Ed Miliband
Ed Miliband | |||||||||||||||
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Shadow Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero[a] | |||||||||||||||
Assumed office 29 November 2021 | |||||||||||||||
Leader | Keir Starmer | ||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Barry Gardiner[b] | ||||||||||||||
In office 11 May 2010 – 8 October 2010 | |||||||||||||||
Leader | Harriet Harman (acting) | ||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Greg Clark | ||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Meg Hillier | ||||||||||||||
Leader of the Opposition | |||||||||||||||
In office 25 September 2010 – 8 May 2015 | |||||||||||||||
Monarch | Elizabeth II | ||||||||||||||
Prime Minister | David Cameron | ||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Harriet Harman | ||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Harriet Harman | ||||||||||||||
Leader of the Labour Party | |||||||||||||||
In office 25 September 2010 – 8 May 2015 | |||||||||||||||
Deputy | Harriet Harman | ||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Gordon Brown | ||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Jeremy Corbyn | ||||||||||||||
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Doncaster North | |||||||||||||||
Assumed office 5 May 2005 | |||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Kevin Hughes | ||||||||||||||
Majority | 2,370 (5.8%) | ||||||||||||||
Personal details | |||||||||||||||
Born | Edward Samuel Miliband 24 December 1969 London, England | ||||||||||||||
Political party | Labour | ||||||||||||||
Spouse | |||||||||||||||
Children | 2 sons | ||||||||||||||
Parent(s) | Ralph Miliband Marion Kozak | ||||||||||||||
Relatives | David Miliband (elder brother) | ||||||||||||||
Alma mater | Corpus Christi College, Oxford (BA) London School of Economics (MSc) | ||||||||||||||
Signature | |||||||||||||||
Website | www | ||||||||||||||
Edward Samuel Miliband (born 24 December 1969) is a British politician serving as
Miliband was born in the
After the Labour Party was defeated at the
Following Labour's defeat by the
Early life and education
Born in
Ralph Miliband left his academic post at the
Owing to his father's later employment as a roving teacher, Miliband spent two spells living in Boston, Massachusetts, one year when he was seven and one middle school term when he was twelve.[10] Miliband remembered his time in the US as some of his happiest, during which he became a fan of American culture, watching Dallas[3] and following the Boston Red Sox[11] and the New England Patriots.[12]
Between 1978 and 1981, Ed Miliband attended Primrose Hill Primary School, near
In 1989, Miliband gained four
Early political career
Special Adviser
In 1992, after graduating from the University of Oxford, Miliband began his working career in the media as a
In 1994, when Harriet Harman was moved by the
Harvard
On 25 July 2002, it was announced that Miliband would take a 12-month unpaid
Parliament
In early 2005, Miliband resigned his advisory role to HM Treasury to stand for election.
Gordon Brown visited Doncaster North during the general election campaign to support his former adviser.
Cabinet
On 28 June 2007, the day after Gordon Brown became Prime Minister, Miliband was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, being promoted to the cabinet.[31] This meant that he and his brother, Foreign Secretary David Miliband, became the first brothers to serve in a British cabinet since Edward and Oliver Stanley in 1938.[32] He was additionally given the task of drafting Labour's manifesto for the 2010 general election.[33]
On 3 October 2008, Miliband was promoted to become
In March 2009, while Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, Miliband attended the UK premiere of climate change film
Miliband represented the UK at the 2009
During the 2009 parliamentary expenses scandal, Miliband was named by the Daily Telegraph as one of the "saints" of the scandal, due to his claiming one of the lowest amounts of expenses in the House of Commons and submitting no claims that later had to be paid back.[40]
Leadership of the Labour Party
Leadership election
At the
On 23 May, former Labour leader
Ed Miliband subsequently won the election, the result of which was announced on 25 September 2010, after second, third and fourth preferences votes were counted, achieving the support of 50.654% of the electoral college, defeating his brother by 1.3%.[48] In the fourth and final stage of the redistribution of votes after three candidates had been eliminated, Ed Miliband led in the trade unions and affiliated organisations section of the electoral college (19.93% of the total to David's 13.40%), but in both the MPs and MEPs section (15.52% to 17.81%), and Constituency Labour Party section (15.20% to 18.14%), came second. In the final round, Ed Miliband won with a total of 175,519 votes to David's 147,220 votes.[49]
Shadow Cabinet
The first election to the Shadow Cabinet that took place under Miliband's leadership was on 7 October 2010. Ending days of speculation, David Miliband announced that he would not seek election to the Shadow Cabinet on 29 September, the day nominations closed, saying he wanted to avoid "constant comparison" with his brother Ed.[50] The three other defeated candidates for the Labour leadership all stood in the election, though Diane Abbott failed to win enough votes to gain a place. Following the election, Miliband unveiled his Shadow Cabinet on 8 October 2010. Among others, he appointed Alan Johnson as Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, Yvette Cooper was chosen as Shadow Foreign Secretary, and both defeated Labour leadership candidates Ed Balls and Andy Burnham were given senior roles, becoming Shadow Home Secretary and Shadow Education Secretary respectively. Burnham was also given responsibility for overseeing Labour's election co-ordination.
On 24 June 2011, it was reported that Miliband was seeking to change the decades-old rule that Labour's Shadow Cabinet would be elected every two years, instead wanting to adopt a system where he alone had the authority to select its members. Miliband later confirmed the story, claiming that the rule represented "a legacy of Labour's past in opposition".[53] On 5 July, Labour MPs voted overwhelmingly by a margin of 196 to 41 to back the rule change, paving the way for NEC and conference approval, which was secured in September 2011.[54][55] This made Miliband the first Labour leader to have the authority to pick his own Shadow Cabinet.[56] ` On 7 October 2011,
On 15 May 2012, Miliband appointed Owen Smith to replace Peter Hain – who retired from frontline politics – as Shadow Welsh Secretary, and also promoted Jon Cruddas to the Shadow Cabinet, putting him in charge of overseeing Labour's ongoing policy review with a view to draft Labour's manifesto for the next election.[58] On 4 July 2013, Miliband effectively sacked Tom Watson from the Shadow Cabinet after allegations of corruption over the selection of a parliamentary candidate for Falkirk. Watson had offered his resignation, but when Miliband was asked by a journalist specifically whether he had sacked Watson, he replied, "...I said it was right for him to go, yes."[59]
On 7 October 2013, Miliband reshuffled his Shadow Cabinet for the third time, saying that this would be the last reshuffle before the general election.[60] In a move similar to his 2011 reshuffle, several MPs from the 2010 intake were promoted, while more long-serving MPs were moved. Tristram Hunt and Rachel Reeves received promotions, while Liam Byrne and Stephen Twigg were among those demoted.[60]
Miliband conducted a final mini-reshuffle ahead of the 2015 general election in November 2014, when Jim Murphy resigned as Shadow International Development Secretary to become Leader of the Scottish Labour Party.
Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition
On becoming Leader of the Labour Party on 25 September 2010, Miliband also became Leader of the Opposition. At 40, he was the youngest leader of the party ever. At his first
During the 2011 military intervention in Libya, Miliband supported UK military action against
A June 2011 poll result from Ipsos MORI put Labour 2 percentage points ahead of the Conservatives, but Miliband's personal rating was low, being rated as less popular than Iain Duncan Smith at a similar stage in his leadership.[67] The same organisation's polling did find that Miliband's personal ratings in his first full year of leadership were better than David Cameron's during his first full year as Conservative leader in 2006.[68]
In July 2011, following the revelation that the
Following the riots in England in August 2011, Miliband called for a public inquiry into the events, and insisted society had "to avoid simplistic answers". The call for an inquiry was rejected by David Cameron, prompting Miliband to say he would set up his own. In a BBC Radio 4 interview shortly after the riots, Miliband spoke of an irresponsibility that applied not only to the people involved in the riots, but "wherever we find it in our society. We've seen in the past few years...MPs' expenses, what happened in the banks". Miliband also said Labour did not do enough to tackle moral problems during its 13 years in office.[72] In December 2011 Miliband appointed Tim Livesey, a former adviser to the Archbishop of Canterbury, to be his full-time chief of staff.[73]
In his first speech of 2012, Miliband said that if Labour won the
In April 2012, in the midst of a debate about the nature of political party funding, Miliband called on David Cameron to institute a £5,000 cap on donations from individuals and organisations to political parties, after it had been suggested that the government favoured a cap of £50,000.
On 23 January 2013, Miliband stated that he was against holding a referendum on the UK's membership of the
At the Labour conference in September 2013, Miliband highlighted his party's stance on the NHS and announced if elected Labour would abolish the bedroom tax. The conference included several 'signature' policies, such as strengthening the minimum wage, freezing business rates, building 200,000 houses a year, lowering the voting age to 16, and the provision of childcare by primary schools between 8 am and 6 pm. The policy that attracted the most attention was the commitment to help tackle the 'cost-of-living crisis' by freezing gas and electricity prices until 2017 to give time to 'reset the market' in favour of consumers.[84] In January 2014, Miliband extended the concept of reform to include the 'big five' banks, in addition to the 'big six' utility companies, and discussed the impact of the cost-of-living on the 'squeezed middle', saying "the current cost-of-living crisis is not just about people on tax credits, zero-hour contracts and the minimum wage. It is about the millions of middle-class families who never dreamt that life would be such a struggle".[85]
Throughout 2014, Miliband changed Labour's policy on
Miliband campaigned in the
The day after the referendum, Cameron raised the issue of 'English votes for English laws', with Miliband criticising the move as a simplistic solution to a complex problem, eventually coming out in favour for a constitutional convention to be held after the general election.[91][92]
The Labour party conference in Manchester on 21–24 September occurred days after the Scottish referendum result. Miliband's conference speech was criticised, particularly after he failed to deliver sections on the deficit and immigration, after attempting to deliver the speech without notes.[93] At the conference, Miliband pledged to focus on six national goals for Britain until 2025, including boosting pay, apprenticeships and housing; a mansion tax and levy on tobacco companies to fund £2.5 billion a year 'time to care' fund for the NHS; a commitment to raise the minimum wage to £8 or more by 2020; and a promise to lower the voting age to 16 ready for elections in 2016.[94][95]
In February 2015, Labour pledged to reverse the privatisation of the railways by getting rid of the franchising system, after previously saying that they would allow the public sector to bid for franchises.[96]
Local and European elections
Miliband's first electoral tests as Labour Leader came in the elections to the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly and various councils across England, excluding London, on 5 May 2011. The results for Labour were described as a "mixed bag", with the party performing well in Wales – falling just one seat short of an overall majority and forming the next Welsh Government on its own – and making large gains from the Liberal Democrats in northern councils, including Sheffield, Leeds, Liverpool and Manchester.
Results were less encouraging in the south of England, and results in Scotland were described as a "disaster", with Labour losing nine seats to the SNP, which went on to gain the Parliament's first ever majority.[97] Miliband said that following the poor showings in Scotland "lessons must still be learnt".[97][98]
Miliband launched Labour's campaign for the 2012 local elections with a speech in Birmingham, accusing the coalition government of "betrayal", and claiming that it "lacked the values" that Britain needed.[99] The Labour results were described as a success, with the party building on its performance the previous year in the north of England and Wales, consolidating its position in northern cities and winning control of places such as Cardiff and Swansea.[100] Labour performed well in the Midlands and South of England, winning control of councils including Birmingham, Norwich, Plymouth and Southampton.[100] Labour was less successful in Scotland than England and Wales, but retained control of Glasgow despite predictions it would not.[100] Overall, Labour gained over 800 councillors and control of 22 councils.[100]
In April 2013, Miliband pledged ahead of the upcoming county elections that Labour would change planning laws to give local authorities greater authority to decide what shops can open in their high streets. He also said that Labour would introduce more strenuous laws relating to pay-day lenders and betting shops.[101] Labour subsequently gained nearly 300 councillors, as well as control of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire County Councils.[102][103][104]
In May 2014, Miliband led Labour through the
2015 general election and resignation
On 30 March 2015, the Parliament of the United Kingdom dissolved and a general election was called for 7 May. Miliband began his campaign by launching a "manifesto for business", stating that only by voting Labour would the UK's position within the European Union be secure.[106] Miliband subsequently unveiled five pledges at a rally in Birmingham which would form the focus of a future Labour government, specifically identifying policies on deficit reduction, living standards, the NHS, immigration controls and tuition fees. He included an additional pledge on housing and rent on 27 April.[107][108] On 14 April, Labour launched its full manifesto, which Miliband said was fully funded and would require no additional borrowing.[109] During this time an online campaign began known as Milifandom.
Throughout the campaign for the 7 May elections, Miliband insisted that David Cameron should debate him one on one as part of a televised election broadcast[110] in order to highlight differences in policies between the two major parties. This never happened, with the pair instead being interviewed separately by Jeremy Paxman as part of the first major televised political broadcast of the election involving multiple parties.
Despite opinion polls leading up to the general election predicting a tight result, Labour decisively lost the
Post-leadership
Backbencher
As a backbencher, Miliband spoke about the need to tackle inequality[118] and in favour of the Paris climate change agreement.[119][120] In May 2016, he appeared on the BBC's Question Time, speaking in favour of Remain in the UK's EU referendum[121] and he subsequently campaigned for a Remain vote.[122]
In the aftermath of the referendum result, Miliband said that, although he had supported Jeremy Corbyn since his election as leader, he had "reluctantly reached the conclusion his position [was] untenable", calling for Corbyn to step down in June 2016.[123] In the ensuing contest, Miliband supported leadership challenger Owen Smith.[124] Miliband later admitted that he was "clearly wrong" to call for Corbyn's resignation.[125] In September 2016, Miliband joined the editorial board of The Political Quarterly journal, an unremunerated role.[126][127]
Renewing his previous stance on the issue in 2011, Miliband criticised Rupert Murdoch's bid to takeover telecommunications company Sky in December 2016, subsequently supporting an inquiry by Ofcom.[128][129][130]
At the snap 2017 general election, Miliband was again re-elected with an increased vote share of 60.8% and an increased majority of 14,024.[131][132]
At the 2019 general election, Miliband was again re-elected, seeing his vote share decrease to 38.7% and his majority cut to 2,370.[133][134][135] Following the election, it was announced that Miliband would sit on a panel of party figures to overview and investigate the electoral failure.[136]
Return to Shadow Cabinet
On 6 April 2020,
In September 2020, Miliband faced Prime Minister
On 27 October 2021, Miliband took Prime Minister's Questions after the October 2021 budget on behalf of Keir Starmer, who had contracted COVID-19.[139]
Miliband's re-appointment to the cabinet also led to the New Statesman naming him the twenty-first most influential British left-wing figure of 2023[140]
Policies and views
Miliband is generally seen as being on the soft left of the Labour Party.[141]
Self-described views
Miliband described himself as a new type of Labour politician, looking to move beyond the divisiveness of Blairism and Brownism, and calling for an end to the "factionalism and psychodramas" of Labour's past. He also repeatedly spoke of the need for a "new politics".[142]
During the Labour leadership campaign, he described himself as a
Miliband called for "responsible capitalism" when Google's Eric Schmidt commented on his corporation's non-payment of tax.[145] He also supported making the UK's 50% top rate of tax permanent, as well as the institution of a new financial transaction tax, mutualising Northern Rock, putting limits on top salaries, scrapping tuition fees in favour of a graduate tax, implementing a living wage policy and the scrapping of the ID cards policy, and spoke in favour of a "National Care Service".[146][147]
Miliband worked closely with the think tank Policy Network on the concept of predistribution as a means to tackle what he described as 'the growing crisis in living standards'.[148] His announcement that predistribution would become a cornerstone of the UK Labour Party's economic policy was jokingly mocked by Prime Minister David Cameron during Prime Minister's Questions in the House of Commons.[149]
Though Labour remained officially neutral, he in a personal capacity supported the failed
Miliband is progressive in regard to issues of gender and sexuality. He publicly identifies as a
In June 2014, while speaking to the
Since the end of his leadership of the Labour Party, Miliband has expressed regret for not having been "radical enough" in his manifesto, and has described himself as "not following the normal route, which is to become more right wing as you get older", but instead becoming "more left wing".[162]
On 30 April 2019, Miliband joined Caroline Lucas and Laura Sandys in calling for a Green New Deal in the UK.[163]
Comments on other politicians
During his time as Labour leader, Miliband criticised the Conservative Leader and Prime Minister David Cameron for "sacrificing everything on the altar of deficit reduction", and has accused him of being guilty of practising "old politics", citing alleged broken promises on areas such as crime, policing, bank bonuses, and child benefit.[164]
Miliband was also particularly critical of former
Following the death of former Prime Minister and Conservative Leader Margaret Thatcher in 2013, Miliband spoke in a House of Commons sitting specially convened to pay tributes to her. He noted that, although he disagreed with a few of her policies, he respected "what her death means to the many, many people who admired her". He also said that Thatcher "broke the mould" in everything she had achieved in her life, and that she had had the ability to "overcome every obstacle in her path".[167] He had previously praised Thatcher shortly before the Labour Party Conference in September 2012 for creating an "era of aspiration" in the 1980s.[168]
Miliband has previously spoken positively of his brother David, praising his record as Foreign Secretary, and saying that "his door was always open" following David's decision not to stand for the Shadow Cabinet in 2010.[169] Upon David's announcement in 2013 that he would resign as a Labour MP and move to New York to head the International Rescue Committee, Miliband said that British politics would be "a poorer place" without him, and that he thought David "would once again make a contribution to British public life."[170]
When asked to choose the greatest British Prime Minister, Miliband answered with Labour's post-war Prime Minister and longest-serving Leader, Clement Attlee.[171] He has also spoken positively of his two immediate predecessors as Labour leader, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, praising their leadership and records in government.[172]
Media portrayal
Miliband was portrayed during Labour's 2015 election campaign as being genuine in his desire to improve the lives of working people and to display progression from New Labour, but was unable to defeat interpretations of him as being ineffectual, or even cartoonish in nature. Political illustrators perceived a resemblance to Wallace of the British animation Wallace and Gromit and greatly exaggerated this in caricatures; various images circulated in the press and online media of Miliband performing day-to-day activities such as eating a bacon sandwich, donating money to a beggar, and giving a kiss to his wife, all while displaying apparently awkward facial expressions.[173][174] In a March 2015 Newsnight election debate, he was challenged by Jeremy Paxman as to whether or not he was 'tough enough' to be Prime Minister, responding, "Hell yes, I'm tough enough", in reference to his reluctance to support air strikes against extremist targets in Syria.[175]
Other works
In June 2017, Miliband guest-presented Jeremy Vine's BBC Radio 2 show.[176]
Miliband co-hosts a popular
Personal life
Miliband is married to Justine Thornton, a High Court Judge.[179] The couple met in 2002 and lived together in north London before becoming engaged in March 2010 and wed in May 2011.[180][181][182] They have two sons, Daniel, born 2009, and Samuel, born 2010.[183][184]
Miliband is of
Styles
- Mr. Edward Samuel Miliband (1969–2005)
- Mr. Edward Samuel Miliband MP (2005–2007)
- The Right Honourable Edward Samuel Miliband MP (2007–present)
Notes
References
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{{cite news}}
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Sources
- Bale, Tim (2015). Five Year Mission: The Labour Party under Ed Miliband (1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-870296-2.
Further reading
- ISBN 1-84954-102-7
External links
- Profile at Labour.org.uk (archived)
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Profile at Parliament of the United Kingdom
- Contributions in Parliament at Hansard
- Contributions in Parliament at Hansard 1803–2005
- Voting record at Public Whip
- Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou
- Ed Miliband collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Ed Miliband collected news and commentary at The Telegraph
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