Typhoon Faxai

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This article is about the 2019 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Faxai.
Typhoon Faxai
Reiwa 1 Bōsō Peninsula Typhoon
Faxai at peak intensity on September 8
Meteorological history
FormedAugust 29, 2019
ExtratropicalSeptember 10, 2019
DissipatedSeptember 12, 2019
Very strong typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds155 km/h (100 mph)
Lowest pressure955 hPa (mbar); 28.20 inHg
Category 4-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds215 km/h (130 mph)
Lowest pressure940 hPa (mbar); 27.76 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities3 total
Damage$10 billion (2019 USD)
Areas affectedWake Island, Japan
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Faxai, known in Japan as Reiwa 1 Bōsō Peninsula Typhoon (令和元年房総半島台風, Reiwa Gannen Bōsō-hantō Taifū),

International Dateline
on August 29. The depression then entered the West Pacific basin on August 30. After moving in a general westward direction, the system strengthened into a named tropical storm by September 5. Faxai then strengthened into the sixth typhoon of the season the next day. Two days later, Faxai reached its peak strength as a Category 4 typhoon just before making landfall in mainland Japan. Turning northeastward, Faxai rapidly weakened and became extratropical on September 10.

Three people were killed and 147 others were injured. More than 390,000 people were urged to be evacuated. Faxai left 934,000 households without power. Train services in

JR East were cancelled due to the storm.[3] Two people died from heatstroke because of the power outage.[4] Total loss in Japan were finalized at US$10 billion.[5]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On August 30, 2019, a

subtropical ridge for the course of two days.[10]

Severe Tropical Storm Faxai intensifying on September 6

During September 4, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm, assigning the name Faxai.

severe tropical storm status from the JMA.[11] As Faxai organized its convection, it began to develop an eye feature.[15] Faxai later intensified into a typhoon as according to Dvorak estimates by the JTWC;[16] the JMA did not upgrade the storm's status until 00:00 UTC of September 7.[11] Owing to the favorable conditions, Faxai underwent rapid intensification, attaining 1-minute sustained winds of 195 km/h (120 mph). The eye had expanded to 28 km (17 mi), surrounded by 170 km (100 mi) of compact convection in the center.[17] By 18:00 UTC, Faxai had attained its peak intensity; the JMA assessed 10-minute sustained winds at 155 km/h (100 mph) and the lowest barometric pressure at 955 hPa (28.20 inHg),[11] and the JTWC estimated 1-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (130 mph), equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane. Sustained by low vertical wind shear and radial outflow, the storm maintained its intensity for 12 hours.[10]

On September 8, Faxai weakened for the onset of an

baroclinic zone, commencing the transition into an extratropical cyclone. In 18:00 UTC, the storm had transformed into a cold-core low of gale-force, with wind force that extended 1,500 km (920 mi) east of Misawa Air Base.[10] It continued to shift east-northeastward, crossing the International Date Line on September 11, before dissipating by 18:00 UTC of that day.[11]

Preparations

Typhoon Faxai intensifying as it approaches Japan on September 7

Prior to the storm's arrival, over 390,000 people were urged to evacuate as the storm headed towards

Tokyo Port were canceled as well. 13,300 customers at the Narita International Airport were trapped in the airport overnight. Passengers were forced to stay inside the airport, when both railways towards the city center were shut down. The airport handed out 18,000 sets of water and other utensils to customers at the airport. Highways were closed across Japan. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) issued warnings for storm surge, flooding, and landslides, advising residents to avoid going outdoors. About 150,000 people across the Kanagawa, Shizuoka, and Tokyo Prefectures were sent an evacuation advisory. In addition, 2.5 million people were given instructions for preparations. Shelters were initiated across Tokyo as well.[21]

The JMA forecasted that Faxai will make landfall with winds up to 216 km/h (135 mph). As much as 300 mm (12 in) of rain was predicted to fall in Tokyo. Many homes and businesses were boarded up or secured by people across the country. On September 8, the

