Typhoon Chanchu

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Not to be confused with
Typhoon Chanthu
.
This article is about the 2006 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Chanchu and List of storms named Caloy.

Typhoon Chanchu (Caloy)
China, Japan, South Korea
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2006 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Chanchu, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Caloy, was the most intense

landfall near Shantou, Guangdong on May 17 as a severe tropical storm. The government of China considered Chanchu the earliest typhoon to make landfall in the province. On the next day, the storm emerged into the East China Sea, becoming extratropical on May 19 before dissipating west of Kyushu
.

Early in its duration, Chanchu moved through the Philippines, causing power outages and landslides in several islands. Despite a general warning against small boats sailing, a ferry departed

Okinawa and left another person missing, while rains extended into South Korea
.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

An area of

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) began issuing warnings on the storm as Tropical Storm Caloy.[1]

Severe Tropical Storm Chanchu near Samar on May 11

In its formative stages, Chanchu was located in an environment generally favorable for intensification. Its tracked shifted more to the west-northwest due to a building ridge to the south.

landfall on Samar in the eastern Philippines on May 11. Despite moving through the archipelago, Chanchu intensified slightly within the Sibuyan Sea, striking Mindoro on May 12 with 1 minute winds of 160 km/h (99 mph), according to the JTWC.[1][5] On May 13, Chanchu emerged into the South China Sea, and later that day the JMA upgraded it to typhoon status.[2]

Upon reaching the

rapidly intensified on May 14. While the storm was active, the JTWC upgraded Chanchu to a super typhoon with peak 1 minute winds of 250 km/h (160 mph),[1] although the agency later downgraded the peak winds to 230 km/h (140 mph). By contrast, the JMA estimated peak 10 minute winds of 175 km/h (109 mph) at 00:00 UTC on May 15.[5] According to the Hong Kong Observatory, the 10 minute winds reached 185 km/h (115 mph),[5] which made Chanchu the strongest typhoon in the South China Sea in the month of May.[8]

By the time Chanchu attained peak winds, an eastward-moving trough over China broke up the ridge to the north,[7] causing the typhoon to turn sharply to the north into a less favorable environment.[1] With decreased outflow and stronger wind shear, Chanchu began slowly weakening.[9] The eye initially remained small, but the outer eyewall deteriorated on May 16 as the convection decreased in the northern periphery.[10] The trough that previously weakened the ridge steered Chanchu to the north-northeast and forced an extratropical transition.[11] Late on May 17, the JMA downgraded the typhoon to a severe tropical storm.[2] Around that time, Chanchu made landfall near Shantou, Guangdong in southeastern China,[1] about 315 km (196 mi) east of Hong Kong;[12] the JTWC estimated landfall winds of 130 km/h (81 mph),[1] while the JMA estimated them at 110 km/h (70 km/h).[5] Early on May 18, the JTWC discontinued advisories, although the JMA continued tracking Chanchu over southeastern China through eastern Fujian province. Later on May 18, the storm emerged into the East China Sea, becoming fully extratropical at 00:00 UTC on May 19. The remnants continued toward Japan before dissipating at 18:00 UTC that day off the west coast of Kyushu in southern Japan.[1][2][5]

Preparations

Philippine provinces where public storm signals were raised

Officials in southern Leyte recommended that residents evacuate to prevent a repeat of a deadly landslide in February 2006. Officials canceled several flights and ferry lines,[13] stranding 10,000 people.[14] In all, 2,144 people evacuated in the Philippines.[15] PAGASA issued a storm signal number 2 for several provinces along Chanchu's path, as well as storm signal number 1 for other areas, largely forecasting for rainfall and gusty winds.[16]

Vietnamese fishermen in the South China Sea received 24 hours of warning from the National Hydrometerological Forecast Center before Chanchu approached the area, less time than other agencies in the region.[17] At one point, Chanchu was forecast to become a strong typhoon and make landfall near Hong Kong. In response to the threat, officials at the Hong Kong Observatory, as well as in Macau, issued a standby signal to inform the public of the approaching typhoon.[18] The HKO issued a warning signal number 3 on May 17.[8] In the territory, 60 flights were canceled with another 14 delayed,[8] beaches were closed, and ferry service was disrupted.[19] Ahead of the storm, about 1 million people evacuated from coastal Guangdong and Fujian provinces to government warehouses, schools, tents, or the houses of relatives.[20] In the former province, 62,000 fishermen were ordered to return to port, while four flights were canceled at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport. Residents were advised to remain indoors, and workers reinforced billboards in anticipation of the strong winds. Rail and boat transport was stopped between Guangdong and Hainan across the Qiongzhou Strait due to the typhoon.[19] Schools were closed in Guangdong during the storm's passage, although they remained open in Fujian.[21] In Shanghai, the speed limit of Donghai Bridge was halved because of strong winds.[22]

