Jeremy Corbyn: Difference between revisions
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Corbyn was educated at [[Castle House School|Castle House Preparatory School]], an [[independent school]] near [[Newport, Shropshire]], before attending [[Adams' Grammar School]] as a day student.<ref name="roth profile">{{cite web|url=http://internetserver.bishopsgate.org.uk/files/Parliamentary%20Profiles%20Archive/A-D/CORBYN,%20Jeremy/CORBYN,%20Jeremy.pdf|title=Jeremy (Bernard) Corbyn Parliamentary Profile by Andrew Roth}}</ref><ref name="shropstar">{{cite news|title=Confrontation looms large in life of a rebel with a cause|work=Shropshire Star|date=22 August 2015|page=20}} Part of Special Report on Corbyn and Labour leadership campaign.</ref> While still at school, he became active in The [[Wrekin (UK Parliament constituency)|Wrekin constituency]] [[Young Socialists (UK)|Young Socialists]], his [[Constituency Labour Party|local Labour Party]], and the [[League Against Cruel Sports]].<ref name="shropstar" /> He achieved two E-grade [[GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)|A-Levels]] before leaving school at 18.<ref>{{cite news|title = Jeremy Corbyn's A-levels didn't go too well, to say the least|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/student/istudents/alevel-results-2015-labour-leader-hopeful-jeremy-corbyn-received-2-egrades-in-his-exams-how-did-other-politicians-fare-10454422.html|accessdate=3 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265 |title=The Jeremy Corbyn Story: Profile of Labour leader |
Corbyn was educated at [[Castle House School|Castle House Preparatory School]], an [[independent school]] near [[Newport, Shropshire]], before attending [[Adams' Grammar School]] as a day student.<ref name="roth profile">{{cite web|url=http://internetserver.bishopsgate.org.uk/files/Parliamentary%20Profiles%20Archive/A-D/CORBYN,%20Jeremy/CORBYN,%20Jeremy.pdf|title=Jeremy (Bernard) Corbyn Parliamentary Profile by Andrew Roth}}</ref><ref name="shropstar">{{cite news|title=Confrontation looms large in life of a rebel with a cause|work=Shropshire Star|date=22 August 2015|page=20}} Part of Special Report on Corbyn and Labour leadership campaign.</ref> While still at school, he became active in The [[Wrekin (UK Parliament constituency)|Wrekin constituency]] [[Young Socialists (UK)|Young Socialists]], his [[Constituency Labour Party|local Labour Party]], and the [[League Against Cruel Sports]].<ref name="shropstar" /> He achieved two E-grade [[GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)|A-Levels]] before leaving school at 18.<ref>{{cite news|title = Jeremy Corbyn's A-levels didn't go too well, to say the least|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/student/istudents/alevel-results-2015-labour-leader-hopeful-jeremy-corbyn-received-2-egrades-in-his-exams-how-did-other-politicians-fare-10454422.html|accessdate=3 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265 |title=The Jeremy Corbyn Story: Profile of Labour leader |
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}}</ref> Corbyn joined the [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]] (CND) in 1966 whilst at school<ref name=beeb /> and later became one of its three [[Vice chairman|vice-chairs]]. |
}}</ref> Corbyn joined the [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]] (CND) in 1966 whilst at school<ref name=beeb /> and later became one of its three [[Vice chairman|vice-chairs]]. He also joined the [[League Against Cruel Sports]] at school.<ref name="bbcprofile">{{cite news |last=Wheeler|first=Brian|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2017-39807055|title= TheJeremy Corbyn story: Profile of Labour leader|work= |location= publisher=''[[BBC News]]''|date=23 May 2017|accessdate=13 August 2017}}</ref> |
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After school,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shropshirestar.com/news/2015/06/04/shropshire-educated-jeremy-corbyn-joins-labour-leadership-race/|title=Shropshire-educated Jeremy Corbyn joins Labour leadership race |work=Shropshire Star|accessdate=22 September 2015}}</ref> Corbyn worked briefly as a reporter for a local newspaper, the ''Newport and Market Drayton Advertiser''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Night Corbyn devised Wrekin red flag plan|work=Shropshire Star|date=13 October 2014|page=14}}Report by Toby Neal, refers to local Young Socialist activity unconnected with his journalistic work which was remembered by a former colleague quoted in the story.</ref> At around the age of 19 he spent two years doing [[Voluntary Service Overseas]] in [[Jamaica]].<ref name="BBC News The Jeremy Corbyn Story: Profile of Labour leader">{{cite web|last1=Wheeler|first1=Brian|title=The Jeremy Corbyn Story: Profile of Labour leader|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265|website=BBC News|accessdate=15 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912194927/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265|archivedate=12 September 2015|language=English|date=24 September 2016}}</ref> |
After school,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shropshirestar.com/news/2015/06/04/shropshire-educated-jeremy-corbyn-joins-labour-leadership-race/|title=Shropshire-educated Jeremy Corbyn joins Labour leadership race |work=Shropshire Star|accessdate=22 September 2015}}</ref> Corbyn worked briefly as a reporter for a local newspaper, the ''Newport and Market Drayton Advertiser''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Night Corbyn devised Wrekin red flag plan|work=Shropshire Star|date=13 October 2014|page=14}}Report by Toby Neal, refers to local Young Socialist activity unconnected with his journalistic work which was remembered by a former colleague quoted in the story.</ref> At around the age of 19 he spent two years doing [[Voluntary Service Overseas]] in [[Jamaica]].<ref name="BBC News The Jeremy Corbyn Story: Profile of Labour leader">{{cite web|last1=Wheeler|first1=Brian|title=The Jeremy Corbyn Story: Profile of Labour leader|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265|website=BBC News|accessdate=15 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912194927/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265|archivedate=12 September 2015|language=English|date=24 September 2016}}</ref> |
