Timeline of Hama

The following is a

Prior to 7th century

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Early modern
Ottoman Syria (1516–1918)
Modern
Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920) French Mandate Syrian Federation (1922–25) State of Syria (1925–30) Mandatory Republic (1930–46) Independent First Syrian Republic (1946–50) Second Syrian Republic (1950–58, 1961–63) United Arab Republic (1958–61) Ba'thist Syria (1963–present)
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• 11th century BCE – Town is "capital of
  Aramean kingdom of Hamath."^[1]
• 854 BCE – Town taken by Assyrian Shalmaneser II.^[2]
• 743 BCE – Assyrians in power again.^[3]
• 740 BCE – Uprising.^[3]
• 720 BCE – Uprising "crushed by Sargon."^[2]
• 540 BCE –
  Persians
  in power (approximate date).
• 64 BCE – Town becomes part of the
  Roman province of Syria
  .

7th–19th centuries

• 639 CE – Town taken by Arab Muslim
  Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah.^[2]
• 637 – Great Mosque built.^[4]
• 10th century –
  Hamdanids
  in power.
• 968 – Town sacked by Byzantine forces of Nicephorus Phocas.^[1]
• 11th century – Town sacked by
  Mirdasid
  forces.
• 1108 – Tancred, Prince of Galilee takes town.^[2]
• 1114 –
  Seljuks in power.^[1]
• 1157 – Earthquake.^[5]
• 1172 – Nur al-Din Mosque built.
• 1175 –
  Zangids.^[1]
• 1178 – Al-Muzaffar I Umar becomes Emir of Hama.^[1]
• 1191 – Al-Mansur I Muhammad becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1221 – Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1229 – Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1244 –
  Al-Mansur Muhammad II becomes Emir of Hama
  .
• 1260 – Town
  sacked
  by Mongols.
• 1284 – Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1299 – Mamluks in power.^[1]
• 1310 – Ayyubid
  Abu al-Fida becomes Emir of Hama.^[5]
• 1323 – al-Izzi Mosque built.[4]
• 1326 – Abu'l-Fida Mosque built.^[4]
• 1331 – Al-Afdal Muhammad becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1400 –
  Timurlane
  takes town.
• 1453 – al-Mamunye (water wheel) constructed.^{[citation needed]}
• 1516 – Ottoman Turks in power.
• 1556 – Khan Rustum Pasha (caravansary) built.^{[citation needed]}
• 1742 – Azm Palace built.
• 1858 – Population: 30,000.^[6]
• 1864 – Town becomes capital of the Hamah sanjak (district) in the
  Vilayet of Sham.^[1]
• 1875 – Cholera outbreak.[5]
• 1898 – Public library opens (approximate date).^[7]

20th century

• 1901 – Population: 45,000 (approximate).^[3]
• 1902 –
  Rayak-Hama railway begins operating.^[8]
• 1906 – Aleppo-Hama railway constructed.[9]
• 1917 – Shaker al-Hanbali becomes mayor.^[10]
• 1918 – Town becomes part of
  French Mandate of Syria
  .
• 1925 – 1925 Hama uprising, early October uprising by Hama's inhabitants led by Fawzi al-Qawuqji against the French mandate, subsequent crackdown by French forces. Part of the Great Syrian Revolt.^[11]
• 1930 – Population: 60,000.^[12]
• 1941 – Al-Taliya Sport Club formed.
• 1945 – Al-Nawair Sport Club formed.
• 1946 – City becomes part of independent Syrian Republic.
• 1960 – Population: 97,390.^[13]
• 1963 – April: Anti-Baathist demonstrations.^[14]
• 1964
  • April: Conflict between Muslim Brotherhood and Baath leaders.^[12]
  • Population: 131,630 (estimate).^[15]
• 1970 – Population: 137,421.^[13]
• 1980 – February:
  Islamist uprising^[16]
• 1981 – April: 1981 Hama massacre.
• 1982 – February: Muslim Brotherhood uprising against
  Hafez al-Asad government; crackdown.^[16][17]
• 1985 – Population: 193,610 (estimate).[18]
• 1989 – Apamea Cham Palace Hotel built.^[4]

21st century

• 2003 – Population: 427,369 (estimate).^[13]
• 2008 – Population: 1,508,000 (estimate).^[19]
• 2011
  • 15 March–3 July:
    Mass demonstrations.^[16][20]
  • 3 July–4 August: Army crackdown on protesters.^[21][22]
  • September–December: Hama Governorate clashes^[23]
• 2012
  • 14 April: City under full SAA control
  • 25 April: Explosion in Mashaa Attayar.^[24][25]
• 2012/13
  • Autumn–spring: Rebels in control of Hamidiyah, Tariq Halab and Al-Arbain neighbourhoods^[26]
• 2013
  • 25 April–15 June: Rest of the city captured by SAA during 2013 Hama offensive.^[27]

See also

• Timelines of other cities in Syria: Aleppo, Damascus, Homs, Latakia

References

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

• Abraham Rees (1819). "Hamah". The Cyclopædia. London.
• Josiah Conder (1830), "(Hamah)", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
• "Hamah", Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine, London: J. Murray, 1858,
  OCLC 2300777
• "Hama", Palestine and Syria, Leipsig: Karl Baedeker, 1876

Published in 20th century

• "Hamah", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
• "Hamah" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 869.
• Trudy Ring, ed. (1996), "Hama", Middle East and Africa, International Dictionary of Historic Places, Routledge,
  ISBN 9781884964039
• N. E. Bou-Nacklie (1998). "Tumult in Syria's Hama in 1925: The Failure of a Revolt". Journal of Contemporary History. 33 (2): 273–289.
  S2CID 159788188
  .

Published in 21st century

• J.L. Whitaker (2008), "Hamah", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (eds.), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA:
  ABC-CLIO
• "Hama". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.

External links

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35°08′N 36°45′E / 35.133°N 36.750°E / 35.133; 36.750