Typhoon Meranti

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Meranti and List of storms named Ferdie.

Typhoon Meranti (Ferdie)
Meranti near peak intensity on September 13
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 8, 2016
DissipatedSeptember 17, 2016
Violent typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds220 km/h (140 mph)
Lowest pressure890 hPa (mbar); 26.28 inHg
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds315 km/h (195 mph)
Lowest pressure884 hPa (mbar); 26.10 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities47
Damage$4.79 billion (2016 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines, Taiwan, China, South Korea
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2016 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Meranti, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Ferdie, was one of the

Korean Peninsula
.

The island of Itbayat sustained a direct hit from the super typhoon near its peak intensity, severing communications from the island for several days. However, no fatalities were reported on the island. The typhoon caused

eastern China, where 45 people were killed from floods. Total economic cost in China reached ¥
31.78 billion (US$4.76 billion). In total, Meranti caused US$4.79 billion in damage and killed 47 people.

During its lifetime, Meranti broke or tied several meteorological records. With JTWC-estimated 1-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph), Meranti is tied with Haiyan in 2013, Goni in 2020 and Surigae in 2021 as the strongest typhoon on record by wind speed. Additionally, in terms of 1-minute sustained winds, the storm's landfall on the island of Itbayat shortly after peak intensity ties it with Haiyan as the second strongest landfalling tropical cyclone on record, only behind Goni. The estimated pressure of 890 mbar (26 inHg) was also the lowest on record in the Western Pacific since Megi in 2010.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On September 8, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)[nb 1] issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for an area of convection about 155 km (96 mi) west of Guam in the western Pacific Ocean. According to the agency, the circulation was rapidly consolidating alongside fragmented rainbands.[2] At 18:00 UTC that night, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)[nb 2] classified the system as a tropical depression.[4] On the next day, the JTWC classified it as Tropical Depression 16W. By that time, the nascent system was moving slowly west-northwestward through a region of low wind shear, steered by ridges to the north and southwest. Increasing but fragmented convection, or thunderstorms, was fueled by unusually warm water temperatures and outflow from the south.[5] At 06:00 UTC on September 10, the JMA upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Meranti,[6] which meandered over its own track while consolidating.[7]

Northerly wind shear shifted the deepest convection to the south of Meranti's circulation,

super typhoon, with 1-minute maximum sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph).[15] Six hours later, the JTWC estimated 1-minute sustained winds of 285 km/h (180 mph), equivalent to Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson scale, while noting "an extremely favorable environment", and that the eye became even more symmetric within intense convection.[16] Outflow enhanced by a strong anticyclone over Meranti fueled the intensification,[17] and the typhoon peaked in intensity on September 13 while passing through the Luzon Strait
.

Typhoon Meranti due south of Taiwan on September 14

The JMA estimated peak 10-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph) and a minimum

Itbayat in the Philippine province of Batanes shortly after attaining its peak intensity, with 1-minute sustained winds of 305 km/h (190 mph).[21][22] A weather station on the island measured 10-minute sustained winds of 180 km/h (110 mph) and a concurrent pressure of 933.6 mbar (27.57 inHg) around 17:00 UTC before being destroyed. Just south of Itbayat in Basco, sustained winds peaked at 144 km/h (89 mph), gusts reached 252 km/h (157 mph), and a minimum pressure of 935.4 mbar (27.62 inHg) was observed in the eyewall.[23]

At around 03:15

Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian, with measured 2-minute sustained winds of 173 km/h (107 mph),[24] making it the second strongest typhoon ever to make landfall in Fujian Province.[25]

Impact

Philippines

Itbayat
at 17:35 UTC on September 13.

Meranti struck the northernmost Philippine province of

state of calamity was declared for the province on September 15. Total damage exceeded an approximate total of ₱244.99 million (US$5.16 million) as of September 24.[26]

Government relief efforts reached Itbayat on September 18, reporting no casualties on the island.[28]

Taiwan

Tree damage in Birth Day Park, Kaohsiung

At least two people were killed in Taiwan.[29] Nearly 1 million households lost power and 720,000 lost water supply.[30] Agricultural damage exceeded NT$850 million (US$26.8 million).[31] A small lighthouse in Taitung County collapsed and rough seas unmoored 10 vessels in Kaohsiung Harbor.[27]

Mainland China

Trees and billboards were destroyed after Typhoon Meranti, Xiamen.

