De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter: Difference between revisions
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==Accidents== |
==Accidents== |
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*On 22 June 1994, a float equipped Dehavilland, DHC-3 Otter, N13GA, registered to and operated by [[Wings of Alaska]], of [[Juneau, Alaska]], crashed into the [[Taku Inlet]], 12 miles east of Juneau. The Air Taxi flight, operating under 14 CFR Part 135 by a Commercial Certificated pilot, last departed the Taku Lodge located on the [[Taku River]], and the destination was the Juneau downtown dock. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and a company flight plan was in effect. The airplane received substantial damage. Six passengers received fatal injuries, one passenger is missing and presumed dead, and the pilot and three passengers received serious injuries.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://app.ntsb.gov/pdfgenerator/ReportGeneratorFile.ashx?EventID=20001206X01412&AKey=1&RType=Final&IType=FA |title=National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Accident Final Report Accident Number: ANC94FA070|work=[[National Transportation Safety Board]] |date=June 5, 1995 |accessdate=July 5, 2017}}</ref> |
*On 22 June 1994, a float equipped Dehavilland, DHC-3 Otter, N13GA, registered to and operated by [[Wings of Alaska]], of [[Juneau, Alaska]], crashed into the [[Taku Inlet]], 12 miles east of Juneau. The Air Taxi flight, operating under 14 CFR Part 135 by a Commercial Certificated pilot, last departed the Taku Lodge located on the [[Taku River]], and the destination was the Juneau downtown dock. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and a company flight plan was in effect. The airplane received substantial damage. Six passengers received fatal injuries, one passenger is missing and presumed dead, and the pilot and three passengers received serious injuries.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://app.ntsb.gov/pdfgenerator/ReportGeneratorFile.ashx?EventID=20001206X01412&AKey=1&RType=Final&IType=FA |title=National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Accident Final Report Accident Number: ANC94FA070|work=[[National Transportation Safety Board]] |date=June 5, 1995 |accessdate=July 5, 2017}}</ref> |
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*On 9 August 2010, a DHC-3T registered to Anchorage-based [[General Communication Inc.|GCI]] [[2010 Alaska Turbo Otter crash|crashed]] about {{convert|17|mi|km}} north of [[Dillingham, Alaska]], while en route to a private fishing lodge.<ref>Trimble, Stephen. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/08/10/345998/eads-executive-survives-alaska-air-crash-but-former-senator.html "EADS executive survives Alaska air crash, but former senator killed."] ''flightglobal.com,'' 10 August 2010. Retrieved: 10 August 2010.</ref> Five of the nine people on board were killed, including former Alaska Senator [[Ted Stevens]]. Surviving passengers included former NASA administrator [[Sean O'Keefe]] and his teenage son, both of whom sustained injuries.<ref>Bohrer, Becky. [http://www.680news.com/news/world/article/87282--plane-crashes-in-alaska-kills-former-alaska-sen-ted-stevens-ex-nasa-chief-survives "Plane crashes in Alaska kills former Alaska Sen. Ted Stevens, ex-NASA chief survives."] ''The Associated Press.'' via ''680news.com,'' 10 August 2010. Retrieved: 10 August 2010.</ref> |
*On 9 August 2010, a DHC-3T registered to Anchorage-based [[General Communication Inc.|GCI]] [[2010 Alaska Turbo Otter crash|crashed]] about {{convert|17|mi|km}} north of [[Dillingham, Alaska]], while en route to a private fishing lodge.<ref>Trimble, Stephen. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/08/10/345998/eads-executive-survives-alaska-air-crash-but-former-senator.html "EADS executive survives Alaska air crash, but former senator killed."] ''flightglobal.com,'' 10 August 2010. Retrieved: 10 August 2010.</ref> Five of the nine people on board were killed, including former Alaska Senator [[Ted Stevens]]. Surviving passengers included former NASA administrator [[Sean O'Keefe]] and his teenage son, both of whom sustained injuries.<ref>Bohrer, Becky. [http://www.680news.com/news/world/article/87282--plane-crashes-in-alaska-kills-former-alaska-sen-ted-stevens-ex-nasa-chief-survives "Plane crashes in Alaska kills former Alaska Sen. Ted Stevens, ex-NASA chief survives."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716052234/http://www.680news.com/news/world/article/87282--plane-crashes-in-alaska-kills-former-alaska-sen-ted-stevens-ex-nasa-chief-survives |date=2011-07-16 }} ''The Associated Press.'' via ''680news.com,'' 10 August 2010. Retrieved: 10 August 2010.</ref> |
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*On 23 September 2011, a single-engined, turbine-powered, amphibious float-equipped de Havilland DHC-3T airplane, N361TT, sustained substantial damage during a [[go-around]] and subsequent low-altitude maneuver at Heitman Lake, about 5 miles south-southwest of [[Kodiak, Alaska]]. The airplane was being operated by Paklook Air Inc., Kodiak, as a visual flight rules (VFR) on-demand air taxi flight, when the accident occurred. Of the three people aboard, the commercial pilot sustained fatal injuries, one passenger received serious injuries, and the remaining passenger received minor injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and company-flight following procedures were in effect. The airplane departed [[Old Harbor, Alaska]], bound for Kodiak. A passenger on the airplane reported that during a go-around on a lake, the airplane struck a tree on the shoreline and crashed. The passenger was able to make a cellphone call, and report the accident to authorities.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://app.ntsb.gov/pdfgenerator/ReportGeneratorFile.ashx?EventID=20110924X03755&AKey=1&RType=Final&IType=FA |title=National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Accident Final Report Accident Number: ANC11FA107|work=[[National Transportation Safety Board]]|date=February 27, 2013 |accessdate=July 5, 2017}}</ref> |
*On 23 September 2011, a single-engined, turbine-powered, amphibious float-equipped de Havilland DHC-3T airplane, N361TT, sustained substantial damage during a [[go-around]] and subsequent low-altitude maneuver at Heitman Lake, about 5 miles south-southwest of [[Kodiak, Alaska]]. The airplane was being operated by Paklook Air Inc., Kodiak, as a visual flight rules (VFR) on-demand air taxi flight, when the accident occurred. Of the three people aboard, the commercial pilot sustained fatal injuries, one passenger received serious injuries, and the remaining passenger received minor injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and company-flight following procedures were in effect. The airplane departed [[Old Harbor, Alaska]], bound for Kodiak. A passenger on the airplane reported that during a go-around on a lake, the airplane struck a tree on the shoreline and crashed. The passenger was able to make a cellphone call, and report the accident to authorities.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://app.ntsb.gov/pdfgenerator/ReportGeneratorFile.ashx?EventID=20110924X03755&AKey=1&RType=Final&IType=FA |title=National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Accident Final Report Accident Number: ANC11FA107|work=[[National Transportation Safety Board]]|date=February 27, 2013 |accessdate=July 5, 2017}}</ref> |
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*On 7 July 2013, a De Havilland Otter registered to Rediske Air of [[Nikiski]] [[2013 Soldotna Airport plane crash|crashed]] at [[Soldotna Airport]], killing all 10 aboard.<ref>[http://peninsulaclarion.com/news/2013-07-07/plane-crashes-at-soldotna-airport 10 killed in Soldotna plane crash], Peninsula Courier, 7 July 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.</ref> |
*On 7 July 2013, a De Havilland Otter registered to Rediske Air of [[Nikiski]] [[2013 Soldotna Airport plane crash|crashed]] at [[Soldotna Airport]], killing all 10 aboard.<ref>[http://peninsulaclarion.com/news/2013-07-07/plane-crashes-at-soldotna-airport 10 killed in Soldotna plane crash], Peninsula Courier, 7 July 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.</ref> |
Revision as of 07:11, 23 January 2018
DHC-3 Otter | |
---|---|
Role | STOL utility transport |
Manufacturer | de Havilland Canada |
First flight | 12 December 1951 |
Introduction | 1953 |
Status | Active |
Produced | 1951–1967 |
Number built | 466 |
Developed from | DHC-2 Beaver |
Developed into | DHC-6 Twin Otter |
The de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter is a single-engined, high-wing,
Design and development
The rugged single-engined, high-wing, propeller-driven DHC-3 Otter was conceived in January 1951 by de Havilland Canada as a larger, more powerful version of its highly successful DHC2 Beaver STOL utility transport. Dubbed the "King Beaver" during design, if would be the veritable "one-ton truck" to the Beaver's "half-ton" role.[1]
The Otter received Canadian certification in November 1952 and entered production shortly thereafter. Using the same overall configuration as the Beaver, the new, much heavier design incorporated a longer fuselage, greater-span wing, and
Like the Beaver, the Otter can be fitted with skis or floats. The Otter served as the basis for the very successful
Operational use
The DHC-3/CC-123/CSR-123 Otter was used until 1980 by the
Although the Otter found ready acceptance in bush airlines, as in a similar scenario to the DHC-2 Beaver, the United States Army soon became the largest operator of the aircraft (184 delivered as the U-1A Otter). Other military users included Australia, Canada, and India, but the primary role of the aircraft as a rugged bush plane continues to this day.
An Otter crossed the South Pole in 1957 (see
Otters were used by Qantas, from 1958 to 1960 in Papua New Guinea. The Qantas aircraft were then transferred to Trans Australian Airlines (TAA) a major Australian domestic airline which operated the Otters in Papua New Guinea until 1966 when they were withdrawn from use. TAA was merged with Qantas in 1990.
Modifications
Stolairus Aviation of Kelowna, BC, has developed several modifications for the DHC-3 including a STOL Kit, which modifies the wing with a contoured leading edge and drooped wingtips for increased performance. Stolairus has also developed a 400 lb "upgross" kit which increases the gross weight of the DHC-3 to 8,367 lbs on floats.[4]
Some aircraft were converted to
A Polish Pezetel radial engine has also been fitted. Re-engined aircraft have been offered since the 1980s by Airtech Canada as the DHC-3/1000 using current-production 1,000 hp (745 kW) PZL ASz-62 IR radials.[5]
Variants
- DHC-3 Otter
- Single-engined STOL utility transport aircraft.
- CSR-123 Otter
- STOL utility transport aircraft for the Royal Canadian Air Force.
- YU-1 Otter
- Six test and evaluation aircraft for the U.S. Army.
- U-1A Otter
- STOL utility transport aircraft for the US Army.
- UC-1 Otter
- STOL utility transport aircraft for the United States Navy. Later redesignated U-1B Otter in 1962.
- DHC-3-T Turbo-Otter
- Otters fitted with either Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-34turboprop engine.
- Airtech Canada DHC-3/1000 Otter
- Conversions powered by PZL Kalisz ASz-62IR engines.
Military operators
- Argentine Air Force: Former operator
- Royal Australian Air Force: Two Otters (RAAF serial A100-1 and 2) were in service with the RAAF from 1961 to 1967. The aircraft were used for passenger and freight transport duties at the Weapons Research Establishment, Woomera, South Australia.
- No. 1 Air Trials Unit
- Bangladesh Air Force: Former operator
- Burma Air Force
- Khmer Air Force: Former operator
- Air Surveillance Service
- Khmer National Air Force
- Paraguayan Air Force: One DHC-3 donated by Argentina.
- Tanzanian Air Force
- United States Air Force
- United States Army
- United States Navy
- Otter NU-1B is the oldest aircraft in the U.S. Navy, in service at the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, Patuxent River, Md.[6]
Civil operators
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police
- Lamb Air
- Harbour Air
- Provincial Airlines
- Air Saguenay
- Vancouver Island Air
- Bearskin Airlines
Accidents
- On 22 June 1994, a float equipped Dehavilland, DHC-3 Otter, N13GA, registered to and operated by Wings of Alaska, of Juneau, Alaska, crashed into the Taku Inlet, 12 miles east of Juneau. The Air Taxi flight, operating under 14 CFR Part 135 by a Commercial Certificated pilot, last departed the Taku Lodge located on the Taku River, and the destination was the Juneau downtown dock. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and a company flight plan was in effect. The airplane received substantial damage. Six passengers received fatal injuries, one passenger is missing and presumed dead, and the pilot and three passengers received serious injuries.[7]
- On 9 August 2010, a DHC-3T registered to Anchorage-based crashed about 17 miles (27 km) north of Dillingham, Alaska, while en route to a private fishing lodge.[8] Five of the nine people on board were killed, including former Alaska Senator Ted Stevens. Surviving passengers included former NASA administrator Sean O'Keefe and his teenage son, both of whom sustained injuries.[9]
- On 23 September 2011, a single-engined, turbine-powered, amphibious float-equipped de Havilland DHC-3T airplane, N361TT, sustained substantial damage during a go-around and subsequent low-altitude maneuver at Heitman Lake, about 5 miles south-southwest of Kodiak, Alaska. The airplane was being operated by Paklook Air Inc., Kodiak, as a visual flight rules (VFR) on-demand air taxi flight, when the accident occurred. Of the three people aboard, the commercial pilot sustained fatal injuries, one passenger received serious injuries, and the remaining passenger received minor injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and company-flight following procedures were in effect. The airplane departed Old Harbor, Alaska, bound for Kodiak. A passenger on the airplane reported that during a go-around on a lake, the airplane struck a tree on the shoreline and crashed. The passenger was able to make a cellphone call, and report the accident to authorities.[10]
- On 7 July 2013, a De Havilland Otter registered to Rediske Air of crashed at Soldotna Airport, killing all 10 aboard.[11]
- On 25 June 2015, a Promech Air DHC-3 Otter crashed into the face of a granite cliff near Ella Lake, Alaska, 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Ketchikan. The aircraft carried a pilot and eight passengers who were tourists on a sightseeing excursion from a Holland America Line coastal cruise aboard the cruise ship MS Westerdam. All nine people on board died. The NTSB determined that the pilot had a history of poor decision making and that the company had a compromised culture that resulted in an "operation in which safety competed with performance and revenue".[12][13][14][15]
- On 15 September 2015, Federal Aviation Administration says a De Havilland DHC-3 Turbine Otter on floats carrying 10 people and belonging to Rainbow King Lodge crashed on takeoff at Eastwind Lake, 1 mile north of Iliamna, which is 175 miles SW of Anchorage. Three people were killed in the crash.[16]
Specifications (landplane)
Data from Jane's Civil and Military Aircraft Upgrades 1994–95[17]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Capacity: 9 -10 passengers
Performance
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- Antonov An-2
- Cessna 208 Caravan
- PAC P-750 XSTOL
- Pilatus PC-6 Porter
- Quest Kodiak
- Sherpa Aircraft Sherpa
Related lists
- Bush plane
- List of civil aircraft
- List of non-carrier aircraft flown from aircraft carriers
- STOL
References
- Notes
- ^ Rossiter 1998, p. 55.
- ^ "The De Havilland DHC-3 Otter; a comprehensive information resource". dhc3otter.com. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ a b "The Otters and the aircraft carrier". lookoutnewspaper.com. July 22, 2013. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ "DHC-3 Otter." Stolairus, Retrieved: February 2, 2012.
- ^ Taylor 1988 p. 17.
- ^ Naval Air Systems Command. "Photo of the NU-1B with the F-35B at NAS Patuxent River."
- ^ "National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Accident Final Report Accident Number: ANC94FA070". National Transportation Safety Board. June 5, 1995. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ Trimble, Stephen. "EADS executive survives Alaska air crash, but former senator killed." flightglobal.com, 10 August 2010. Retrieved: 10 August 2010.
- ^ Bohrer, Becky. "Plane crashes in Alaska kills former Alaska Sen. Ted Stevens, ex-NASA chief survives." Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine The Associated Press. via 680news.com, 10 August 2010. Retrieved: 10 August 2010.
- ^ "National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Accident Final Report Accident Number: ANC11FA107". National Transportation Safety Board. February 27, 2013. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ 10 killed in Soldotna plane crash, Peninsula Courier, 7 July 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ St. Claire, Pat (June 25, 2015). "Small plane carrying cruise passengers crashes in Alaska". CNN. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ Morrison, Greg; Payne, Ed (June 30, 2015). "Authorities identify 9 people killed in Alaska plane crash". CNN. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ Varandani, Suman, "Alaska Plane Crash: 9 People Killed After Sightseeing Plane Carrying Cruise Ship Passengers Crashes," ibtimes.com, June 26, 2015, 12:27 AM EDT.
- ^ Grady, Mary (25 April 2017). "NTSB Cites "Company Culture" In Fatal Crash". AVweb. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
- ^ D'Oro, Rachel (September 15, 2015). "Fishing lodge's floatplane crashes in Alaska; 3 dead, 7 hurt". Associated Press. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ Michell 1994, p.24.
- Bibliography
- Hayes, Karl E. DHC-3 Otter – A History (CD-ROM). Crakaig, Killiney Hill Road, Killiney, Co. Dublin, Ireland: Karl E. Hayes Publisher, 2006. (also available via CANAV Books, Toronto)
- Hotson, Fred W. The de Havilland Canada Story. Toronto: CANAV Books, 1983. ISBN 0-07-549483-3.
- Michell, Simon. (ed.). Jane's Civil and Military Aircraft Upgrades 1994–95. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 1994. ISBN 0-7106-1208-7.
- ISBN 0-07-082778-8.
- Molson, Ken M. and Harold A. Taylor. Canadian Aircraft Since 1909. Stittsville, Ontario: Canada's Wings, Inc., 1982. ISBN 0-920002-11-0.
- Rossiter, Sean. The Immortal Beaver: The World's Greatest Bush Plane. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1999. ISBN 1-55054-724-0.
- Rossiter, Sean. Otter & Twin Otter: The Universal Airplanes. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1998. ISBN 1-55054-637-6.
- Taylor, John W.R., ed. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Defence Data, 1988. ISBN 0-7106-0867-5.