Ahead of the storm, the

Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan issued land and sea warnings.[23] The Tainan City Government and three county governments closed for one day. All domestic flights to offshore islands were canceled, and rail service was interrupted.[24] Later, airlines canceled 12 flights in Japan due to the storm.[25]

Impact

The Philippines and Malaysia

Rainfall from Chanchu up to May 12

While moving through the Philippines, Chanchu affected several islands with strong winds and heavy rainfall. In

Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro, and its crew of 13 was rescued.[14] Throughout the country, Chanchu killed 41 people,[19] mostly from the Masbate ferry wreck.[26] The storm damaged 5,630 homes, and destroyed 1,013 others,[15] forcing 53,307 people to leave their homes.[26] Agricultural losses totaled ₱71.57 million (PHP, US$1.3 million),[nb 4] chiefly to the corn harvest,[26] with an additional ₱46 million (PHP, US$850,000)[nb 4] in infrastructure damage.[15]

While stalled over the South China Sea, Chanchu's large circulation caused an increase in rainfall over Malaysia.[29] The typhoon brought the onset of the summer monsoon in the South China Sea after shifting the prevailing winds over the region.[30]

Vietnam

While moving slowly through the South China Sea, Chanchu produced strong waves that struck the east coast of

Quảng Ngãi Province, 94 fishermen sought refuge on a Chinese island,[34] and 22 boats were found on Pratas Island (Tungsha/Dongsha), Taiwan (ROC).[31] One Chinese ship rescued 97 fishermen, but also found 18 people killed.[32] Chinese ships ultimately rescued 330 fishermen from 22 boats and provided them with food and water; this was the country's largest oceanic rescue at the time. Two Vietnamese boats departed from Quảng Ngãi to assist crews on damaged boats attempting to return to port.[31] Medical teams greeted the ships returning to harbor, while an altar was set up for the deceased.[33] After two weeks, the government of Vietnam ended the search, with 21 bodies found, and the remaining 220 missing fishermen presumed killed.[17]

China

Southeastern China
on May 17

Typhoon Chanchu was the earliest on record to strike Guangdong at the time, having struck the country 44 days earlier than the average date for the first strike. Rainfall in the country spread across Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang,[35] and Chanchu became the earliest typhoon to affect Shanghai in 80 years.[34] Rainfall totaled over 250 mm (9.8 in) in southeastern Guangdong and southwestern Fujian. In the former province, wind gusts peaked at 170 km/h (110 mph) in Huilai.[35]

Upon striking China, Chanchu produced deadly flooding and landslides along its path,

yuan (RMB, US$320 million).[34] In nearby Xiamen, the typhoon forced 43 factories to temporarily close, resulting in a loss of ¥62.2 million yuan (RMB, US$7.8 million).[nb 5][21] The storm killed eight people in Guangdong, five of them due to traffic accidents, and a further 15 in Fujian.[34] Overall damage was estimated at ¥7 billion yuan (RMB, US$872 million),[nb 5] roughly evenly split between Guangdong and Fujian.[34] This was less than expected given the winds at landfall.[21]

While passing east of Hong Kong, the outer rainbands of Chanchu dropped 43.5 mm (1.71 in) of rainfall at

jetfoil bound for Macau.[8]

Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea

High waves in

Kaohsiung City; all 13 crew members were rescued with helicopters. In Kaohsiung County, the typhoon wrecked several dikes in coastal cities. Chanchu also produced heavy rainfall on the island, causing flooding and landslides, the latter of which covered a highway. Swollen rivers swept away three farmers in Hualien County, who were later rescued, and killed two sisters in Pingtung County underneath the Sandimen Bridge.[24]

In Nishihara, Okinawa, high waves caused by Chanchu swept away three bathers. The Japan Coast Guard rescued one, another was killed, and the third remained missing as of May 23.[40] The remnants of Chanchu produced 121 mm (4.8 in) of rainfall in Gifu Prefecture in combination with a nearby cold front, causing one landslide.[41] A fallen tree in Nagasaki Prefecture caused a small power outage, and nearby there was a damaged home.[25]

The trough that engulfed Chanchu drew moisture from the typhoon, leading to heavy rainfall in portions of South Korea that reached 144 mm (5.7 in) on Jeju Island. Along with strong winds, the rains caused ferry and flight cancelations.[42]