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===Labour in opposition (1983–97)=== |
===Labour in opposition (1983–97)=== |
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Corbyn was selected as the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] [[Prospective parliamentary candidate|candidate]] for the [[Electoral district|constituency]] of [[Islington North (UK Parliament constituency)|Islington North]], in February 1982,<ref name=beeb /><ref name="Criddle2005">{{citation|author=Byron Criddle|title=The Almanac of British Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LPsrwLbOs0C&pg=PA483|date=19 August 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-49381-4|page=483}}</ref> winning the final ballot by 39 votes against 35 for GLC councillor [[Paul Boateng]].<ref name="roth profile" /> At the [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983 general election]] he was elected [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for Islington North,<ref name=beeb /> after defeating the incumbent [[Michael O'Halloran (British politician)|Michael O'Halloran]] and immediately joined the socialist <!-- Added 'Socialist' early in the New Labour era. -->[[Socialist Campaign Group|Campaign Group]], later becoming secretary of the group.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kinnock|first1=Neil|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/2016/07/neil-kinnock-when-corbyn-wanted-me-deposed-i-sought-nominations-mps|title=When Corbyn wanted me deposed, I sought nominations from MPs|work=New Statesman|date=12 July 2016|accessdate=15 May 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://leftunity.org/jeremy-corbyn-thinking-the-unthinkable/ "Jeremy Corbyn: thinking the unthinkable"], leftunity.org; retrieved 22 September 2015</ref> Shortly after being elected to parliament, he began writing a weekly column for the ''[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]]'',<ref name=LusherIndy>{{cite news|last1=Lusher|first1=Adam|title=Jeremy Corbyn: In search of the man threatening to wrench Labour to the left|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/in-search-of-the-real-jeremy-corbyn--the-man-threatening-to-wrench-labour-to-the-left-10397997.html|accessdate=21 September 2015|work=The Independent|date=17 July 2015}}</ref> saying in May 2015 that "the ''Star'' is the most precious and only voice we have in the daily media".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Greenslade|first1=Roy|title=Morning Star opts for youth by appointing Ben Chacko as editor|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/may/26/morning-star-opts-for-youth-by-appointing-ben-chacko-as-editor|accessdate=22 April 2016|work=The Guardian|date=26 May 2015|language=en-GB}}</ref> |
Corbyn was selected as the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] [[Prospective parliamentary candidate|candidate]] for the [[Electoral district|constituency]] of [[Islington North (UK Parliament constituency)|Islington North]], in February 1982,<ref name=beeb /><ref name="Criddle2005">{{citation|author=Byron Criddle|title=The Almanac of British Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LPsrwLbOs0C&pg=PA483|date=19 August 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-49381-4|page=483}}</ref> winning the final ballot by 39 votes against 35 for GLC councillor [[Paul Boateng]].<ref name="roth profile" /> At the [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983 general election]] he was elected [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for Islington North,<ref name=beeb /> after defeating the incumbent [[Michael O'Halloran (British politician)|Michael O'Halloran]] and immediately joined the socialist <!-- Added 'Socialist' early in the New Labour era. -->[[Socialist Campaign Group|Campaign Group]], later becoming secretary of the group.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kinnock|first1=Neil|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/2016/07/neil-kinnock-when-corbyn-wanted-me-deposed-i-sought-nominations-mps|title=When Corbyn wanted me deposed, I sought nominations from MPs|work=New Statesman|date=12 July 2016|accessdate=15 May 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://leftunity.org/jeremy-corbyn-thinking-the-unthinkable/ "Jeremy Corbyn: thinking the unthinkable"], leftunity.org; retrieved 22 September 2015</ref> Shortly after being elected to parliament, he began writing a weekly column for the ''[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]]'',<ref name=LusherIndy>{{cite news|last1=Lusher|first1=Adam|title=Jeremy Corbyn: In search of the man threatening to wrench Labour to the left|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/in-search-of-the-real-jeremy-corbyn--the-man-threatening-to-wrench-labour-to-the-left-10397997.html|accessdate=21 September 2015|work=The Independent|date=17 July 2015}}</ref> saying in May 2015 that "the ''Star'' is the most precious and only voice we have in the daily media".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Greenslade|first1=Roy|title=Morning Star opts for youth by appointing Ben Chacko as editor|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/may/26/morning-star-opts-for-youth-by-appointing-ben-chacko-as-editor|accessdate=22 April 2016|work=The Guardian|date=26 May 2015|language=en-GB}}</ref> |
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Corbyn spoke out in 1983 on a "no socialism without gay liberation" platform and continued to campaign for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights.<ref name="bbcprofile"/> |
