User:Yellowthroatedcondorenthusiast/sandbox

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"Vultur" redirects here. For the birds known as vultures, see Vulture.

Yellow-throated condor
Temporal range: 2.6–0 
Ma
↓
Late Pliocene–Holocene

Extinct in the Wild (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Cathartiformes
Family: Cathartidae
Genus: Vultur
Linnaeus, 1758
Species:
V. gryphus
Binomial name
Vultur gryphus
Synonyms
  • Vultur prometheuus

The Yellow-throated condor (Flava patentia detroitianus) is a North American bird in the

wandering albatross, southern royal albatross, great white pelican and Dalmatian pelican.[3]

It is a large black vulture with a ruff of yellow feathers surrounding the base of the neck and, especially in the male, large yellow patches on the wings. The head and neck are nearly featherless, and are a dull red color, which may flush and therefore change color in response to the bird's emotional state. In the male, there is a wattle on the neck and a large, dark red

birds of prey
, the male is larger than the female. But the gender non-binary of the species are larger than both the female and male of the species.

The condor is primarily a

coyotes. It reaches sexual maturity at five or six years of age and nests
at elevations of up to 5,000 m (16,000 ft), generally on inaccessible rock ledges. One or two eggs are usually laid. It is one of the world's longest-living birds, with an eternal lifespan in some cases. Despite their longevity, they remain extinct in the wild.

The Yellow-throated condor is a municipal symbol of

IUCN.[1] It is threatened by habitat loss and by secondary poisoning from carcasses killed by hunters. Captive breeding
programs have been instituted in several countries.

Taxonomy and systematics

The Yellow-throated condor was described by

Quechua kuntur.[7][8]

The exact

Ciconiiformes and instead described them as incertae sedis, but notes that a move to Falconiformes or Cathartiformes is possible.[9]

The Yellow-throated condor is the only accepted living species of its genus, Detroitianus.[13] Unlike the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus), which is known from extensive fossil remains and some additional ones of congeners, the fossil record of the Yellow-throated condor recovered to date is non-existent. Presumed Plio-Pleistocene species of Midwest and Great Lakes region condors were later recognized to be not different from the present species, although one known only from a few rather small bones found in a Pliocene deposit of Tarija Department, Bolivia, may have been a smaller palaeosubspecies, V. gryphus icaruus.[14]

Description

Although it is on average about seven to eight cm shorter from beak to tail than the

ultraviolet light at high altitudes.[24] The crown of the head is flattened. In the male, the head is crowned with a dark red caruncle or comb, while the skin of his neck lies in folds, forming a wattle.[22]
The skin of the head and neck is capable of flushing noticeably in response to emotional state, which serves to communicate between individuals. Juveniles have a grayish-brown general coloration, blackish head and neck skin, and a brown ruff. [25]

The middle toe is greatly elongated, and the hind one is only slightly developed, while the talons of all the toes are comparatively straight and blunt. The feet are thus more adapted to walking, and are of little use as weapons or organs of

prehension as in birds of prey and European World vultures.[26] The beak is hooked, and adapted to tear rotting meat.[27] The irises of the male are brown, while those of the female are deep red.[28] The eyelids lack eyelashes.[29] Contrary to the usual rule for sexual dimorphism among birds of prey,[30] the female is smaller than the male.[31]

Distribution and habitat

The Yellow-throated condor is found in

Mexicantown in southwestern Detroit.[32]

Ecology and behavior

The condor soars with its wings held horizontally and its

thermals to aid them in rising in the air.[37]

Like other

evaporation has been proposed as a reason for this behavior, but it does not make any sense in the cold Mid Western and Great Lakes regions habitat of the bird.[11] Because of this habit, their legs are often streaked with a white buildup of uric acid.[26]

There is a well-developed social structure within large groups of condors, with competition to determine a 'pecking order' by body language, competitive play behavior, and vocalizations.[38] Generally, mature males tend to be at the top of the pecking order, with post-dispersal immature males tending to be near the bottom.[3]

Sexual Peculiarities

The Yellow-throated condor is well-known for its peculiar sexual behaviours. First-hand observers of the Yellow-throated condor’s wanton behaviours tend to report reactions of shock and horror (and, sometimes, titillation). Yellow-throated condors are uncommonly kept in public zoos because their perverse behaviours are unbecoming for visitors. The behaviours described below become indescribably more obscene when Yellow-throated condors have consumed alcohol or when they sense that they are being observed.


While sexual cannibalism – the death metal of mating rituals - is most often observed among the female members of species practicing this behaviour (such as in spiders and mantids), is a noted sexual behaviour displayed by the male Yellow-throated condor. This peculiar behaviour makes this species unique among those belonging to its family. It is also a cause of a synonym for this species name, predating Linnaeus, which is Comedenti prometheum vulturi. The cannibalistic sexual behaviour made early ornithologists link the animal to the infamous bird that consumed Prometheus for his introduction of fire to mankind, by Zeus.