Aftermath

In the days after Chanchu moved through the Philippines, then-President

red tide in Taal Lake, after dispersing a Ceratium bloom.[46]

Immediate after Chanchu's China landfall, officials began distributing tents, quilts, water purification tablets, and disinfectant.[20] The government of Fujian set up a ¥8.5 million yuan (RMB, $1.06 million) relief fund.[34] In the months after Chanchu, China suffered from several other damaging tropical cyclones, including Tropical Storm Bilis and Typhoon Saomai.[47] Damage from Chanchu forced the China National Offshore Oil Corporation to shut down for a time, which contributed to an annual decrease in its oil output.[48] The Chinese government recognized 50 people who assisted in the South China Sea search and rescue mission, and two vessels were declared "hero ships".[49]

Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs presented an award to the Vietnam News Agency in June 2006 for its charitable donations, which included the distribution of ₫112 million (VND, US$11,200)[nb 6] to storm victims.[56] One fisherman claimed to survive for two weeks in the open seas before being rescued, although he later confessed that he was safely on another boat, and wanted his family to retain the disaster compensation; after the man revealed that he had lied, his family was able to retain the relief funds due to their poverty.[57] The head of the Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment resigned two weeks after Chanchu killed many fishermen because of inadequate warnings. Then-Deputy Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng ordered a review of the meteorological agency as a result.[17] Within a few years after the typhoon, the meteorological agency began issuing more accurate and timely forecasts.[58] After the many deaths of fishermen from Chanchu, the Vietnam government prevented any fishermen from leaving harbor during the passage of Typhoon Durian in November.[59]

After the season ended, members of the 39th meeting of the Typhoon Committee of the