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He was a campaigner against [[apartheid]] in South Africa, serving on the National Executive of the [[Anti-Apartheid Movement]],<ref name="Proctor">{{cite news|url=http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/labour-mps-switch-andy-burnham-9433599 |title=Labour MPs switch from Andy Burnham to left-winger Jeremy Corbyn in leadership race |first=Kate |last=Proctor |date=13 June 2015 |work=[[Newcastle Evening Chronicle]] |accessdate=20 June 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618164047/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/labour-mps-switch-andy-burnham-9433599 |archivedate=18 June 2015 |df= }}</ref> and was arrested in 1984 while demonstrating outside [[South Africa House]].<ref name="Prince" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Gavin|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/news/blog/2015-archive-1/october/apartheid-research-project-unearths-viral-image-of-labour-party-leader|title=Research unearths viral image of Labour Party leader|publisher=University of Leicester|date=15 October 2015|accessdate=5 July 2016}}</ref> |
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He supported the [[UK miners' strike (1984–85)|miners' strike]] and was given a medallion in recognition of his help at the end of the strike by the miners.<ref name="walesonline">{{cite news |last=Williamson|first=David|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/politics/miners-hero-tyrone-osullivan-given-11666739|title=Miners' hero Tyrone O'Sullivan has given Jeremy Corbyn a thundering endorsement|work= |location=Wales|publisher=''[[Wales Online]]''|date=27 July 2017|accessdate=13 August 2017}}</ref> He invited striking miners into House of Commons gallery in 1985, who were expelled for shouting: "Coal not dole".<ref name="bbcprofile"/> |
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During the BBC's ''[[Newsnight]]'' in 1984, Conservative MP [[Terry Dicks]] asserted that so-called Labour scruffs (such as Corbyn, who at this time was known for wearing open-necked shirts to the Commons<ref>{{cite news|last1=Russell|first1=William|title=Suitable case for fashionable MPs?|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xf89AAAAIBAJ&sjid=fUkMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4265%2C1992336|accessdate=20 September 2015|work=The Glasgow Herald|date=10 July 1984}}</ref>) should be banned from addressing the House of Commons unless they maintained higher standards. Corbyn responded, saying that: "It's not a fashion parade, it's not a gentleman's club, it's not a bankers' institute, it's a place where the people are represented."<ref>{{cite AV media|year=1984|title=Scruffy Jeremy Corbyn winds up Tories in 1984|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZsYvkTw4Rg|format=YouTube video|location=[[Houses of Parliament]], [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]|publisher=Newsnight}}</ref> |
During the BBC's ''[[Newsnight]]'' in 1984, Conservative MP [[Terry Dicks]] asserted that so-called Labour scruffs (such as Corbyn, who at this time was known for wearing open-necked shirts to the Commons<ref>{{cite news|last1=Russell|first1=William|title=Suitable case for fashionable MPs?|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xf89AAAAIBAJ&sjid=fUkMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4265%2C1992336|accessdate=20 September 2015|work=The Glasgow Herald|date=10 July 1984}}</ref>) should be banned from addressing the House of Commons unless they maintained higher standards. Corbyn responded, saying that: "It's not a fashion parade, it's not a gentleman's club, it's not a bankers' institute, it's a place where the people are represented."<ref>{{cite AV media|year=1984|title=Scruffy Jeremy Corbyn winds up Tories in 1984|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZsYvkTw4Rg|format=YouTube video|location=[[Houses of Parliament]], [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]|publisher=Newsnight}}</ref> |
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In 2013, Corbyn was awarded the [[Gandhi International Peace Award]] for his "consistent efforts over a 30-year parliamentary career to uphold the [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhian]] values of social justice and non‐violence."<ref name="prize 2013">{{cite web|url=http://gandhifoundation.org/2014/01/09/the-gandhi-foundation-international-peace-award-2013|title=The Gandhi Foundation International Peace Award 2013|work=gandhifoundation.org|publisher=The Gandhi Foundation|date=9 January 2014|accessdate=2 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.camdennewjournal.com/gulliver-jeremy-corbyn-mp-%E2%80%98gandhian-values%E2%80%99 |title=GULLIVER: Jeremy Corbyn – An MP with ‘Gandhian values’|journal=[[Camden New Journal]]|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref> In the same year, he was honoured by the [[Grassroot Diplomat]] Initiative for his "ongoing support for a number of non-government organisations and civil causes".<ref>{{cite news|title=Grassroot Diplomat Who's Who|url=http://www.grassrootdiplomat.org/whoswho|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520125406/http://www.grassrootdiplomat.org/whoswho/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=20 May 2015|accessdate=27 April 2015|work=Grassroot Diplomat|date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Corbyn has won the Parliamentary "Beard of the Year Award" a record six times, as well as being named as the [[Beard Liberation Front]]'s ''Beard of the Year'', having previously described his beard as "a form of dissent" against [[New Labour]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Beards – Diary|first=Jack|last=Malvern|work=The Times|location=London, UK|date=10 January 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-wins-parliamentary-beard-of-the-year-for-record-sixth-time-a6769616.html|title=Jeremy Corbyn wins Parliamentary Beard of the Year for record sixth time|author=Matt Dathan|date=11 December 2015|work=The Independent}}</ref> |
