Streblus asper

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Streblus asper
Leaves and buds at Panamaram
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Moraceae
Genus:	Streblus
Species:	S. asper
Binomial name
Streblus asper Lour.

Streblus asper is a tree known by several common names, including Siamese rough bush, khoi, serut, and toothbrush tree. It is a medium-sized tree native to dry regions in Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Vietnam.

In the

. In Malaysia, it is known as "kesinai".

The

.

• English: Sand Paper Tree, Siamese rough bush, Toothbrush tree
• Hindi: Daheyā/Dahiā (दहेया/दहिया) , Karchannā (करचन्ना) , Rusa (रुसा) , Sahorā/Sihorā (सहोरा/सिहोरा)
• Marathi: Poi (पोइ), Karerā (करेरा) , Kharoli/Kharota ()
• Rajasthani: Piḷuṛi (पिळूड़ी)
• Indonesian: Serut
• Tamil: Kurripila (குர்ரிபிலா) , Kuṭṭippirai (குட்டிப்பிறை) , Parayan (பறையன்) , Pasunā (பசுனா)
• Malayalam: Parakam (പരകം) , Paruva (പരുവ), Sakhotavrksam (സഖോതവൃക്ഷം), Ṭinḍa-paruva (ടിൻഡ പരുവ)
• Telugu: Baranikā (బరానికా) , Baranki (బారంకి), Barinikā (బారినికా)
• Kannada: Akhōr Mōranu (ಅಖೋರ್ ಮೊರನು) , Miṭālā (ಮಿಟಾಲಾ)
• Bengali: Shāorā (শাওড়া) , Sāhrā (শাহড়া) , Shewrā (শ্যেওড়া)
• Oriya: Sāhāṛā (ସାହାଡ଼ା) hirtonimranu
• Assamese: Khoruā (খৰুআ) , Sāurā gās (শাওৰা গাছ)
• Khasi: dieng sohkhyrdang
• Sanskrit: akshadhara, bhutavasa, bhutavriksha, dhukavasa, gavakshi, karkashachhada
• Malay: Kesinai (کسيناي)
• Thai: Khoi (ต้นข่อย)
• Sinhala: nithulla (නිතුල්ල)
• Tagalog: kalyós^[1]

The tree has a number of uses. It has been important in

. The paper is durable even in the local high-humidity climate. It does not burn easily and it is resistant to yellowing and insect damage. Today other fiber sources are used to make paper and khoi fibers are used primarily by artisans who produce paper using traditional techniques.

In Vietnam traditional woodworking uses the coarse texture of the leaves as natural sandpaper.

Various parts of the plant are used in

. It is a well known and documented ethnomedicinal plant. Research carried out using different in vitro and in vivo techniques of biological evaluation support most of these claims.

It has been used in the past as an oral hygiene product and for this reason it is also known as the toothbrush tree. A twig or stick about eight inches long with a frayed or mashed end to increase the cleaning surface was used as a tooth cleaning aid up until the middle of the twentieth century when the cheap and more practical plastic brush with a toothpaste become common throughout the world. It is the main active ingredient of a popular brand of a herbal, dark brown toothpaste in Thailand.

Different studies were carried on its antibacterial activity upon various microorganisms involving oral and nasopharyngeal infections and especially

.

The Khoi wood is used throughout Southeast Asia as an ingredient mixed with cannabis which reduces the throat irritation associated with inhaling cannabis smoke through a water pipe or bong.

• 
  Khoi bark
• 
  A Streblus asper tree in

  Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park
• 
  Fruits of Streblus asper

Protein coagulation

Streblus Asper contains protease which has a potential as a milk coagulating enzyme.^[2]

References

1. ^ Stuart, Godofredo (7 December 2007). "Kalyos". Stuartxchange.org. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
2. ^ Ahmed, Yousif Mohamed (August 2000). Kesinai (Streblus Asper) Protease As A Potential Milk Coagulating Enzyme (Thesis). Universiti Putra Malaysia. Retrieved 21 February 2017.

External links

• Pre clinical studies of Streblus asper Lour in terms of behavioural safety and toxicity.
• Medical research and properties
• History of paper production in Thailand