he tried to convert it in the same fashion, but had his shootout attempt saved by goalkeeper Joël Bats; France ultimately progressed to the semi-finals.[11] Sócrates also represented his country at the 1979 and 1983 Copa América tournaments. In the latter he appeared in only one game, the second leg of the final against Uruguay (1–1 home draw, 3-1 aggregate loss).[12]
Style of play
A former
Sócrates was a key member of the Brazil national team of the early to mid-1980s;
Personal life
Sócrates was the firstborn child of Raimundo and Guiomar Vieira. He was born in Belém, Pará, and relocated with his family to Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, in January 1960 after his father Raimundo earned an important position as revenue supervisor. This job earned Sócrates' father the status of a small-town hero in Igarapé-Açu, where the family lived at the time. His father's new salary allowed Sócrates to attend the best school in Ribeirão Preto, Colégio Marista. In a biography written by the journalist Tom Cardoso, it is revealed that the small library Sócrates' father had built in his home, containing philosophy books and other works, came under threat as of the 1964 Brazialian coup d'état. Sócrates watched his father rid himself of books that he so loved. He recalled: "In 1964, I saw my father tear many books, because of the coup d'état. I thought that was absurd, because the library was the thing he liked best. That was when I felt that something was not right. But I only understood much later, in college." At age 10, Sócrates was exposed to the repercussions of the military dictatorship's censorship. His childhood was marked by this event which he came to comprehend as an adult later in life.[24][25]
Sócrates married four times, divorced three times, and died in his fourth marriage. He had six children. He was a columnist for a number of newspapers and magazines, writing not only about sports, but also politics and economics. He frequently appeared on Brazilian TV programmes as a football pundit. At the time of his death, Sócrates was writing a fictional book about the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.[26] Sócrates was a physician, a rare achievement for a professional footballer (he held a bachelor's degree in medicine from the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, the medical school of the University of São Paulo).[27] Even rarer is the fact that he earned the degree while concurrently playing professional football. After retiring as a player he practised medicine in Ribeirão Preto.[3] He was also noted for being an intellectual, a heavy drinker and a smoker.[11] His younger brother Raí was also a footballer and an attacking midfielder, being a member of the Brazilian team that won the World Cup in 1994, notably playing for São Paulo and for Paris Saint-Germain.[28][29][30]
Politics
During his time at Corinthians, Sócrates co-founded the
On 16 April 1984, Sócrates spoke out in support of Diretas Já (Free Elections Now), a popular movement that called for direct presidential elections.[34] In Socrates and the Corinthians' Democracy,[35] Juca Kfouri, a Brazilian journalist, recalls how "Socrates took the risk of saying, in front of two million people gathered on the cathedral square, that if direct presidential elections weren't accepted by the regime, he'd go play in Italy."[36] By hinging his transfer abroad on the outcome of a constitutional amendment, Socrates' political legacy began to form. His denunciation of the military dictatorship and fight to redemocratize Brazil extended his legacy beyond the football field. Sócrates stated that three of his childhood heroes were Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, and John Lennon.[37] He was also a member of the Brazil Workers' Party,[38] and said that "Lula was good" but that he had "earned a mere seven or so out of ten" for his way of governing Brazil.[39]
Death and tributes
In 2011, Sócrates' health started to deteriorate. His use of alcohol has been linked to this.
Corinthians fans held up signs in tribute and there was a moment of silence before the team's match against Palmeiras (a 0–0 draw which secured Corinthians their first Brazilian title for six years).