In 2013, Corbyn was awarded the [[Gandhi International Peace Award]] for his "consistent efforts over a 30-year parliamentary career to uphold the [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhian]] values of social justice and non‐violence."<ref name="prize 2013">{{cite web|url=http://gandhifoundation.org/2014/01/09/the-gandhi-foundation-international-peace-award-2013|title=The Gandhi Foundation International Peace Award 2013|work=gandhifoundation.org|publisher=The Gandhi Foundation|date=9 January 2014|accessdate=2 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.camdennewjournal.com/gulliver-jeremy-corbyn-mp-%E2%80%98gandhian-values%E2%80%99 |title=GULLIVER: Jeremy Corbyn – An MP with ‘Gandhian values’|journal=[[Camden New Journal]]|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref> In the same year, he was honoured by the [[Grassroot Diplomat]] Initiative for his "ongoing support for a number of non-government organisations and civil causes".<ref>{{cite news|title=Grassroot Diplomat Who's Who|url=http://www.grassrootdiplomat.org/whoswho|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520125406/http://www.grassrootdiplomat.org/whoswho/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=20 May 2015|accessdate=27 April 2015|work=Grassroot Diplomat|date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Corbyn has won the Parliamentary "Beard of the Year Award" a record six times, as well as being named as the [[Beard Liberation Front]]'s ''Beard of the Year'', having previously described his beard as "a form of dissent" against [[New Labour]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Beards – Diary|first=Jack|last=Malvern|work=The Times|location=London, UK|date=10 January 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-wins-parliamentary-beard-of-the-year-for-record-sixth-time-a6769616.html|title=Jeremy Corbyn wins Parliamentary Beard of the Year for record sixth time|author=Matt Dathan|date=11 December 2015|work=The Independent}}</ref> |
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In January 2016 it was announced that a satirical musical based on Corbyn's life, and written by Rupert Myers and Bobby Friedman, would be staged at the Waterloo East Theatre in London later in the year. BBC News suggested that ''Corbyn the Musical: The Motorcycle Diaries'' "may be the first stage show written about a leader of the opposition".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35371204 |title=Jeremy Corbyn musical to be staged in London |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=21 January 2016 |accessdate=21 January 2016}}</ref> |
In January 2016, it was announced that a satirical musical based on Corbyn's life, and written by Rupert Myers and Bobby Friedman, would be staged at the Waterloo East Theatre in London later in the year. BBC News suggested that ''Corbyn the Musical: The Motorcycle Diaries'' "may be the first stage show written about a leader of the opposition".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35371204 |title=Jeremy Corbyn musical to be staged in London |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=21 January 2016 |accessdate=21 January 2016}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
Revision as of 15:35, 13 August 2017
Member of Parliament for Islington North | |
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Assumed office 9 June 1983 | |
Preceded by | Michael O'Halloran |
Majority | 33,215 (60.5%) |
Personal details | |
Born | Jeremy Bernard Corbyn 26 May 1949 Chippenham, England, UK |
Political party | Labour |
Spouse(s) |
Claudia Bracchitta
(m. 1987; div. 1999)Laura Álvarez (m. 2013) |
Children | 3 sons |
Residence(s) | |
Alma mater | North London Polytechnic |
Website | Official website |
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Backbencher
Leader of the Opposition and Labour Party
Elections
Cultural depictions
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Jeremy Bernard Corbyn (
Corbyn began his career as a representative for various trade unions. His political career began when he was elected to Haringey Council in 1974; he later became Secretary of Hornsey Constituency Labour Party, and continued in both roles until elected MP for Islington North. As a backbench MP he was known for his activism and rebelliousness, frequently voting against the Labour whip, including when the party was in government under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.
Ideologically, Corbyn self-identifies as a
Corbyn announced his
After the
Early life
Corbyn was born in
Corbyn was educated at
After school,[20] Corbyn worked briefly as a reporter for a local newspaper, the Newport and Market Drayton Advertiser.[21] At around the age of 19 he spent two years doing Voluntary Service Overseas in Jamaica.[22]
Early career and political activities
Returning to the UK in 1971, he worked as an
He was appointed a
Corbyn became the local Labour Party's agent and organiser,
In the July 1982 edition of
Parliamentary backbencher (1983–2015)
Labour in opposition (1983–97)
Corbyn was selected as the
Corbyn spoke out in 1983 on a "no socialism without gay liberation" platform and continued to campaign for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights.[19]
He was a campaigner against
He supported the
During the BBC's Newsnight in 1984, Conservative MP Terry Dicks asserted that so-called Labour scruffs (such as Corbyn, who at this time was known for wearing open-necked shirts to the Commons[46]) should be banned from addressing the House of Commons unless they maintained higher standards. Corbyn responded, saying that: "It's not a fashion parade, it's not a gentleman's club, it's not a bankers' institute, it's a place where the people are represented."[47]
Sinn Féin, IRA and similar links
In the 1980s Corbyn took a keen interest in the conflict in
Corbyn was arrested in 1986 for protesting against the trial of a group of IRA members including the Brighton Bomber Patrick Magee. Magee was convicted of murdering five people and the group were convicted of planning a "massive bombing campaign in London and seaside resorts". After refusing police requests to move from outside the court, Corbyn and the other protesters were arrested for obstruction and held for five hours before being released on bail, but were not charged.[59] Following the 1987 Loughgall ambush, in which 8 IRA members and one civilian were killed in a British Army operation aimed at preventing the IRA trying to blow up a police station, he attended a commemoration by the Wolfe Tone Society and stated "I’m happy to commemorate all those who died fighting for an independent Ireland".[60][61]
