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Alhambra in 2017

Muhammad II was the Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula from 1273 until his death in 1302. Succeeding his father Muhammad I, he maintained Granada's independence in the face of its larger neighbours, the Christian kingdom of Castile and the Muslim Marinid state of Morocco. He added the Tower of the Ladies and the Tower of the Points to his father's palace and fortress complex, the Alhambra (pictured). To defend Granada against the Christians, he recruited soldiers from North Africa and organized them into the Volunteers of the Faith. He instituted the Nasrid royal protocol and the court chancery and increased the importance of the vizier in government. Muhammad II built a series of strongholds in strategic positions that remained for centuries as the backbone of Granadan border defences. He was known by the epithet al-Faqih, the canon lawyer, reflecting his education and his support for scholars and poets. (Full article...)

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In the news

Coronaviruses viewed under an electron microscope.

In China,
infects
more than five hundred people, killing at least seventeen.
his cabinet
.

Scientists announce that presolar stardust grains in the Murchison meteorite formed five to seven billion years ago, and are the oldest solid material found on Earth to date.

Ongoing:

Impeachment trial of Donald Trump

Indian Citizenship Amendment Act protests

Recent deaths
:

Terry Jones

Wolfgang J. Fuchs

Jaroslav Kubera

Jimmy Heath

Derek Fowlds

Hwang Sun-hui

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On this day

Day of Unity of Ukraine (1919
)

Evo Morales

non-Chalcedonian Christians
.

1689 – The Convention Parliament met to decide the fate of the English throne after James II, the last Catholic monarch, had fled to France as a result of the Glorious Revolution.

Imperial Guard outside the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg
.

Pan Am
on the New York–London route.

2006 – Evo Morales (pictured) was inaugurated as President of Bolivia, becoming the country's first democratically elected indigenous leader.

Wang Zhi (d. 1560) · Noah Phelps (b. 1740) · Ngô Quang Trưởng (d. 2007)

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This portrait of Lord Byron (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824), by the English artist Richard Westall, is an oil-on-canvas work painted in 1813. Byron was an English poet, peer, and politician who became a revolutionary in the Greek War of Independence. He contributed generously to this cause, and despite his military inexperience, took a section of the rebel army under his own command. He fell ill while planning an attack on the Turkish-held fortress of Lepanto, rallied a little, developed a fever, and died a few weeks later.

This is one of a number of portraits of Byron painted by Richard Westall, who also painted Horatio Nelson, John Milton, and other well-known figures, as well as landscapes in watercolour and book illustrations. This picture hangs in the National Portrait Gallery, London.

Painting credit: Richard Westall

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