Legacy
Career statistics
Club
Club | Season | League | Cup[a] | Other[b] | Continental | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||
Botafogo-SP | 1973 | — | – | – | 3 | 0 | – | 3 | 0 | |||
1974 | — | – | – | 24 | 4 | – | 24 | 4 | ||||
1975 | — | – | – | 15 | 7 | – | 15 | 7 | ||||
1976 | Série A | 19 | 5 | – | 25 | 14 | – | 44 | 19 | |||
1977 | 16 | 9 | – | 42 | 18 | – | 58 | 27 | ||||
1978 | 22 | 10 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 22 | 10 | ||||
Total | 57 | 24 | — | 109 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 166 | 67 | |||
Corinthians | 1978 | Série A | 0 | 0 | – | 47 | 23 | – | 47 | 23 | ||
1979 | — | – | – | 29 | 10 | – | 29 | 10 | ||||
1980 | Série A | 16 | 13 | – | 29 | 15 | – | 45 | 28 | |||
1981 | 1 | 1 | – | 36 | 22 | – | 37 | 23 | ||||
1982 | 9 | 5 | – | 37 | 18 | – | 46 | 23 | ||||
1983 | 20 | 15 | – | 32 | 21 | – | 52 | 36 | ||||
1984 | 13 | 7 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 13 | 7 | ||||
Total | 59 | 41 | — | 210 | 109 | 0 | 0 | 269 | 150 | |||
Fiorentina | 1984–85 | Serie A | 25 | 6 | 4 | 1 | – | 4 | 2 | 33 | 9 | |
Flamengo
|
1986 | Série A | 11 | 3 | – | 1 | 0 | – | 12 | 3 | ||
1987 | 0 | 0 | – | 1 | 0 | – | 1 | 0 | ||||
Total | 11 | 3 | — | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 3 | |||
Santos | 1988 | Série A | 5 | 2 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 5 | 2 | ||
1989 | 0 | 0 | – | 20 | 5 | – | 20 | 5 | ||||
Total | 5 | 2 | — | 20 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 7 | |||
Botafogo-SP | 1989 | Série B | 6 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 6 | 0 | ||
Garforth Town | 2004–05 | NCEFL | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 1 | 0 | |
Career total | 164 | 76 | 4 | 1 | 341 | 157 | 4 | 2 | 513 | 236 |
- ^ Includes Copa do Brasil, Coppa Italia, FA Cup
- ^ Includes State League, Supercoppa, FA Vase
International
National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
---|---|---|---|
Brazil | 1979 | 6 | 5 |
1980 | 8 | 2 | |
1981 | 15 | 6 | |
1982 | 9 | 4 | |
1983 | 8 | 2 | |
1984 | 0 | 0 | |
1985 | 5 | 1 | |
1986 | 9 | 2 | |
Total | 60 | 22 |
Honours
Botafogo-SP
Corinthians
Flamengo
- Taça Rio: 1986
- Campeonato Carioca: 1986
Brazil
- Copa América runner-up: 1983; third place: 1979
- Brazil-England Cup: 1981[53][54]
Individual
- Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame
- FIFA 100
- World Soccer: 61st Greatest Player of the 20th Century
- Campeonato Paulista top scorer: 1976
- Bola de Prata: 1980
- FIFA XI: 1982[55]
- South American Footballer of the Year: 1983
- FAI International Football Awards – International Personality: 2007[56]
- World Soccer: World Team of the Year 1982, 1983, 1984[57]
References
- ^ ISBN 9786584568044.
- ^ a b "Garforth chairman pays tribute to Brazil legend Socrates". BBC News. 4 December 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ a b c Jurejko, Jonathan (4 December 2011). "Obituary: Socrates". BBC Sport. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ "Pele's list of the greatest". BBC Sport. 4 March 2004. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
- ^ Daniel Pearl (3 April 2006). "No flair please, he's Brazilian". London: BBC. Retrieved 3 July 2006.