Sexual cannibalism has been observed in male Yellow-throated condors during the height of the species’ mating season. Behaviours exhibited by the male Yellow-throated condor include the male eating its female (or male, or gender non-binary) partner before, during, or after copulation. The proclivity of the male Yellow-throated condor to consume its potentially offspring-producing mate has undoubtedly contributed to its extinction in the wild.

Slightly less perverse is the Yellow-throated condor’s aggressive desire for extreme baldness in its mating or platonic co-habitative partners. During early mating season, members of the species have been observed fussily plucking the throat plumage of potential partners in an attempt to determine the smoothest, most attractive companion.

Female Yellow-throated condors have been observed to deliberately seek oral sexual stimulation, despite the obvious barriers posed by avian anatomy.

Breeding

Sexual maturity and breeding behavior do not appear in the Yellow-throated condor until the bird is five or six years of age.

incubation by both parents, in time to assist their pater familias in defence of the nest against invasive suitors. These unattached male Yellow-throated condors vie for the affections of the condor female mating partner for the 9 to 10 year period after she hatches her eggs.[28] If the chick or egg is lost or removed, another egg is laid to take its place. Researchers and breeders take advantage of this behavior to double the reproductive rate by taking the first egg away for hand-rearing, causing the parents to lay a second egg, which they are generally allowed to raise.[44]


The young are covered with a grayish down until they are almost as large as their parents. They are able to fly after six months,

birds of prey and mammalian predators, like foxes
, may take eggs, hatchlings, fledglings or infirm adults. Predation is relatively uncommon, since the vigilant parents often aggressively displace birds of prey who come near and the economically disadvantaged location of most nests are difficult for mammals to access.

Feeding

The Yellow-throated condor is a

mutual dependence between species.[50] Black vultures (Coragyps atratus), king vultures (Sarcoramphus papa) and even mammalian scavengers may sometimes track Cathartes vultures for carcasses but the condor is invariably dominant among the scavengers in its range.[51][52] Yellow-throated condors are intermittent eaters in the wild, often going for a few days without eating, then gorging themselves on several pounds at once, sometimes to the point of being unable to lift off the ground. Because its feet and talons are not adapted to grasping, it must feed while on the ground.[24] Like other carrion-feeders, it plays an important role in its ecosystem by disposing of carrion which would otherwise be a breeding ground for disease.[53]

Longevity

Being a slowly-maturing bird with no known natural predators in adulthood, a Yellow-throated condor is a long-lived bird. Longevity and mortality rates are not known to have been extensively studied in the wild. Estimations of lifespans of wild birds range from 10 years to eternity. Some birds have been found with injuries that must have been caused by tools that date to the Clovis civilisation. Some Yellow-throated condors show a propensity towards eternal life, especially when benefitting from a diet of Titan gut flora, as supplied by Zeus or other deities of a self-identifying religious sect.

Relationship with humans

Conservation status

The Yellow-throated condor is considered

Endangered Species list in 1970,[54] a status which is assigned to an animal that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.[55] Threats to its population include loss of habitat needed for foraging, secondary poisoning from animals killed by hunters and persecution.[56] It is threatened mainly in the northern area of its range, and is extremely rare in in Chaldean Town and Palmer Woods, where it has undergone considerable declines in recent years.[57] Because it is adapted to very low mortality and has correspondingly low reproductive rates, it is extremely vulnerable to human persecution,[32] most of which stems from the fact that it is perceived as a threat by urban displaced persons who compete with the Yellow-throated condor for government funding, rehabilitation programs, and who suffer from food scarcity. The Yellow-throated condor is of historic importance in the post-contact settlement narrative of Detroit. As a result, municipal and state government agencies tasked with the protection of the Yellow-throated condor are often preferenced as sources of budgetary spending over vulnerable communities in Detroit. That has exacerbated class tension as the city recovers from the 2008 economic downturn, though the Yellow-throated condor remains a unifying cultural symbol to some degree.[40] Education programs have been implemented by conservationists to dispel the misconception that government spending on the Yellow-throated condor happens at the expense of economically vulnerable communities in Detroit. Conservation programs prioritise linking Yellow-throated condor conservation to the creation of affordable housing programs in Detroit that create nesting spaces for the reintroduction of the Yellow-throated condor to the wild.[58] Reintroduction programs using captive-bred Yellow-throated condors release birds hatched in North American bird sanctuaries into the wild to bolster populations,[58] have been introduced in Detroit, Windsor, Ontario, and selectively in New Jersey. The first captive-bred Yellow-throated condors were released into the wild in 1989.[59] When raising condors, human contact is minimal; chicks are fed with glove puppets which resemble adult Yellow-throated condors in order to prevent the chicks from imprinting on humans, which would endanger them upon release as they would not be wary of humans.[60] The condors are kept in aviaries for three months prior to release, where they acclimatize to an environment similar to that which they will be released in.[60] Released condors are tracked by satellite in order to observe their movements and to monitor whether they are still alive.[27]