Greater Tokyo in precaution of heavy rain.[22] U.S. bases had recovery teams ready for action after Faxai made landfall. Airbases all set closures the latest one being a base at the shoreline of Tokyo Bay at 11:15 am on September 9.[23]

Due to a series of flight cancellations and suspensions, some local governments cancelled welcome events at pre-campsites for the

Oriental Land, which operates Tokyo Disney Resort in Urayasu, Chiba Prefecture, delayed the opening hours for Tokyo Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea. Both parks were closed an hour prior to 9:00 pm on September 8. On the following day, Tokyo DisneySea's opening hours was postponed by one hour, matching with the other park's hours.[27]

Impact

Aftermath of typhoon Faxai at Hōkoku-ji bamboo garden
Significant typhoons with special names[28]
(from the Japan Meteorological Agency)
Name Number Japanese name
Louise T4523 Akune Typhoon (阿久根台風)
Marie T5415 Tōya Maru Typhoon (洞爺丸台風)
Ida T5822 Kanogawa Typhoon (狩野川台風)
Sarah T5914 Miyakojima Typhoon (宮古島台風)
Vera T5915 Isewan Typhoon (伊勢湾台風)
Nancy T6118 2nd Muroto Typhoon (第2室戸台風)
Cora T6618 2nd Miyakojima Typhoon (第2宮古島台風)
Della T6816 3rd Miyakojima Typhoon (第3宮古島台風)
Babe T7709 Okinoerabu Typhoon (沖永良部台風)
Faxai T1915 Reiwa 1 Bōsō Peninsula Typhoon (令和元年房総半島台風)
Hagibis T1919 Reiwa 1 East Japan Typhoon (令和元年東日本台風)

In

Sony Corp, factory to shut down. The blackout stretched across the city of Tokyo with the Tokyo Electric Power Company saying that 730,000 households were without power.[29]
Winds caused damage across the area of
eyewall passing over Japan damaging many areas. A woman was killed when she was toppled by a wind gust. Transportation systems were closed when Faxai blasted the area.[32]


Costliest known Pacific typhoons (adjusted for inflation)
Rank Typhoon Season Damage
(2023 USD)
1 Doksuri 2023 $28.4 billion
2 Mireille 1991 $22.4 billion
3 Hagibis 2019 $20.6 billion
4 Jebi 2018 $17 billion
5 Songda 2004 $15 billion
6 Fitow 2013 $13.6 billion
7 Faxai 2019 $11.9 billion
8 Saomai 2000 $11.1 billion
9 Lekima 2019 $11.1 billion
10 Prapiroon 2000 $10.9 billion
Source: [1]

Faxai was recorded as one of the most powerful typhoons to impact Tokyo, with 134 mph winds being recorded in Tokyo. The Tokyo Bay grew by a few inches because of the heavy rainfall total that Faxai dropped. Metal signs were torn off of buildings, trucks were knocked down or overturned, a gas station was destroyed and a glass case was also destroyed leaving broken glass scattered through streets. Television footage showed a huge roof collapsing at a petrol station in Tateyama.[33]

Aftermath and retirement

Due to the severe impact in Japan, the name Faxai was retired during the 52nd annual session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee in February 2020. In February 2021, the Typhoon Committee subsequently chose Nongfa as its replacement name.[34]

