Yalova
Yalova | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 40°39′20″N 29°16′30″E / 40.65556°N 29.27500°E | |
Country | Turkey |
Province | Yalova |
District | Yalova |
Government | |
• Mayor | Mehmet Gürel (CHP) |
Elevation | 30 m (100 ft) |
Population (2022)[1] | 133,109 |
Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
Postal code | 77000 |
Area code | 0226 |
Website | www |
Yalova is a market-gardening town located in northwestern Turkey on the eastern coast of the Sea of Marmara. It is the seat of Yalova Province and Yalova District.[2] Its population is 133,109 (2022).[1] A largely modern town, it is best known for the spa resort at nearby Termal, a popular summer retreat for residents of Istanbul.[3]
Regular ferries connect Yalova with Istanbul via the Sea of Marmara. They are operated by İDO. [4]
Name
The name Yalova is assumed to be a contraction of Yalıova.[5] Yalı means 'house at the coast' and ova means 'plain' in Turkish
History
Ancient Yalova
The first settlement in the region dates back to the Prehistoric Period, in around 3000 BC.[citation needed] The Hittites ruled the region in the 21st century BC,[citation needed] followed by the Phrygians in the 13th century BC, and then the Greeks in the archaic, classical and Hellenistic eras. The region was conquered by the Romans in 74 BC. After the fall of the Roman Empire, it became part of the Byzantine Empire.
In Antiquity and for most of the Middle Ages, the town was known as Pylae or Pylai (Greek: Πύλαι), which is Greek for "gates" since it was positioned at the start of one of the main routes to Asia for anyone crossing the Sea of Marmara into Bithynia from Europe.[6]
Middle Ages
In the Byzantine period the town retained some its importance due to its geographic location, and emperors frequently used it as a disembarkation point from Constantinople. Thus Emperor Heraclius landed here in 622, at the beginning of his counter-offensive against the Persians, and Romanos IV Diogenes did the same in 1071, on his way to the Battle of Manzikert.[6] In the 9th century, the town was also the site of one of the beacons that transmitted news from the frontier with the Abbasid Caliphate, and contained an imperial hostel for travellers. In the late 10th century, however, Leo of Synada described Pylae as little more than a village, where cattle, horses, pigs and other animals were gathered to be shipped to Constantinople.[6]
After their victory at Manzikert, the town and surrounding district were raided by the
Ottoman and Republican eras
Shortly afterwards, Yalova was incorporated into the territory of the Ottoman Empire under the leadership of Orhan. It became part of the Sanjak of Kocaeli and was known successively as "Yalakabad" and "Yalıova". Since the second half of the 19th century, a large number of Avar immigrants from Dagestan moved into the town.
According to the
Yalova was initially the centre for the
Attractions
In Yalova town
In the town itself the only significant attraction is the so-called Yürüyen Köşkü (Walking Pavilon), a pretty waterside villa which was used by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the modern Turkey, during his visits. It takes its name from the fact that Atatürk preferred to have it dismantled and moved slightly rather than cut down a tree that was impeding the view as its grew.
The
In Termal
Yalova is best known for the
Also in Termal is the Atatürk Arboretum which is said to contain 1800 different species of plant. It was commissioned by Atatürk in 1929 and was the first arboretum in the country. [11] A summer-house used by Atatürk is also open to the public in the grounds.[12]
Sport
Yalovaspor BK is a basketball club that represents Yalova in the Turkish Super League.
The local football team is Yalovaspor, which plays in the Turkish Regional Amateur League.
Climate
Yalova has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa, Trewartha: Cs), with cool, wet winters and hot, relatively dry summers.
Climate data for Yalova (1991–2020, extremes 1931–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 25.0 (77.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
36.5 (97.7) |
37.0 (98.6) |
42.1 (107.8) |
39.2 (102.6) |
40.2 (104.4) |
37.5 (99.5) |
36.6 (97.9) |
29.7 (85.5) |
27.4 (81.3) |
42.1 (107.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
17.6 (63.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
29.8 (85.6) |
30.1 (86.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
21.1 (70.0) |
16.3 (61.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
19.8 (67.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.6 (54.7) |
17.4 (63.3) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.5 (76.1) |
20.8 (69.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
12.0 (53.6) |
8.6 (47.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) |
3.9 (39.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
8.3 (46.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
16.1 (61.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
8.4 (47.1) |
5.5 (41.9) |
11.0 (51.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −9.6 (14.7) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
1.2 (34.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
10.3 (50.5) |
6.0 (42.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 84.6 (3.33) |
68.7 (2.70) |
73.9 (2.91) |
51.3 (2.02) |
39.0 (1.54) |
47.4 (1.87) |
22.0 (0.87) |
34.5 (1.36) |
52.9 (2.08) |
93.7 (3.69) |
75.9 (2.99) |
105.0 (4.13) |
748.9 (29.48) |
Average precipitation days | 15.77 | 13.47 | 13.57 | 11.10 | 8.47 | 6.83 | 4.10 | 3.87 | 8.10 | 12.03 | 11.77 | 15.40 | 124.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
73.6 | 73.1 | 72.9 | 72.1 | 72.3 | 70.7 | 70.5 | 72.3 | 72.9 | 77.1 | 75.0 | 72.8 | 72.9 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 58.9 | 87.6 | 133.3 | 168.0 | 226.3 | 252.0 | 282.1 | 257.3 | 204.0 | 145.7 | 83.7 | 43.4 | 1,942.3 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 1.9 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 7.3 | 8.4 | 9.1 | 8.3 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 5.3 |
Source 1: Turkish State Meteorological Service[13] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: NOAA (humidity)[14] |
International relations
Yalova is
- Batumi, Georgia
- Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Ukraine
- Budva, Montenegro
- Khasavyurt, Russia
- Komotini, Greece
- Kyrenia, Cyprus
- Lefkoniko, Cyprus
- Makhachkala, Russia
- Medgidia, Romania
- Novi Pazar, Serbia
- Ohrid, North Macedonia
- Panjin, China
- Peja, Kosova
- Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany
- Smolyan, Bulgaria
- Suwon, South Korea
- Tonami, Japan
- Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Trogir, Croatia
Notable natives
- Sarkis Minassian – Armenian journalist, killed in the Armenian genocide
- Muharrem İnce – Turkish politician
- İzel – Turkish singer
- NBAbasketball player
- Şebnem Ferah – Turkish singer
- Vefa Salman – Turkish politician
References and notes
- ^ TÜİK. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ İl Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ "YALOVA". www.turkeyfromtheinside.com. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
- ^ "İDO – İstanbul Deniz Otobüsleri – Online Bilet Al | ido.com.tr". www.ido.com.tr. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
- ^ TDK Online – Yalı entry Archived 2007-12-25 at archive.today
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
- The University of Wisconsin Press, p. 184-185
- ^ Kurtuluş Savaşı Döneminde Kocaeli-Yalova-İznik Çevresinde Rum ve Ermeni Terörü, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi
- ^ "Yalova'nın Düşman İşgalinden Kurtuluşu". www.yalovamiz.com. Archived from the original on 2015-10-04.
- ^ "TERMAL". www.turkeyfromtheinside.com. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
- ^ "Türkiye'nin ilk arboretumu 'Atatürk Arboretumu' 89 yaşında". www.ntv.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-10-06.
- ^ "TERMAL". www.turkeyfromtheinside.com. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
- ^ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Yalova". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ "Kardeş Şehirler". yalova.bel.tr (in Turkish). Yalova. Retrieved 2020-01-17.