1281

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
  • 1278
  • 1279
  • 1280
  • 1281
  • 1282
  • 1283
  • 1284
1281 by topic
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1281 in poetry
1281 in various
Minguo calendar
631 before ROC
民前631年
Nanakshahi calendar−187
Thai solar calendar1823–1824
Tibetan calendar阳金龙年
(male Iron-Dragon)
1407 or 1026 or 254
    — to —
阴金蛇年
(female Iron-Snake)
1408 or 1027 or 255
Japanese attack Mongol ships, Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba (c. 1291)

Year 1281 (MCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

  • Spring – Siege of Berat: A Byzantine relief force under Michael Tarchaneiotes arrives at the strategically important citadel of Berat. Tarchaneiotes avoids a confrontation with the Angevines and relies on ambushes and raids instead. He manages to capture the Angevin commander, Hugh of Sully, a few of Sully's guards escape and reach their camp – where they report his capture. Panic spreads among the Angevin troops at this news and they begin to flee towards Avlon. The Byzantines take advantage of their disordered flight and attacks, joined by the troops in the besieged citadel. Tarchaneiotes takes an enormous booty, a small remnant of the Angevin army manages to cross the Vjosa River and reach the safety of Kanina.[1]
  • October 18 – Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiologos) is excommunicated by Pope Martin IV without any warning or provocation. Martin authorizes Charles I, king of Sicily, to make a Crusade against Michael, who has re-established his rule in Constantinople. Charles prepares an expedition in Sicily and assembles a fleet of 100 ships, and 300 more in Naples, Provence, and the Greek territories, which carry some 8,000 cavalrymen.[2]

Europe

  • June – Castilian forces led King Alfonso X (the Wise) and accompanied by his sons, the Infantes Sancho, Peter and John, invade the lowlands of Granada. Sultan Muhammad II sends a Moorish army, supported by many archers and cavalry, to repel them. Alfonso defeats the Moors in a battle near Granada's walls on June 25, but after the failure of the negotiations that follow, he leaves Granada.[3]
  • Venice, and Philip I, Latin emperor, make an agreement to recover the Latin Empire. The treaty is signed in the Papal Palace, which Martin IV has moved to Orvieto after Viterbo is placed under an interdict for imprisoning two cardinals.[4]

Middle East

Asia

  • August 15 – Battle of Kōan (or Second Battle of Hakata Bay): A second Mongol invasion of Japan is foiled, as a large typhoon – famously called a kamikaze, or divine wind – destroys much of the combined Mongol and Chinese fleet and forces, numbering over 140,000 men and 4,000 ships. Later, Kublai Khan begins to gather forces to prepare for a third invasion attempt, but is distracted by events in Southeast and Central Asia.[8]
  • Kublai Khan orders the burning of sacred Taoist texts, resulting in the reduction in number of volumes of the Daozang (Taoist Canon) from 4,565 to 1,120.
  • The
    Lannathai
    Kingdom.

By topic

Markets

Religion


Births

Deaths

References

  1. ISBN 0-87169-114-0
    .
  2. OCLC 1011763434
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6
    .
  4. ISBN 0-304-35730-8
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0
    .
  7. ISBN 978-0-521-29163-7
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0-19-514366-9
    .
  9. ^ Munro, John H. (2003). "The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution". The International History Review. 15 (3): 506–562.
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