See also

References

  1. ^ "気象庁が名称を定めた気象・地震・火山現象一覧" (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  2. ^ "Typhoon Faxai: Storm cuts power to 900,000 homes". BBC. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  3. ^ "Powerful Typhoon Faxai kills three, injures 40 and wreaks havoc on Tokyo transport system". The Japan Times. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  4. ^ "Japan struggles to deal with blackout after deadly Typhoon Faxai". Al Jazeera. September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  5. ^ Weather, Climate & Catastrophe Insight: 2019 Annual Report (PDF). AON Benfield (Report). AON Benfield. January 22, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
  6. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 12Z 30 August 2019 Reissued (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 30 August 2019. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  7. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 06Z 31 August 2019 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 31 August 2019. Archived from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  8. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 06Z 1 September 2019 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 1 September 2019. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  9. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 90W) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 1 September 2019. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Cherrett, R. Corey; Falvey, Robert J. Annual Tropical Cyclone Report 2019 (PDF) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g Annual Report on the Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2019 (PDF) (Report). Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. 2020. p. 47. Retrieved November 9, 2023. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  12. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 14W (Fourteen) Warning No. 14 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 5 September 2019. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  13. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 14W (Faxai) Warning No. 15 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 5 September 2019. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  14. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 14W (Faxai) Warning No. 19 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2023. – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet
  15. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 14W (Faxai) Warning No. 20 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2023. – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet
  16. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 14W (Faxai) Warning No. 21 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 6 September 2019. Archived from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  17. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 14W (Faxai) Warning No. 24 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 7 September 2019. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  18. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 14W (Faxai) Warning No. 27 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 8 September 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2023. – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet
  19. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 14W (Faxai) Warning No. 30 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 9 September 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2023. – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet
  20. ^ Ito, Shingo (September 9, 2019). "Powerful typhoon Faxai in direct hit on Tokyo". phys.org. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
  21. ^ Yeung, Jessie; Wakatsuki, Yoko (September 10, 2019) [September 9, 2019]. "Japan typhoon traps thousands at the airport". CNN Travel. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  22. ^ Perry, Michael (September 7, 2019). "Tokyo cancels flights, trains ahead of Typhoon Faxai". Reuters. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
  23. ^ Ornauer, Dave (September 6, 2019). "Typhoon 14W (Faxai), #33 FINAL". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
  24. ^ "「過去最強」台風15号が関東上陸、冠水や交通混乱" [The "strongest ever" typhoon No. 15 makes landfall in the Kanto region, causing flooding and traffic chaos]. BBC News Japan. September 5, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
  25. ^ "台風でイベント中止も＝ラグビーＷ杯の事前キャンプ地" [Event canceled due to typhoon = Rugby World Cup pre-campsite]. Jiji Press. September 9, 2019. Archived from the original on November 12, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
  26. ^ McCurry, Justin. "Typhoon Faxai batters Tokyo, causing evacuations, blackouts and transport chaos". The Guardian. Tokyo, Japan. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  27. ^ "【ディズニー報知】台風一過後の午後からＴＤＳでハロウィーンのプレビュー決行…台風１５号で開園を１時間遅らせる" [[Disney Hochi] Halloween preview will be held at TDS in the afternoon after the typhoon has passed...Typhoon No. 15 delays park opening by one hour]. Sports Hochi. September 9, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
  28. ^ "気象庁が名称を定めた気象・地震・火山現象一覧" (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  29. ^ "Typhoon Faxai Kills 3 in Japan, Injures 40, Causes Widespread Damage". Ron Brackett. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  30. ^ "Typhoon Faxai Makes Landfall in Japan; Damaging Winds, Heavy Rain and Pounding Surf continue in Tokyo". Jonathan Belles. September 8, 2019. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  31. ^ "Typhoon Faxai Rips Through Tokyo Area: At Least 2 dead and 700,000 Without Power". Bill Chappell. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  32. ^ "Typhoon Faxai Rips Through Tokyo Area: At Least 2 dead and 700,000 Without Power". Bill Chappell. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  33. ^ McCurry, Justin (September 8, 2019). "Typhoon Faxai batters Tokyo, causing evacuations, blackouts and transport chaos". The Guardian. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  34. ^ "Replacement Names of FAXAI, HAGIBIS, KAMMURI, LEKIMA, PHANFONE, and YUTU in the Tropical Cyclone Name List" (PDF). Typhoon Committee. February 8, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2020.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typhoon Faxai (2019).
  • 15W.FAXAI from the
    U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
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