In the early 1990s, MI5 opened a file on Corbyn over fears his IRA links meant he could have been a threat to national security.[62][63] The Metropolitan Police's Special Branch was also monitoring Corbyn at the time, and continued to monitor him for two decades over fears he was attempting to "undermine democracy".[64][65] According to The Sunday Times, following research in Irish and Republican archives, Corbyn was involved in over 72 events connected with Sinn Féin, or other pro-republican groups, during the period of the IRA's paramilitary campaign.[66]
Corbyn supported the campaign to overturn the convictions of
Poll tax protests and select committee membership
In 1990, Corbyn opposed the
Corbyn sat on the
Labour in government (1997–2010)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Jeremy_Corbyn%2C_2006.jpg/150px-Jeremy_Corbyn%2C_2006.jpg)
Between 1997 and 2010, during the most recent
Anti-war activism
In October 2001, Corbyn was elected to the steering committee of the
Parliamentary groups and activism
Corbyn is a member of a number of Parliamentary Trade Union Groups: he is sponsored by several
Iranian state television
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_People%27s_Assembly_National_Demonstration_Jeremy_Corbyn_MP_21_June_2014_124.jpg/220px-The_People%27s_Assembly_National_Demonstration_Jeremy_Corbyn_MP_21_June_2014_124.jpg)
Corbyn hosted a call-in show on Press TV, an Iranian government television channel, from 2009 to 2012 for which he was paid up to £20,000, according to the register of members' interests at the House of Commons.[81][82][83] Corbyn's final appearance was six months after the network had its UK broadcasting license revoked by Ofcom for its part in filming the detention and torture of Maziar Bahari, an Iranian journalist.[81] Ofcom ruled in November 2010 that Corbyn did not show due impartiality when he appeared on Press TV as a guest on George Galloway’s weekly show.[84]
Labour in opposition (2010–15)
Corbyn was one of 16 signatories to an open letter to
Before becoming party leader Corbyn had been returned as
Leadership of the Labour Party (2015–present)
Leadership election
Following the Labour Party's defeat at the
At the Second Reading of the
Following a rule change under Miliband, members of the public who supported Labour's aims and values could join the party as "registered supporters" for £3 and be entitled to vote in the election.
Leader of the Opposition
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Corbyn_trident.jpg/260px-Corbyn_trident.jpg)
After being elected leader on 12 September 2015, Corbyn became
In July 2016, a study and analysis by academics from the London School of Economics of months of eight national newspaper articles about Corbyn in the first months of his leadership of Labour showed that 75% of them either distorted or failed to represent his actual views on subjects.[109][110]
First Shadow Cabinet and other appointments
On 13 September 2015, Corbyn unveiled his
Military intervention in Syria
After members of
Cameron set out his case for military intervention to Parliament in November.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Barack_Obama_and_Opposition_leader_Jeremy_Corbyn.jpg/260px-Barack_Obama_and_Opposition_leader_Jeremy_Corbyn.jpg)
January 2016 Shadow Cabinet reshuffle
There was widespread speculation following the vote that Corbyn would reshuffle his Shadow Cabinet to remove Hilary Benn, but Corbyn's January reshuffle retained Benn in the same position.[121] The reshuffle prompted the resignations of three junior shadow ministers who were unhappy that Corbyn had demoted MPs who disagreed with his position on Syria and Trident.[122]
On 6 January 2016, Corbyn replaced Shadow Culture Secretary Michael Dugher with Shadow Defence Secretary Maria Eagle (who was in turn replaced by Shadow Employment Minister Emily Thornberry).[123] Thornberry, unlike Maria Eagle, is an opponent of nuclear weapons and British involvement in Syria. Eagle was in turn moved to Shadow Culture Secretary to replace Michael Dugher. Corbyn also replaced Shadow Europe Minister (not attending Shadow Cabinet) Pat McFadden with Pat Glass.[123] On 11 January 2016, Shadow Attorney General Catherine McKinnell resigned, citing party infighting, family reasons and the ability to speak in Parliament beyond her legal portfolio. She was replaced by Karl Turner.[124]
May 2016 local elections
A series of elections for local councils and devolved legislatures took place on 5 May 2016. Voting was held for the
Labour had a net loss of 18 local council seats and controlled as many councils as before (gaining control of
They retained government in Wales despite some small losses.Summer 2016 leadership crisis
EU referendum
See Corbyn's policy towards the EU
Following the
Shadow Cabinet resignations and vote of no confidence
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Jeremy_Corbyn%2C_Tolpuddle_2016%2C_1_crop.jpg/170px-Jeremy_Corbyn%2C_Tolpuddle_2016%2C_1_crop.jpg)
Three days after the EU referendum, Hilary Benn was sacked after it was disclosed that he had been organising a mass resignation of Shadow Cabinet members to force Corbyn to stand down.[133][134] Several other Cabinet members resigned in solidarity with Benn and by mid-afternoon on 27 June 2016, 23 of the 31 Shadow Cabinet members had resigned their roles as did seven parliamentary private secretaries. Earlier Corbyn announced changes to his Shadow Cabinet, moving Emily Thornberry (to Shadow Foreign Secretary), Diane Abbott (to Shadow Health Secretary), and appointing Pat Glass, Andy McDonald, Clive Lewis, Rebecca Long-Bailey, Kate Osamor, Rachael Maskell, Cat Smith and Dave Anderson to his Shadow Cabinet. However just two days later one of the newly appointed members, Pat Glass, resigned, saying "the situation is untenable".[135]
A motion of no confidence in Corbyn as Labour leader was tabled by MPs
On 28 June, he lost the vote of confidence by Labour Party MPs by 172–40.