- ^ a b c Glanville, Brian (4 December 2011). "Sócrates: Formidable captain of the Brazilian team in the 1982 World Cup". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ "Samba stars to join Garforth Town". BBC Sport. 27 October 2004. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ a b "Brazil World Cup captain Sócrates: a factfile". The Guardian. London. 4 December 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ The day Socrates played for Garforth
- ^ Spain – Brazil 0–1 (0–0); Planet World Cup, 1 June 1986
- ^ a b Henderson, Jon (21 May 2009). "Seven deadly sins of football: Socrates, the smoking supremo". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- RSSSF. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
- ^ "The Greatest Offensive Midfielders of All-Time – Xtratime Community". Xtratime. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ a b Brian Glanville (4 December 2011). "Sócrates obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ "Brazil's greatest midfielders". Sky Sports. 2 July 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ a b "Un ricordo del "Dottore"" (in Italian). www.tuttobolognaweb.it. 4 December 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Paolo Manzo (5 December 2011). "Addio a Socrates, Dottore dai piedi buoni: segnò per la democrazia" (in Italian). La Stampa. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ "MONDIALI IN SPAGNA 1982" (in Italian). www.magliarossonera.it. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ "Addio Socrates, campione laureato" (in Italian). La Stampa. 4 December 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ "Top 10: Players of Spain '82". FourFourTwo. 2 June 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
- ^ "Brazil's tears at death of 'Doctor' Socrates". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
- ^ Germano Bovolenta (5 December 2011). "Ciao Socrates. Colpi di tacco e politica: ha vinto fuori dal coro". La Gazzetta dello Sport (in Italian). p. 19. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Giacomo Perra (4 December 2011). "Calopresti, lo sfondo di Firenze in un film per ricordare Socrates" (in Italian). Il Messaggero. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Argueta, Laura (2016). "Socrates: brief overview of how childhood experiences led to his later politics". Weebly. US. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
- ISBN 9788539006212.
- ^ Bellos, Alex (13 June 2010). "Sócrates: 'Everyone who comes to Brazil falls in love with someone'". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ "Greatest Who Never Won a World Cup". Life. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ Ramil, Tatiana (4 December 2011). "Former Brazil captain Socrates dies at 57". Reuters India. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
- ^ "Europe's surprising challenge to the latin game" Archived 27 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times. 9 July 1994.
- ^ "Where are they now? Rai". The Guardian. 22 June 2008.
- ^ "The Role of the Corinthians' Democracy in Brazil's Re-democratization: Director Pedro Asbeg discusses Black and White Democracy". Sounds and Colours. 26 November 2014.
- ^ "Sócrates – midfielder and anti-dictatorship resister". Libcom. 12 July 2007. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ Correia, Mickaël (20 October 2023). A People’s History of Soccer. Pluto Press. pp. 123–33.
- ^ "Socrates, Brazil's swaggering revolutionary". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
- ^ Rebels, Football. "Socrates and the Corinthians' Democracy". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ Perez, Gilles (Writer); Rof, Gilles (11 July 2012). Football Rebels. Socrates and the Corinthians' Democracy. Al Jazeera.
- ^ Mitten, Andy (25 February 2010). "Andy Mitten Column: Interview with Socrates". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ Bailey, Ryan. "Carlos Valderrama and 10 Footballers Turned Politicians". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
- ^ "Sócrates". The Economist. 10 December 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
- ^ In the last four months, Socrates has been taken into intensive care three times, mainly due to his alcohol abuse.
- Independent.co.uk. 4 December 2011.
- ^ "Former Brazil captain Socrates discharged from hospital". BBC Sport. 27 August 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ "Former Brazil captain Sócrates dies in hospital at the age of 57". The Guardian. Reuters. 4 December 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
- ^ "Sócrates on life support in hospital after suffering from septic shock". The Guardian. London. 3 December 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ "Breaking news: Brazil legend Socrates dies aged 57". Goal.com. 4 December 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ "Former Brazil Soccer Captain Socrates Dies at 57". TSN. 4 December 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f "Brazil football legend Socrates dies at 57". BBC Sport. 4 December 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ Savarese, Mauricio. "Socrates: "I Want To Die On A Sunday Corinthians Win A Trophy."". Sabotage Times.
- ^ a b "Sócrates". National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- )
- ^ "Socrates career stats". Football Database.eu. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ Torneio Vicente Feola in 1976
- ^ Brazilian footballer Socrates holds the trophy after Brazil beat England 1-0 in a friendly international at Wembley Stadium, London. gettyimages, 12th May 1981.
- ^ Brazilian footballer Socrates holds the trophy after Brazil beat England 1-0 in a friendly international at Wembley Stadium, London. pinterest, 12th May 1981.
- ^ "Matches of FIFA XI". RSSSF.
- ^ "18th International Soccer Awards Ceremony". rissc.org. Republic of Ireland Soccer Supporters Club. 3 February 2008. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ "Eric Batty's World XI's – The Eighties and Nineties". Beyond The Last Man. 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2020.