basin name lists beginning in 2008.[60]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ All damage totals are in 2006 values of their respective currencies.
  2. Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[2]
  3. ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[3]
  4. ^ a b c The total was originally reported in Philippine pesos. Total converted via the Oanda Corporation website.[28]
  5. ^
    Chinese yuan. Total converted via the Oanda Corporation website.[39]
  6. ^ a b The total was originally reported in Vietnamese đồng. Total converted via the Oanda Corporation website.[51]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kevin Boyle. "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary May 2006". Gary Padgett. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo: Typhoon Center 2006 (PDF) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. 21. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  3. ^ "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
  4. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (May 9, 2006). "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 02W Warning NR 02". Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). 2006 Chanchu (2006128N09138). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  6. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (May 13, 2006). "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 02W Warning NR 20". Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  7. ^ a b Joint Typhoon Warning Center (May 14, 2006). "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 02W Warning NR 22". Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  8. ^ a b c d e "3.1 Typhoon Chanchu (0601): 9-18 May 2006" (PDF). Tropical Cyclones in 2006. Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  9. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (May 15, 2006). "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 02W Warning NR 28". Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  10. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (May 16, 2006). "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 02W Warning NR 32". Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  11. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (May 17, 2006). "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 02W Warning NR 36". Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  12. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (May 17, 2006). "Typhoon Chanchu (02W) Warning NR 037". Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  13. ^ a b "Philippine storm leaves thousands homeless, stranded". ReliefWeb. Deutsche Presse Agentur. May 12, 2006. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  14. ^ a b c Cet Dematera (May 14, 2006). "21 killed in ferry sinking". Philippine Star. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  15. ^ a b c "Consolidated Damage Reports for TS "Caloy"" (PDF). Asian Disaster Reduction Center. May 15, 2006. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  16. ^ Beverly T. Natvidad (May 16, 2006). "Typhoon crop damage reaches P72 million". Business World. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  17. ^ a b c "Vietnam's typhoon Chanchu toll over 240 as sea search ends". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. May 3, 2006. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  18. ^ Wang Nan, ed. (May 15, 2006). "HK issues warning as Typhoon Chanchu getting closer". Xinhua. Archived from the original on August 10, 2009. Retrieved May 20, 2006.
  19. ^ a b c Cindy Sui (May 17, 2006). "620,000 evacuated in southern China as Typhoon Chanchu nears". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  20. ^ a b c d e "Typhoon Chanchu: China, Philippines, Vietnam Information Bulletin No. 01". International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. ReliefWeb. May 19, 2006. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  21. ^ a b c Leu Siew Ying (May 19, 2006). "Chanchu kills 11, heads for Taiwan; Fujian caught off guard, keeping schools open in typhoon". South China Morning Post. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  22. ^ Gao Ling (May 19, 2006). 东海大桥启动预警车速减至正常一半. Youth Daily (in Chinese). Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  23. ^ "CWB issues sea warning for Typhoon Chanchu". The China Post, Taiwan. May 17, 2006. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  24. ^ a b "Su orders efforts to cope with Typhoon Chanchu". The China Post. May 18, 2006. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  25. ^ a b "Weather Disaster Report (2006-817-05)" (in Japanese). Digital Typhoon. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  26. ^ a b c d e f Sheila Crisostomo (May 16, 2006). "Caloy - Storm Signals Lifted". Philippine Star. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  27. ^ a b "Philippines: Building a new home after Typhoon Chanchu". Tzu Chi Foundation. May 19, 2006. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  28. ^ "Historical Exchange Rates". Oanda Corporation. 2014. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  29. ^ a b ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee Thirty-Ninth Session (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. pp. 5, 59. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
  30. doi:10.1029/2008GL033810
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  31. ^ a b c d e Le Thang Long (May 21, 2006). "Typhoon kills 37 Vietnamese sailors, China rescues 330". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
  32. ^ a b Ho Binh Minh (May 20, 2006). "Asia typhoon kills 104, hundreds missing in Vietnam". ReliefWeb. Reuters. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
  33. ^ a b Le Thang Long (May 23, 2006). "Ships with typhoon survivors, dead approach Vietnam". Agence France-Presse. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g "China: Typhoon death toll rises to 23". Government of the People's Republic of China. ReliefWeb. May 20, 2006. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
  35. ^ a b Review of the 2006 Typhoon Season For the 39th Session of the Typhoon Committee (DOC). World Meteorological Organization (Report). December 9, 2006. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  36. ^ Yang Lei (May 18, 2006). "Typhoon Chanchu to arrive in East China Sea". China Government's Official Web Portal. Xinhua. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  37. ^ a b Yang Lei (May 18, 2006). "Typhoon Chanchu kills 11 after slamming in China". Chinese Government's Official Web Portal. Xinhua. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  38. ^ "Typhoon Chanchu kills 8 in China". New York Times. May 18, 2006. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  39. ^ "Historical Exchange Rates". Oanda Corporation. 2014. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
  40. ^ "Weather Disaster Report (2006-918-02)" (in Japanese). Digital Typhoon. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  41. ^ "Weather Disaster Report (2006-632-08)" (in Japanese). Digital Typhoon. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  42. ^ Chung Ah-young (May 20, 2006). "Heavy Rain Hits South". Korea Times. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  43. ^ "Philippines: Statement of Secretary Ignacio R. Bunye – Re disaster management". Government of the Philippines. ReliefWeb. May 13, 2006. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  44. ^ "Areas Declare Under State of Calamity from CY 2001 to 2007" (PDF). Philippines Center for Investigative Journalism. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  45. ^ Adventist Development and Relief Agency International (June 12, 2006). "Rebuilding after typhoon Caloy hits the Philippines". ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  46. ^ Rudy A. Fernandez (May 29, 2006). "Another alga causing red tide in Taal Lake". Philippine Star. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  47. ^ "China blitzed by meteorological disasters in 2006". Xinhua. August 26, 2006. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  48. ^ "Report: CNOOC saw 2006 oil production fall 1.3 percent". Associated Press. March 6, 2007. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  49. ^ "China honours units, individuals involved in saving Vietnamese fishermen". Xinhua. June 21, 2006. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  50. ^ 陈德良致电胡锦涛感谢中方救助越南渔民-搜狐新闻. Beijing Daily (in Chinese). Xinhua. May 23, 2006. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  51. ^ "Historical Exchange Rates". Oanda Corporation. 2014. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
  52. ^ Government of Viet Nam (May 26, 2006). "Viet Nam: Continued coordination called for in typhoon victim search". ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  53. ^ Government of Viet Nam (June 6, 2006). "Viet Nam: Pakistani Foreign Minister sympathises with typhoon victims". ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  54. ^ Government of Viet Nam (June 19, 2006). "Overseas Vietnamese in Greece help Typhoon Chanchu victims". ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  55. ^ "Vietnam: Red Cross bolsters local co-operation". Thai News Service. June 12, 2006. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  56. ^ "Vietnam: VNA saluted for charitable efforts". Thai News Service. June 29, 2006. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  57. ^ "Vietnamese "miracle" fisherman admits lying". Deutsche Presse-Agentur. August 18, 2006. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  58. ^ Government of Viet Nam (March 23, 2009). "Vietnam needs effective strategy on natural disasters". ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  59. ^ "Vietnam evacuates 90,000 ahead of typhoon Durian". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. December 4, 2006. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  60. ^ Report of the Fortieth Session of the Typhoon Committee (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. 2007. Retrieved June 26, 2014.

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