2016 leadership challenge and election
The division between Corbyn and the Labour parliamentary party continued.[145][146] On 11 July 2016 Angela Eagle, who had recently resigned from his Shadow Cabinet, formally launched her leadership campaign.[147] After news reports that Eagle's office had been vandalised, and threats and abuse to other MPs, including death threats to himself, Corbyn said: "It is extremely concerning that Angela Eagle has been the victim of a threatening act" and called for "respect and dignity, even where there is disagreement."[148][149]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Jeremy_Corbyn_leadership_election_rally_August_2016.jpg/220px-Jeremy_Corbyn_leadership_election_rally_August_2016.jpg)
On 12 July 2016, following a dispute as to whether the elected leader would need nominations in an election as a "challenger" to their own leadership, Labour's National Executive Committee (NEC) resolved that Corbyn, as the incumbent leader, had an automatic right to be on the ballot,[150] and also decided that members needed to have signed up on or before 12 January 2016 to be eligible to vote, meaning that many members who had joined recently would not be able to vote. The NEC did however decide that "registered supporters" would be entitled to vote if they paid a one off fee of £25. 184,541 people subsequently paid the one-off fee to become “registered supporters” of the party during the two-day window in July, meaning that over 700,000 people had a vote in the leadership election.[151][152][153][154] The decision to retain Corbyn on the ballot was contested unsuccessfully in a High Court action brought by Labour donor Michael Foster.[155]
On 13 July, Owen Smith entered the Labour Party leadership race.[156] Subsequently, on 19 July, Angela Eagle withdrew and offered her endorsement to Smith.[157]
The results of an Ipsos MORI survey, polling the British public as a whole, released on 14 July indicated that 66% of those surveyed believed that the Labour party needed a new leader before the 2020 elections. As well, only 23 percent believed that Corbyn would make a good Prime Minister while Theresa May had an approval rating of 55 percent.[158] A Opinium/Observer poll on 23 July found that among those who said they backed Labour, 54% supported Corbyn against just 22% who would prefer Smith. Some 20% said they are undecided and 4% said they do not intend to vote. When voters were asked who they thought would be the best prime minister – Corbyn or Theresa May – among Labour supporters 48% said Corbyn and 22% May, among all UK voters 52% chose May and just 16% were for Corbyn.[159]
More than 40 female Labour MPs, in an open letter during the campaign in July 2016, called on Corbyn to deal with issues relating to online abuse, and criticised him for his allegedly unsatisfactory responses and inaction.[160] Speaking at the launch of policies intending to democratise the internet in late August, Corbyn described such abuse as "appalling". He continued: "I have set up a code of conduct on this. The Labour party has a code of conduct on this, and it does have to be dealt with".[161]
On 16 August 2016, Corbyn released a video of himself sitting on the floor of a Virgin Trains East Coast train while travelling to a leadership hustings in Gateshead. Corbyn said the train was "ram-packed" and used this to support his policy to reverse the 1990s privatisation of the railways of Great Britain.[162] A dispute, nicknamed Traingate in the media, developed a week later when Virgin released CCTV images appearing to show that Corbyn had walked past some available seats on the train before recording his video.[163] Corbyn subsequently said that there had not been room for all his team to sit together until later on in the journey, when other passengers were upgraded by train staff.[164]
The psephologist John Curtice wrote just before Corbyn's second leadership win: "There is evidently a section of the British public, to be found particularly among younger voters, for whom the Labour leader does have an appeal; it just does not look like a section that is big enough, on its own at least, to enable Labour to win a general election".[165] Meanwhile, a poll for The Independent by BMG Research, suggested that working class voters were more likely to consider Corbyn "incompetent" than those from the middle class, and a higher proportion thought he was "out of touch" also.[166] Martin Kettle of The Guardian wrote that "many Labour MPs, even some who face defeat, want an early election" to prove decisively that Corbyn's Labour is unelectable as a government.[167] "If there is hope for Labour it lies with the voters. Only they can change the party".[167]
Corbyn was re-elected as Labour leader on 24 September, with 313,209 votes (61.8%) compared to 193,229 (38.2%) for Owen Smith – a slightly increased share of the vote compared to his election in 2015, when he won 59%. On a turnout of 77.6%, Corbyn won the support of 59% of party members, 70% of registered supporters and 60% of affiliated supporters.[7] In his acceptance speech, Corbyn called on the "Labour family" to end their divisions and to "wipe that slate clean from today and get on with the work we've got to do as a party".[168] He continued: "Together, arguing for the real change this country needs, I have no doubt this party can win the next election whenever the Prime Minister decides to call it and form the next government."[169]
Article 50
In January 2017, Corbyn announced that he would impose a three-line whip to force Labour MPs in favour of triggering Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union to initiate the withdrawal of the UK from the EU. In response, two Labour whips said they would vote against the bill. Tulip Siddiq, the shadow minister for early years, and Jo Stevens, the Shadow Welsh Secretary resigned in protest.[170][171] On 1 February, forty seven Labour MPs defied Corbyn's whip on the second reading of the bill.[172]
May 2017 local elections
At the
June 2017 Shadow Cabinet