Typhoon Meranti wrought extensive damage across Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. In Fujian, the storm killed 18 people and left 11 others missing. Typhoon-force winds and flash floods caused tremendous damage, leaving ¥31.78 billion (US$4.76 billion) in economic losses and killed 45 people across East China.[32] In Fujian, the cities of Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou were left paralyzed in Meranti's wake,[33] while flash floods in Yongchun County destroyed an 871-year-old bridge that was classified as a protected heritage site.[27][34] Flooding in Zhejiang claimed at least ten lives and left four others missing. At least 902 homes collapsed and 1.5 million people in the province were affected.[33]

Retirement

See also: List of retired Pacific typhoon names

During the 49th annual session from the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee during February 2017, the name Meranti was retired from the rotating lists of names. In March 2018, the Typhoon Committee chose Nyatoh as its replacement name.[35]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[1]
  2. Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[3]

References

  1. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2011). "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
  2. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 8, 2016. Archived from the original on October 27, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  3. ^ "Latest Advisories on Current Tropical Cyclones Hurricanes Typhoons". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  4. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  5. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 16W (Sixteen) Warning NR 001 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 8, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  6. ^ "TS 1614 (Meranti) Upgraded from TD". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  7. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 16W (Sixteen) Warning NR 002 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 9, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  8. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 16W (Sixteen) Warning NR 004 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 9, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  9. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 009 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 10, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  10. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 010 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 11, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  11. ^ "TY 1614 (Meranti) Upgraded from TS". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  12. ^ Tropical Storm 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 011 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 11, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  13. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 012 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 11, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  14. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 014 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 12, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  15. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 015 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 12, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  16. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 016 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 12, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  17. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 16W (Meranti) Warning NR 017 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 12, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  18. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 13, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  19. ^ Various. "Tropical Cyclone Advisories". Unisys Corporation. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  20. ^ Bob Hensen; Jeff Masters (September 13, 2016). "Taiwan, China Brace for Cat 5 Meranti; TS Ian Churns Through Open Atlantic". WeatherUnderground. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  21. ^ Masters, Jeff. "Winston's 180 mph Winds in Fiji: Southern Hemisphere's Strongest Storm on Record". Weather Underground. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  22. ^ Smith, Nicola (September 14, 2016). "Typhoon Meranti: fears for tiny Philippine island in eye of a megastorm". The Guardian. Taipei. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
  23. ^ Renito B. Paciente (2016). "Tropical Cyclone Passage Report" (PDF). Typhoon Committee. PAGASA. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  24. ^ 中央气象台15日3时20分发布台风登陆消息 (in Chinese (China)). National Meteorological Center. September 14, 2016. Archived from the original on September 14, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
  25. ^ "Typhoon Meranti lashes China after pounding Taiwan". Sechylles News. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  26. ^ a b SitRep No. 12 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of Typhoon FERDIE MERANTI (PDF) (Report). The Philippine National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. September 24, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
  27. ^ a b c Eric Chaney and Sean Breslin (September 17, 2016). "At Least 15 Dead, 14 Missing After Typhoon Meranti Slams Taiwan, China". The Weather Channel. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  28. ^ Tupaz, Voltaire (September 18, 2016). "Zero casualty: Government reaches isolated Batanes island". Rappler. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  29. ^ "Death toll rises to 15 after typhoon batters China, Taiwan". CTVNews. September 17, 2016.
  30. ^ Andrew V. Pestano (September 15, 2016). "Typhoon Meranti kills one, destroys historic bridge; thousands without power". United Press International. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  31. ^ Wendy Lee (September 19, 2016). "Agricultural losses from typhoon Meranti over NT$850 million". Taiwan News. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
  32. ^ CMA (October 27, 2016). Member Report: China (PDF). ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2017. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
  33. ^ a b "China braces for another typhoon after 'Meranti' kills 28". Economic Times. September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  34. ^ "Typhoon Meranti leaves 16 dead or missing in China, destroys ancient bridge". The Straits Times. Agence France-Presse. September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  35. ^ "Replacement Names of HAIMA, SARIKA, NOCK-TEN and MERANTI in the Tropical Cyclone Name List" (PDF). ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. February 21, 2018.

External links

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