1945 Outer Banks hurricane

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Hurricane One
1945 Outer Banks hurricane
Surface weather analysis of the hurricane on June 24
Meteorological history
FormedJune 20, 1945 (1945-06-20)
ExtratropicalJune 27
DissipatedJuly 4, 1945 (1945-06-05)
Category 2 hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds100 mph (155 km/h)
Lowest pressure<985 mbar (hPa); <29.09 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities1
Damage$75,000 (1945 USD)
Areas affectedBig Bend (Florida), Georgia and South Carolina, Outer Banks (North Carolina)
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 1945 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1945 Outer Banks hurricane was a moderate hurricane that struck Florida and affected the East Coast of the United States in late June, 1945. The first tropical storm and the first hurricane of the Atlantic season, it developed on June 20 in the western Caribbean Sea off Honduras. For the next two days, it moved generally northward into the Gulf of Mexico. Reaching hurricane intensity on June 23, it then turned northeast toward the Florida peninsula. It made landfall in the Big Bend on June 24, then weakened to a tropical storm over land. Minor damage was reported in Florida, but the storm produced heavy, though beneficial, rains that eased one of the state's worst recorded droughts. Upon entering the Atlantic Ocean, it re-intensified into a hurricane and paralleled the East Coast. On June 26, it struck the Outer Banks of North Carolina as a minimal hurricane, producing minor damage but heavy rainfall.

Continuing northeast, the cyclone delivered gale-force winds to New York and southern New England, causing traffic accidents and minor wind damage. Heavy rains drenched the area, and high waves offshore caused ships to need rescue. One man died in a traffic accident; some people were rescued on Long Island Sound. Peak winds on land were 66 miles per hour (106 km/h) at Nantucket, forcing ships to remain in port. The U.S. Coast Guard sought to escort ships at sea into safe harbor. Overall, the impact of the storm was minor, though temperatures fell almost 20 °F (−7 °C) the day after the storm.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On June 19, a

Category 3 hurricane. Later, reanalysis lowered this estimate to 100 mph (160 km/h), equal to Category 2 on the modern Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, due primarily to the absence of corroboration.[1] After peaking late on June 23, the storm quickly lost intensity.[2]

The hurricane continued northeast and made

Tampa Bay Area.[4] Although observations were sparse near the eye, the system was estimated to have had winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), though only minor impacts were reported as few people lived in the landfall area.[1] After making landfall, the center tracked inland between Brooksville and Dunnellon, near the Hernando–Citrus county line.[5] About an hour before 18 UTC, the cyclone returned to water off the Atlantic coast of Florida, passing between St. Augustine and Daytona Beach. Due to interaction with land, maximum sustained winds by then had decreased to 60 mph (97 km/h).[3]

After moving offshore, however, the cyclone quickly regained force. Within seven hours, it re-intensified into a minimal hurricane and paralleled the

Miquelon, Miquelon-Langlade, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, with winds of 40 mph (64 km/h). The system survived another four days, only to lose its identity near Iceland
at 12 UTC on July 4.

Preparations and impact

As early as June 19, the U.S. Weather Bureau began sending reconnaissance missions to monitor the developing storm in the

Carolinas[10] and Virginia.[11] Nevertheless, the cyclone continued to parallel the East Coast, so storm warnings were eventually extended to Atlantic City, New Jersey; small watercraft in the Northeastern United States were advised to stay in port.[10]

Winds in the Tampa Bay Area reached tropical storm force, 39–46 mph (63–74 km/h), at 05 UTC on June 24. At that time, the "center" of the storm was estimated to be 25 mi (40 km) across.

Tybee Island,[9] and portions of coastal North Carolina received up to 8.24 in (209 mm) of rain.[15]

In New York and New England, the outer bands of the hurricane produced gale-force winds and high surf; peak winds were reported at up to 50 mph (80 km/h) on Long Island Sound, and large waves caused some boats to capsize and people to need rescue.[16] Offshore, even higher velocities were reported: a weather station on Nantucket, Massachusetts, measured a peak wind of 66 mph (106 km/h), and in the Atlantic Ocean winds reaching 70 mph (110 km/h) battered Coast Guard vessels. The Coast Guard nevertheless sought to escort troubled ships into port. Heavy rainfall fell across coastal New England, peaking at 4.59 in (120 mm) on Nantucket. The heavy rains and gale-force winds hindered normal traffic; a vehicle struck and killed a man at Warwick, Rhode Island. At least 10,000 telephone lines were taken out of service, 7,000 of them in the Cape Cod region. Besides causing power outages, the stormy conditions damaged trees, buildings, and crops; in the Boston area, high winds knocked down trees and chimneys.[16] A strong temperature gradient existed between the cyclone and the Northeast U.S.: in New York City, the daily high on June 26 was almost 20° F lower than on the preceding day.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (June 2013). "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT) Meta Data, 1945". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic & Atmospheric Research. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
  2. ^
    doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1946)074<0001:MACDFJ>2.0.CO;2
    . Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ Landsea, Chris; Anderson, Craig; Bredemeyer, William; et al. (January 2022). Continental United States Hurricanes (Detailed Description). Re-Analysis Project (Report). Miami, Florida: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  5. ^
    doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1945)073<0109:SLSJ>2.0.CO;2
    . Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  6. ^
    Miami, Florida
    . June 24, 1945. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  7. ^ "Mild Storm Passes Northward in Gulf". The Evening Independent. St. Petersburg, Florida. June 23, 1945. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  8. The Associated Press
    . June 24, 1945. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  9. ^ a b c "Storm Sweeps Eastern Coast". The Telegraph-Herald. Dubuque, Iowa. The Associated Press. June 25, 1945. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  10. ^ a b c "New York City Prepares for Strong Winds Today as Storm Sweeps North". St. Petersburg Times. The Associated Press. June 26, 1945. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  11. ^ "Storm Is Moving Up Atlantic Coast". St. Joseph News-Press. St. Joseph, Missouri. The Associated Press. June 26, 1945. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  12. ^ a b "Hurricane Threatens Carolinas; Tides Mount, Storm Grows In Intensity". The Miami News. The Associated Press. June 25, 1945. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  13. ^ Schoner, Robert W; Molansky, Sydney; National Hurricane Research Project (1956). Rainfall associated with Hurricanes and other Tropical Disturbances (PDF) (Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. p. 177. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  14. ^ "Tropical Storm Past Sarasota, Heavy Rainfall". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Sarasota, Florida. The Associated Press. June 24, 1945. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  15. ^ "Heavy Tropic Storm Lashes Up U.S. Coast". The Montreal Gazette. Montreal. The Associated Press. June 27, 1945. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  16. ^ a b "Darien Soldier Saved on Sound". The Norwalk Hour. Norwalk, Connecticut. June 27, 1945. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  17. ^ "Tropical Storm Skirts New York". St. Petersburg Times. The Associated Press. June 27, 1945. Retrieved 11 August 2013.

[[Category:July 1945 events in the United States]|Outer Banks hurricane]

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