A year after most of his Shadow Cabinet resigned, Corbyn sacked three Shadow Cabinet members and a fourth resigned.[174] This was after they had rebelled against party orders to abstain in the vote on a motion that was proposed by Labour MP Chuka Umunna and was aimed at keeping the UK in the EU single market.[174]
General election, 2017
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Labour_Party_General_Election_Launch_2017.jpg/220px-Labour_Party_General_Election_Launch_2017.jpg)
Corbyn said he welcomed Prime Minister Theresa May's proposal to seek an early general election in 2017.[175] He said his party should support the government's move in the parliamentary vote.[176]
Earlier in the year Corbyn had become the first opposition party leader since 1982 to
Corbyn's election campaign featured rallies with a large audience and connected with a grassroots following for the party, including appearing on stage in front of a crowd of 20,000 at the Wirral Live Festival in Prenton Park.[181][182] He chose to take part in television debates and dressed more professionally than usual, wearing a business suit and tie.[183] He said the result was a public call for the end of "austerity politics" and suggested May should step down as Prime Minister.[178] Corbyn said that he had received the largest vote for a winning candidate in the history of his borough.[184]
Opinion polling
Opinion polls during the first few months of his leadership gave Corbyn lower personal approval ratings than any previous Labour leader in the early stages of their leadership amongst the general public.[185] His approval amongst party members, however, was initially strong reaching a net approval of +45 in May 2016, though this fell back sharply to just +3 by the end of the next month following criticism of Corbyn's handling of the EU referendum and a string of Shadow Cabinet resignations.[186]
A poll by Election Data in February 2017 found that 50% of Labour voters wanted Corbyn to stand down by the next election, while 44% wanted him to stay. In the same month, YouGov found party members' net approval rating of Corbyn was 17%, whereas a year earlier the result found by the same pollsters had been 55%.[187] Also during February 2017, Ipsos MORI found Corbyn's satisfaction rating among the electorate as a whole was minus 38%; among Labour voters it was minus 9%.[188]
Polling by the end of the first week of campaigning during the 2017 general election was suggesting a defeat for Labour with the parliamentary party much reduced and a landslide victory for the Conservatives with a majority of perhaps 150 MPs. An
Aftermath
Immediately after the 2017 election, a Survation poll put Labour on 45% with the Conservatives on 39%, the first poll to show Labour ahead with Corbyn as leader.
Policies and views
In 1997, the political scientists
When asked if he regarded himself as a Marxist, Corbyn responded by saying: "That is a very interesting question actually. I haven't thought about that for a long time. I haven't really read as much of Marx as we should have done. I have read quite a bit but not that much."[199] Similarly, defending John McDonnell's statement that there is "a lot to learn" from Karl Marx's book Das Kapital, Corbyn described Marx as a "great economist".[200][201] Corbyn has said he has read some of the works of Adam Smith, Karl Marx and David Ricardo and has "looked at many, many others."[200]
Economy and taxation
Corbyn has campaigned against
Corbyn opposes austerity, and has advocated an economic strategy based on investing-to-grow as opposed to making spending cuts. During his first Labour leadership election campaign, Corbyn proposed that the Bank of England should be able to issue money for capital spending, especially housebuilding, instead of quantitative easing, which attempts to stimulate the economy by buying assets from commercial banks. He describes it as "People's Quantitative Easing".[85] A number of economists, including Steve Keen, argued in a letter to The Guardian that despite claims to the contrary there was nothing "extreme left" about the anti-austerity policies he proposed in his leadership campaign.[209] Robert Skidelsky offered a qualified endorsement of Corbyn's proposals to carry out QE through a National Investment Bank.[209][210] As the policy would change the central bank's focus on stabilising prices, however, it has been argued it could increase the perceived risk of investing in the UK and raise the prospect of increased inflation.[211] His second leadership campaign saw him promise £500 billion in additional public spending, though he did not detail how he would fund it.[212]
Corbyn has been a consistent supporter of
Foreign affairs
War and peace
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jeremy-Corbyn-Chatham-House.jpg/220px-Jeremy-Corbyn-Chatham-House.jpg)
Corbyn does not consider himself an absolute pacifist and has named the
In July 2016, the Chilcot report of the Iraq Inquiry was issued, criticising the former Labour PM Tony Blair for joining the United States in the war against Iraq. Subsequently, Corbyn – who had voted against military action against Iraq – gave a speech in Westminster commenting: "I now apologise sincerely on behalf of my party for the disastrous decision to go to war in Iraq in March 2003" which he called an "act of military aggression launched on a false pretext" something that has "long been regarded as illegal by the overwhelming weight of international opinion".[221] Corbyn specifically apologised to "the people of Iraq"; to the families of British soldiers who died in Iraq or returned injured; and to "the millions of British citizens who feel our democracy was traduced and undermined by the way in which the decision to go to war was taken on."[222]
Middle East
Corbyn has been vocal on
Corbyn has criticised Britain's close ties with
NATO and nuclear weapons
Corbyn would like to pull the United Kingdom out of
Corbyn is a longstanding supporter of unilateral nuclear disarmament,
Donald Trump
