Typhoon Goni
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | 26 October 2020 |
Dissipated | 6 November 2020 |
Violent typhoon | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 220 km/h (140 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 905 hPa (mbar); 26.72 inHg |
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 315 km/h (195 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 884 hPa (mbar); 26.10 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 32 |
Damage | $1.02 billion (2020 USD) |
Areas affected | Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season |
Typhoon Goni, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Rolly, was an extremely powerful tropical cyclone that made landfall as a Category 5 equivalent super typhoon on Catanduanes in the Philippines, and in Vietnam as a tropical storm. It is the strongest landfalling tropical cyclone on record by 1-minute maximum sustained winds. The name "Goni" means swan in Korean. The nineteenth named storm, ninth typhoon, and second super typhoon of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season, Goni originated as a tropical depression south portion of Guam on October 26. It was then named as Tropical Storm Goni on October 27. On the next day, Goni explosively intensified over the Philippine Sea, becoming a Category 5–equivalent super typhoon on October 30. Goni maintained Category 5 strength for over a day, before making landfall on Catanduanes at peak intensity, with 10-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph),[1] and 1-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph), with a minimum central pressure of 905 hPa (mbar; 26.72 inHg). It was the most intense tropical cyclone observed worldwide in 2020.[2]
Following its first landfall, Goni rapidly weakened while it moved over the
After Goni moved into the South China Sea, it weakened to a tropical storm. It started to move generally westward towards Vietnam. It eventually reached the country late on November 5 as a tropical depression, bringing heavy rain and gusty winds. International relief from several countries as well as the United Nations followed soon after the typhoon moved away from the Philippines.[5] The relief included donations totaling up to $11.48 million and protection from the pandemic, among other items.
Meteorological history
After
As the system continued tracking westward under favorable conditions in the Pacific Ocean, the JMA and JTWC upgraded the system into a
At 18:00 UTC on October 31 (2:00 PHT November 1), hours before Goni's first landfall, PAGASA upgraded Goni into a super typhoon. This was the second time that the PAGASA declared a system as a super typhoon since its introduction of the revised tropical cyclone intensity scale, the first being Haima in 2016. This is also the second time that the highest wind warning level, Signal #5, was raised in the Philippines as per the revised tropical cyclone wind signals. At 20:50 UTC on October 31 (4:50 PHT November 1), Goni made landfall in Bato, Catanduanes, Philippines, at peak intensity, as a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon.[23][24] The JMA and PAGASA both reported 10-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph)[25] and 225 km/h (140 mph), respectively,[23] while the JTWC estimated 1-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph) at the time of landfall.[22] By 1-minute sustained winds, this made Goni the strongest recorded tropical cyclone to ever make landfall anywhere in the world.[20][26] Goni made additional landfalls in Tiwi, Albay at 23:20 UTC and San Narciso, Quezon at 04:00 UTC, on November 1.[27][28] Goni then made its fourth and final landfall in the Philippines in Lobo, Batangas at 09:30 UTC.[29] Interaction with land, plus an increase in wind shear caused Goni to rapidly weaken and it emerged over the South China Sea as a minimal tropical storm.[30][31]
Before exiting the PAR, Goni slightly reintensified, but further development was hampered by unfavorable conditions., which had all struck the same region a few weeks earlier.
Preparations
Philippines
The Bicol Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC) issued a no-sail policy that was put in place on October 29.[35] The Philippine Coast Guard stopped giving travel permits to sea vessels bound for the Polillo Island.[36] On October 30 at 8:00 PHT (0:00 UTC), authorities of Quezon placed the province in red alert in preparation for the storm, which requires operation and monitoring teams to be available at all times as the typhoon worsens. At the same time, the Camarines Norte Incident Management Team began evacuating 35,000 families, around 159,000 people, from high-risk areas, including coastal villages inside the province's bayside capital,
Daet.[37] On the same day, the NDRRMC raised a nationwide red alert in preparation for the storm's impact.[38]
The
On the morning of the October 31, less than 24 hours before the typhoon made landfall, PAGASA raised a
By evening, PAGASA raised the first Signal #4 tropical cyclone warning of the year in Catanduanes and the eastern portion of Camarines Sur, and in the northern portion of Albay a few hours later.[48][49] By the end of the day, almost a million individuals were evacuated: 749,000 from Albay and 200,000 from Camarines Sur; this exceeded the number of people evacuated ahead of Typhoon Haiyan in 2013.[50][51][26] The Manila International Airport Authority announced that Ninoy Aquino International Airport would be temporarily closed for 24 hours, beginning 10:00 am the following day.[52] Closures in ports left 1,300 passengers stranded in Bicol and Eastern Visayas.[53] Many existing evacuation centers, usually basketball courts and multi-purpose halls, were already being used by victims of the COVID-19 pandemic, which complicated evacuation for those affected by the typhoon.[54]
PAGASA-DOST @dost_pagasa At 2:00 AM today, Typhoon #RollyPH intensified into a Super Typhoon. TCWS #5 will be raised over Catanduanes, Eastern Camarines Sur, and Albay. Catastrophic wind damage is expected.
31 Oct 2020[55]
By the early morning of November 1, hours prior to Goni's landfall, the PAGASA raised Signal #5, the highest tropical cyclone warning signal, in Catanduanes, Albay, and the eastern portion, and eventually the whole, of Camarines Sur.
A total of 480,174 individuals were preemptively evacuated in 8 regions.[58]
Vietnam
According to the
Impact
Philippines
At 20:50 UTC on October 31 (4:50 PHT November 1), Goni made its first landfall in Catanduanes Island at peak intensity, bringing violent, catastrophic winds to areas near the eye of the storm.[61] At least 25 people had died, 399 people were injured and 6 others went missing from the typhoon.[62] Around 125 cities and towns were left without electricity after the storms passing.[63] 1,612,893 individuals over 6 regions were affected by the typhoon.[58] Around 16,900 hectares of cropland were damaged, affecting some 18,000 farmers. It is estimated that 66,000 metric tons of rice, corn, and other high value crops were damaged.[64] In its update, the NDRRMC said a total of P8.47 billion (US$175.44 million) worth of roads, bridges, flood control systems, schools and government buildings were damaged in the Cordillera Administrative Region, National Capital Region, Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, Calabarzon (Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon), Mimaropa (Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan), Bicol and Eastern Visayas.[65]
Flights and train operations resumed a day after the typhoon's landfall.[66] As of November 11, the NDRRMC has reported ₱12.9 billion (US$266 million) of infrastructure damages, along with ₱5 billion (US$103 million) of agricultural damage, with a combined total of ₱17.9 billion (US$369 million).[64][62] 31 people were reported dead.[3]
Bicol
By 8:00 PHT (0:00 UTC), power outages were widespread in the Bicol Region, as 10 electric cooperatives reported a loss of power caused by toppled electric posts and damaged transmission lines.
In Albay, at least 14 people were killed by the storm, one of which was a 5-year-old child that was reportedly washed away by the flood.[75] In Catanduanes, at least 6 were killed.[76] Three were reported missing.[77] In Pandan, 222 partially damaged houses had been recorded.[78]
Calabarzon
Laguna de Bay overflowed by 6 ft (1.8 m) due to the rains brought by the typhoon, and nearly 3,000 families were forced to evacuate.[79] Floods in Batangas City reached the roofs of houses,[80] trapping at least 300 families. The Batangas Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council chief requested for more volunteers from regional government agencies to assist with emergency response.[81] The floods subsided by 21:00 PHT on November 2, with 110 individuals having been rescued by the local disaster management team.[58]
Mimaropa
In Marinduque, three municipalities experienced flooding, with Santa Cruz experiencing over 6 feet flood waters.[58] 1 person was reported missing while another was injured after the typhoon triggered flash floods in the province.[82] In Oriental Mindoro, one person died, while another was reported missing.[83]
Vietnam
On November 5, Tropical Depression Goni made landfall in southern
Damage in
Aftermath
Philippines
Rank | Storm | Season | Damage | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PHP | USD | ||||
1 | Yolanda (Haiyan) | 2013 | ₱95.5 billion | $2.2 billion | [88] |
2 | Odette (Rai) | 2021 | ₱51.8 billion | $1.02 billion | [89] |
3 | Pablo (Bopha) | 2012 | ₱43.2 billion | $1.06 billion | [90] |
4 | Glenda (Rammasun) | 2014 | ₱38.6 billion | $771 million | [91] |
5 | Ompong (Mangkhut) | 2018 | ₱33.9 billion | $627 million | [92] |
6 | Pepeng (Parma) | 2009 | ₱27.3 billion | $581 million | [93] |
7 | Ulysses (Vamco) | 2020 | ₱20.2 billion | $418 million | [94] |
8 | Rolly (Goni) | 2020 | ₱20 billion | $369 million | [95] |
9 | Paeng (Nalgae) | 2022 | ₱17.6 billion | $321 million | [96] |
10 | Pedring (Nesat) | 2011 | ₱15.6 billion | $356 million | [90] |
On October 31,
Broadcast news coverage on Goni was significantly reduced compared to typhoons in previous years because of the
In the Bicol Region alone, over 96,000 families or about 346,000 individuals were in evacuation centers. 390,028 individuals were displaced from their homes, and 1,103 passengers remain stranded in the ports.[73][105] In Aurora, 9,747 individuals were displaced from their homes.[106] About 226 schools have been damaged by the typhoon, including 7,169 learning materials and 194 computer sets; the majority of which were within Bicol but some were in Mimaropa and Calabarzon.[107] In total, 68.6 million people have been affected by Typhoon Goni in some way, including 724,000 children in the most affected areas.[108]
The
On November 2, Camarines Sur officials placed the province under a state of calamity,[113] with Catanduanes doing the same on November 4.[114]
During the 37th ASEAN Summit on November 12, President Rodrigo Duterte urged the organization members to help in fighting against climate change.[115]
International aid
- United Nations:
- Food and Agriculture Organization: Helped assess the damage done to crops in affected areas.[64]
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF): Pre-positioned WASH items, child-friendly tent spaces, as well as education materials.[64]
- Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA): Launched a US$45.5 million appeal for six-months of support for 260,000 disaster-affected people.[116]
- International Organization for Migration (IOM): Deployed teams across the Bicol Region and Region IV to assess the needs of those displaced by the Typhoon. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the IOM has also sent personal protective equipment, such as 200,000 face masks, 20,000 bottles of sanitizer, 2,000 face shields, and 500 tents.[64]
- United States: Assisted in delivery of relief goods and emergency shelter supplies in Bicol,[117] and donated US$200,000 in emergency assistance through their Agency for International Development.[118]
- Australia: Provided emergency shelter kits through the Philippine Red Cross.[117]
- United Arab Emirates: Donated Dh35 million (US$9.52 million) as urgent humanitarian aid.[119]
- United Kingdom: Donated £1 million (US$1.30 million) to both the Philippines and Vietnam due to the recent onslaught of multiple typhoons, to be distributed by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies through local Red Cross partners.[120]
- South Korea: Donated US$200,000 to the Philippine Red Cross.[122]
Retirement
On January 21, 2021, the PAGASA retired the name Rolly from the rotating naming lists due to the extreme damage it brought, particularly in the Bicol Region and it will never be used again as a typhoon name within Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). It was replaced by Romina for the 2024 season.[123][124][125]
After the season, the Typhoon Committee announced that the name Goni, along with four others will be removed from the naming lists. In the spring of 2022, the name was replaced with Gaenari.[126][127][128]
See also
- Weather of 2020
- Tropical cyclones in 2020
- List of violent typhoons
- List of super typhoons
- Typhoon Harriet (1959)
- Typhoon Angela (1995) – Typhoon with a similar track to Typhoon Goni's
- Typhoon Xangsane (2006)
- Typhoon Durian (2006)
- Typhoon Megi (2010) – An extremely powerful Category 5-equivalent typhoon that made the strongest landfall in Luzon in terms of barometric pressure.
- Typhoon Haiyan (2013)
- Typhoon Rammasun (2014)
- Typhoon Hagupit (2014)
- Typhoon Melor (2015)
- Typhoon Nock-ten (2016)
- Typhoon Mangkhut (2018) - A powerful Category 5-equivalent typhoon that make landfall in Luzon and due devastating damage in Hong Kong.
- Typhoon Yutu (2018) – A powerful Category 5-equivalent typhoon that took a similar track.
- Typhoon Molave (2020) – Another strong typhoon that affected the same areas a few days before.
- Typhoon Vamco (2020) – Another powerful typhoon that affected the same areas a week and a few days prior to Goni.
- Typhoon Noru (2022) – An extremely destructive Category 5-equivalent typhoon that hit the same areas two years later and rapidly intensified over the same period. It also has similar movement to Goni.
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External links
- 22W.GONI from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
- Typhoon 202019 (GONI) from Digital Typhoon
- Typhoon Goni - Oct 2020 from ReliefWeb