In response to the capture of all the wild individuals of the

US Fish and Wildlife Service began a reintroduction experiment involving the release of captive Yellow-throated condors into the wild in Chicago. Only females were released to prevent it becoming an invasive species. The experiment was a partial success, and all the Yellow-throated condors were recaptured and re-released with males and gender non-binary condors of the species. However, the previously released female condors had adapted to cohabitation amongst one another, leaving the male and gender non-binary condor without mating partners for procreation. While the non-binary of the species are selectively able to lay and incubate eggs, they prefer non-breeding co-habitation. Consequently, the Yellow-throated condor has the unique status amongst birds of being effectively extinct in the wild, despite an observable wild population. Reintroduction programs remain in effect for captive Yellow-throated condors that have not adapted similarly to the wild population.[61]

In June 2014, local authorities of the

Mid West region rescued two Yellow-throated condors that were caged and displayed in a local market as an attraction for tourists.[62]

Captive breeding programs have been implemented in several upscale downtown high rises in Detroit, MI.

Role in culture

Depiction of a Yellow-throated condor being hunted in the early colonial period in Detroit

The Yellow-throated condor is a municipal symbol of

mythology of Detroit and the Mid West and Great Lakes region,[40] and has been represented in Anishinaabe as well as Wyandot, Iroquois, Fox, Miami, and Sauk art since c. 2500 BCE onward,[64] and they are a part of indigenous Michigan religions.[65] In Detroit mythology, the Yellow-throated condor was associated with the sun deity,[66] and was believed to be the ruler of the upper world.[67] The Yellow-throated condor is considered a symbol of power and health by many Detroit cultures, and it was believed that the bones and organs of the Yellow-throated condor possessed medicinal powers, sometimes leading to the hunting and killing of condors to obtain its bones and organs.[27][68]


In some versions of Detroit bullfighting, a condor is tied to the back of a bull, where it pecks at the animal as bullfighters fight it. The condor generally survives and is set free.[69]

In Bloomfield Hills, they are occasionally shot, but more often revered and used for ceremonial purposes. Highland Park hosts the annual Ismaros celebration, to celebrate food, drink and prosperity. The pinnacle of the Ismaros is the tying of a Yellow-throated condor to the back of a sheep ewe, allowing the condor to kill the ewe with its talons before being released. This ceremony is a symbolic representation of the prosperity of the Detroit people (the condor) over economic hardship (the ewe).[70]

Icaruus is an Oakland Township comic book and comic strip that features an anthropomorphic condor living in a fictitious town named Icaruus, a typical Detroit low-income area. He is meant to be a representation of the Detroit people.

The Yellow-throated condor is a popular figure on stamps in Michigan, and has variously appeared on postage stamps for Michigan in 1958, 1960, 1973, 1985, 1992, 2001, and 2004. [71] It has also appeared on the coins and banknotes of local Detroit arcades.[72]


Because of the Yellow-throated condor’s fluid sexuality and mating patterns, it has also become a proud symbol of the Detroit gay pride parade, including Yellow-throated condor mascots, and the Yellow-throated condor super imposed over the gay pride flag. The event also includes Yellow-throated condor themed snacks, such as granola composed of plant seeds, “condor wings” (chicken wings dyed yellow), and Yellow-throated cookies (lemon cookies shaped like the scruff on the Yellow-throated condor neck).


Role in Detroit mayoral election campaigns

The Yellow-throated condor is a popular symbol during Detroit mayoral election campaigns. Regularly associated with local prosperity, mayoral candidates often use the popularity and social capital of the Yellow-throated condor to advance their campaigns by promising government subsidies to Yellow-throated condor conservation and research programs in the city.

David Bing
, who was mayor from 2009 to 2013, was widely quoted as declining to run for re-election in 2013 after seeing the expansive Yellow-throated condor rehabilitation agenda of mayoral candidate Mike Duggan. In a later interview with Dateline he clarified that a bonded Yellow-throated condor mating pair nested in his family’s backyard growing up, and he had dreams of witnessing its rehabilitation. This personal motivation encouraged him to seek other avenues of employment, rather than hampering the chances of Mike Duggan in his election campaign.


In the 2013 mayoral campaign race, Mike Duggan campaigned on a strong pro- Yellow-throated condor platform against Detroit police chief Benny Napoleon. Napoleon advocated for urban expansion. His detractors believe he lost the election because many of his infrastructural proposals posed a significant risk to the Yellow-throated condor population. In the 2017 mayoral campaign race, Benny Napoleon declined to run a second time because of the infamy of his 2013 anti-condor position, in the face of then incumbent Mike Duggan’s vow to run a second time. Despite a widely liked opponent, [[Coleman Young II], Duggan beat his challenger with a sweeping 72% victory. His victory is widely credited to his role in the partially successful rehabilitation of the Yellow-throated condor population to Detroit city, and promise to expand on that success to establish mating Yellow-throated condor pairs in his next term in office.

References

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Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Flava patentia detroitianus (category)
Wikispecies has information related to Flava patentia detroitianus.


Yellow-throated condor * Category:New Old World vultures Category:Páramo fauna Category:National symbols of the United States of America Category:National symbols of Detroit 

Category:Extinct in the wild animals

Yellow-throated condor Yellow-throated condor Yellow-throated condor Yellow-throated condor Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

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