Following the election of
Cuba
Corbyn is a longtime supporter of the Cuba Solidarity Campaign, which campaigns against the US embargo against Cuba and supports the Cuban Revolution.[241][242][243] In November 2016, following the death of former communist President of Cuba Fidel Castro,[244] Corbyn said that Castro, despite his "flaws", was a "huge figure of modern history, national independence and 20th Century socialism...Castro's achievements were many."[245] Internal Labour party critics of Corbyn accused him of glossing over Castro's human rights abuses.[246]
Venezuela
A proponent of the
European Union
Corbyn has previously been a left-wing
Despite earlier comments during the leadership campaign that there might be circumstances in which he would favour withdrawal,[256] in September 2015, Corbyn said that Labour would campaign for Britain to stay in the EU regardless of the result of Cameron's negotiations, and instead "pledge to reverse any changes" if Cameron reduced the rights of workers or citizens.[257] He also believed that Britain should play a crucial role in Europe by making demands about working arrangements across the continent, the levels of corporation taxation and in forming an agreement on environmental regulation.[258]
In June 2016, in the run-up to the
Falklands
During the 1982 Falklands War, in a meeting of Haringey Council, he opposed a motion offering support to British troops sent to retake the islands, instead declaring the war to be a "Tory plot" and submitted an alternative motion that condemned the war as a "nauseating waste of lives and money".[261] Corbyn has said that he would like to achieve “some reasonable accommodation” with Argentina over the Falkland Islands dispute, with a "degree of joint administration" between the UK and Argentina over the islands.[262][263]
National and constitutional issues
Corbyn is a longstanding supporter of a
On the issue of
As Leader of the Opposition, Corbyn was one of the sponsors for the Constitutional Convention Bill, which was an attempt at codifying the UK's constitution, which has not been compiled into a single document.[272][273][274][275] He has also appointed a Shadow Minister for the Constitutional Convention into his Shadow Cabinet.[276]
Personal life
Corbyn lives in
He has been married three times and divorced twice, and has three sons with his second wife.In 1974, he married Jane Chapman, a fellow Labour Councillor for Haringey and now a professor at the University of Lincoln;[18] they divorced in 1979.[277]
In 1987, he married Chilean exile Claudia Bracchitta, granddaughter of Ricardo Bracchitta (Cónsul General de España en Santiago) and niece of Dr Óscar Soto Guzman,[278] by whom he has three sons. Following a difference of opinion about sending their son to a grammar school – Corbyn opposes selective education – they divorced in 1999, although Corbyn said in June 2015 that he continues to "get on very well" with his former wife.[25][279] His son subsequently attended Queen Elizabeth's School, which was his wife's first choice.[280] Their second son, Sebastian, worked on his leadership campaign and is now employed as John McDonnell's Chief of Staff.[281][282][283]
In 2013, Corbyn married his Mexican-born partner Laura Álvarez,[284] who runs a fair-trade coffee import business.[285] A former human rights lawyer in Mexico, she first met Corbyn shortly after his divorce from Bracchitta, having come to London to support her sister Marcela following the abduction of her niece to America by her sister's estranged husband. They contacted fellow Labour MP Tony Benn for assistance, who introduced them to Corbyn who met with the police on their behalf and spoke at fundraisers until the girl was located in 2003.[286] Álvarez returned to Mexico, with the couple maintaining a long distance relationship until she moved to London in 2011.[287][288] Álvarez has described Corbyn as "not very good at house work but he is a good politician".[289] He has a cat called El Gato.[290]
Interviewed by
Corbyn is a member of the
Awards and recognition
In 2013, Corbyn was awarded the
In January 2016, it was announced that a satirical musical based on Corbyn's life, and written by Rupert Myers and Bobby Friedman, would be staged at the Waterloo East Theatre in London later in the year. BBC News suggested that Corbyn the Musical: The Motorcycle Diaries "may be the first stage show written about a leader of the opposition".[306]
See also
- Official Opposition frontbench
- Parliament of the United Kingdom Relocation
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An article in the July 1982 edition of London Labour Briefing illustrated Corbyn's public stance: 'If expulsions are in order for Militant,' he wrote, 'they should apply to us too.' And Corbyn, a year before he became an MP, announced himself as 'provisional convenor' of the new 'Defeat the Witch-Hunt Campaign'. It was based at an address in Lausanne Road in Hornsey, north London, Corbyn's own home at that time.
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suggested) (help) - ^ Malvern, Jack (10 January 2002). "Beards – Diary". The Times. London, UK.
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Further reading
- Cawthorne, Nigel Jeremy Corbyn: Leading from the Left. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015 ISBN 978-1516971893
- Gilbert, W Stephen ISBN 978-1-908998-89-7.
- Knight, Sam (23 May 2016). "Enter Left : will a fervent socialist reshape British politics or lead his party to irrelevance?". Letter from London. The New Yorker. 92 (15): 28–35.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - Prince, Rosa ISBN 978-1849549967
- Seymour, Richard Corbyn: The Strange Rebirth of Radical Politics. Verso Books, 2016. ISBN 9781784785314
External links
- Official website
- Jeremy Corbyn on X
- Profile at Parliament of the United Kingdom
- Contributions in Parliament at Hansard
- Contributions in Parliament at Hansard 1803–2005
- Voting record at Public Whip
- Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou