Hurricane Ida (2009)
Mid-Atlantic states, New England, Atlantic Canada | |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season |
Hurricane Ida was the strongest
Numerous
In Central America, Ida brought heavy rainfall to parts of Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras. Several people were reported missing in Nicaragua, however post-storm reports denied these claims. Thousands of buildings collapsed or sustained damage and roughly 40,000 people were left homeless. Damages from Ida in Nicaragua amounted to at least 46 million córdoba ($2.12 million US$). Aside from heavy rainfall in Mexico and Cuba, little impact from Ida was reported in either country. In the United States, the remnants caused substantial damage, mainly in the Mid-Atlantic States. One person was killed by Ida after drowning in rough seas, while six others lost their lives in various incidents related to the nor'easter. Widespread heavy rainfall led to numerous reports of flash flooding in areas from Mississippi to Maine. Overall, the two systems caused nearly $300 million in damage throughout the country.
Meteorological history
Hurricane Ida originated from a weak tropical wave that reached the western Caribbean on November 1, 2009. By November 2, the system spawned an area of low pressure north of Panama which moved very little over the following days. The low became increasingly organized within a favorable environment that allowed deep convection to develop. By November 4, the low had become sufficiently organized for the National Hurricane Center (NHC) to classify it as Tropical Depression Eleven. At this time, the tropical depression was situated just southwest of San Andrés Island.[1] Convective banding features became increasingly defined throughout the day,[2] and six hours after becoming a tropical depression, the system intensified into Tropical Storm Ida.[1]
Light
Late on November 6, Ida re-emerged over water, entering the northwestern Caribbean Sea. Upon moving back over water, the storm quickly began to redevelop, with convection increasing around the center of circulation.
Late on November 8, Ida attained its peak intensity with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h) and a
By the morning of November 10, all of Ida's
Preparations
Central America
Shortly after being designated as Tropical Storm Ida on November 4, the government of Nicaragua issued a
Throughout Nicaragua, officials evacuated roughly 3,000 people from areas prone to flash floods and landslides, as rainfall in excess of 20 in (510 mm) was expected to fall. About 1,100 of the evacuees were from Corn Island[13] and Little Corn Island where their homes were not expected to hold up to hurricane-force winds. In Bluefields, roughly 1,100 people were evacuated to shelters.[14] Authorities began stockpiling supplies such as food, blankets and water that could supply 20,000 people after the storm.[15] Upon the formation of Ida, officials in Costa Rica placed most northern regions under a yellow alert. Personnel from the Costa Rican Red Cross were also placed on standby.[16] In El Salvador, officials raised the disaster alert level to green, the lowest stage of alert, on November 5.[17] As Ida neared the coastline of Nicaragua, officials in Honduras warned residents of the likelihood of heavy rainfall from the storm. In response to this, the country's disaster alert level was raised to yellow.[18]
Northern Caribbean
Location | Peak | ||
---|---|---|---|
inch | mm | ||
Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua | 9.1 | 231 | [1] |
Puerto Lempira, Honduras | 7.1 | 180 | [1] |
Manuel Lazo, Cuba | 12.5 | 320 | [1] |
Pensacola, Florida | 5.41 | 137 | [19] |
Venice, Louisiana | 1.16 | 29.4 | [20] |
Opelika, Alabama | 9.83 | 250 | [20] |
Waynesboro, Mississippi | 4.13 | 105 | [20] |
Lithonia, Georgia | 7.32 | 186 | [21] |
Mount Le Conte, Tennessee | 4.11 | 104 | [21] |
Loris, South Carolina | 6.91 | 175 | [21] |
Manteo, North Carolina | 14.03 | 356 | [21] |
Hampton, Virginia | 18.00 | 457 | [22] |
White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia | 2.67 | 67.8 | [22] |
Washington, D.C. | 1.98 | 50.2 | [22] |
Assateague Island, Maryland | 7.4 | 187 | [22] |
Greenwood, Delaware | 4.61 | 117 | [22] |
Atlantic City, New Jersey | 5.38 | 136 | [22] |
Holtwood Dam, Pennsylvania | 0.64 | 16.2 | [22] |
Cullowhee, New York | 3.11 | 78.9 | [22] |
Wells, Maine | 6.3 | 160 | [23] |
On November 7, Tropical Depression Ida re-entered the Caribbean Sea and restrengthened into a tropical storm, prompting the NHC to issue a tropical storm watch for areas between
In Mexico, officials declared a yellow alert, moderate hazard, as Hurricane Ida neared the Yucatán Peninsula on November 9. Roughly 36,000 tourists and 1,500 residents were evacuated from coastal areas of Quintana Roo. The Mexican Navy was placed on standby to assist in relief efforts once the storm had passed.[24] Later that day, the alert was raised to red, the highest level, as hurricane-force winds and heavy rains threatened the region.[25] A total of 95 shelters were opened in the state to house the evacuees.[26]
United States
As Hurricane Ida moved over the Yucatán Channel on November 8, the NHC issued a hurricane watch for areas between Grand Isle, Louisiana and Mexico Beach, Florida. As the storm moved closer to the states, a tropical storm warning was declared for areas between Grand Isle and Pascagoula, Mississippi, as well as areas between Indian Pass, Florida, and the mouth of the Aucilla River. The hurricane watch was also modified to encompass a smaller area, between Grand Isle and Pascagoula. A hurricane warning was also issued from Pascagoula to Indian Pass. During the afternoon of November 9, all hurricane watches and warnings were discontinued and the tropical storm warning was modified to include areas between Grand Isle and the mouth of the Aucilla River. As Ida became extratropical, the NHC discontinued all watches and warnings on the storm on November 10.[1]
Due to the threat of large swells, several oil rigs along the Texas coastline were evacuated as a precautionary measure.[27] Workers from Chevron Corporation and Anadarko Petroleum were evacuated from offshore platforms while those working for ConocoPhillips and ExxonMobil remained on site. The Louisiana Offshore Oil Port was also shut down on November 9 as a result of Ida's passage.[28] As a result of the decreased oil production, the price of oil rose more than $1 to $78 per barrel.[29] Among the rigs that were damaged was the Transocean Marianas which was drilling the Macondo well. That vessel would be replaced on the Macondo Well by the Deepwater Horizon, which caused the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010.[30]
On November 8,
In Baldwin County, Alabama, a local state of emergency was declared on November 9 as Ida neared landfall. Voluntary evacuations were declared for residents living along coastal areas or in mobile homes. All government offices were closed until November 10 due to the storm. The Baldwin County Coliseum was converted into a shelter to house possible evacuees during the storm as well.[35] In Mississippi, officials advised residents to remain vigilant and discussed possible evacuations. Residents living near Pensacola Beach, Florida, and nearby Perdido Key were urged to evacuate.[34] On November 8, emergency officials declared a state of emergency in Escambia County.[36] The following day, Walton County was also placed under a state of emergency ahead of Hurricane Ida's arrival. Voluntary evacuations were issued for residents in low-lying areas and all non-emergency offices were closed until November 10. The Freeport High School gymnasium was converted into a shelter to house evacuees.[37]
Impact and aftermath
Nicaragua
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1597 | 62.87 | Mitch 1998 | Picacho/Chinandega | [38] |
2 | 674 | 26.55 | Eta 2020 | Puerto Corinto | [39] |
3 | 500 | 19.69 | Joan 1988 | [40] | |
4 | 447 | 17.60 | Gert 1993 |
Chinandega | [41] |
5 | 368 | 14.49 | Fifi 1974 | Chinandega | [41] |
6 | 298 | 11.72 | Alma 2008 | Punto Sandino | [42] |
7 | 272 | 10.70 | Cesar 1996 | Bluefields | [43] |
8 | 231 | 9.10 | Ida 2009 | Puerto Cabezas | [44] |
9 | 181 | 7.11 | Felix 2007 | Puerto Cabezas | [45] |
Throughout Nicaragua, rainfall produced by the storm was significantly less than anticipated according to satellite derived estimates.[46] Initial fears were that more than 15 in (380 mm) of rain would fall; however, most areas received less than 5 in (130 mm), especially further inland.[46] A maximum of 9.1 in (230 mm) fell in Puerto Cabezas[1] while areas further inland received less than 8 in (200 mm).[46] The most severe damage took place in Karawala and Corn Island, near where the storm made landfall. There, roughly 80 percent of the structures were destroyed and over 2,000 ha (4,900 acres) of crops were lost.[14][47] On Corn Island, 40 homes, 3 schools and a church were destroyed and the electrical and water grids were severely disrupted. Roughly 6,000 people from the municipalities of Sandy Bay, Karawala, Kukra Hilla, Laguna de Perlas, El Tortuguero and the mouth of the Rio Grande were evacuated to 54 shelters during the storm. Officials stated that 42 people along the Miskito Coast were unaccounted for as they refused to evacuate before the storm.[15] The day after Ida passed through, officials began to assess the full extent of the hurricane's damage. An estimated 40,000 people were left homeless throughout the country and one person was listed as missing. Mayors of severely affected towns reported that there were numerous injuries, missing persons and extensive property damage.[48] In Nicaragua, there were no confirmed fatalities as a result of Ida.[1]
Damage from Ida in Nicaragua was estimated to be at least 46 million Nicaraguan córdoba (US$2.12 million).[47][49] A total of 1,334 people were injured by the storm throughout the country.[50] Final damage assessments from the Nicaraguan Government for mainland Nicaragua were completed on November 12. A government report said that 283 homes were destroyed and 1,899 others damaged; 1,184 latrines were destroyed and 444 were damaged, and 476 wells were destroyed and 1,139 were damaged.[51]
Shortly after the storm moved inland, 700 civil defense personnel were deployed to the affected region; however, due to damaged roads and poor travel conditions, they struggled to reach isolated regions.
Elsewhere in Central America
In Costa Rica, the outer bands of Ida brought torrential rainfall, triggering isolated landslides. One of these landslides damaged three homes, leading to officials evacuating five families. Homes near Los Diques de Cartago were flooded and the sewage system was damaged, resulting in overflow.[55] In Veraguas Province, Panama, severe flooding displaced more 400 people after 84 homes were inundated up to their roofs.[56] A flooding disaster that killed 124 people in El Salvador was initially attributed to Hurricane Ida, although the National Hurricane Center quickly affirmed that the event resulted from a separate tropical low-pressure system in the Pacific.[1][57] After weakening to a tropical storm, Ida moved over Honduras, where widespread heavy rains fell. A maximum rainfall of 7.1 in (180 mm) was recorded in Puerto Lempira.[1] These rains caused some rivers in the country to swell, but none overflowed its banks.[58] In northern areas of Honduras, minor flooding and fallen trees were reported.[59]
Northern Caribbean
In Cuba, the outer bands of Ida produced widespread heavy rainfall across western areas of the country. A maximum rainfall amount of 12.5 in (320 mm) fell in Manuel Lazo, while nearby areas received between 7 and 9 in (180 and 230 mm).
United States
Ahead of Ida's arrival in the United States, a tight pressure gradient between the hurricane and a high-pressure system over the southeastern states resulted in strong winds across southern Florida. These winds, reaching 45 mph (70 km/h) in gusts, caused moderate damage in parts of the state. Roughly 3,000 people were left without power in
In Alabama, where Ida made landfall, heavy rains resulted in widespread flash flooding.[1] A maximum of 9.83 in (250 mm) of rain fell in Opelika during the storm.[20] Several roads in coastal counties were closed after being covered by high water.[68][69] Heavy rains in central areas of the state also resulted in moderate flooding. In Calhoun County, a three-block area of Anniston was inundated by 2.5 ft (0.76 m) of water.[70] In addition to the storm's heavy rains, waves up to 20 ft (6.1 m) caused severe damage along coastal regions.[71] A storm surge of 4.38 ft (1.34 m) was recorded at Bayou La Batre.[72] The Gulf State Park Pier near Gulf Shores, recently re-opened after being destroyed by Hurricane Ivan in 2004, was damaged. Damage from beach erosion and coastal resorts amounted to roughly $9 million in the state.[71]
Before making landfall in Alabama, Hurricane Ida brushed southeastern Louisiana, bringing light to moderate rains and increased surf to the state. Offshore, one person drowned after attempting to assist a boat that let out a distress signal during the storm.[1] The rough seas resulted in moderate to severe beach erosion that caused roughly 1,000 ft (300 m) of levee to collapse. The levee collapse led to minor flooding and threatened three homes. The storm cut a new pass through Elmer's Island to Grand Isle between 100 and 200 ft (30 and 61 m) wide. A maximum sustained wind of 62 mph (100 km/h) and a gust of 74 mph (119 km/h) was recorded at the mouth of the Mississippi River.[73] The highest rainfall total was recorded in Venice at 1.16 in (29 mm).[20] Although not solely caused by Ida, high tides along the Texas coastline led to a few road closures.[74]
Minor effects from Ida were also experienced in Mississippi, Georgia and Tennessee.[12] In Mississippi, 4.13 in (105 mm) of rain fell in Waynesboro. Some flooding was reported in areas near the Alabama border while winds of up to 45 mph (70 km/h) brought down trees. Along the coast, the hurricane's storm surge was estimated at between 3 and 3.5 ft (0.91 and 1.07 m).[75] Heavy rainfall from the storm affected much of Georgia, with a large swath of 3 to 5 in (76 to 127 mm) falling in northern parts of the state.[12] A peak of 7.32 in (186 mm) was recorded in Lithonia.[21] Additionally, minor rains affected parts of eastern Tennessee,[12] totaling 4.11 in (104 mm) on Mount Le Conte.[21]
Nor'easter
Along the east coast of the United States, a nor'easter involving the remnants of Ida resulted in widespread damage along coastal areas.[1] In North Carolina strong winds downed several trees loosened in saturated soil. In Rockingham County, one person was killed after being struck by a branch while driving.[76] Four homes were destroyed along the Outer Banks, and over 500 others were damaged, leaving at least $5.8 million in losses.[77] Widespread coastal damage and flooding took place in Virginia, as rainfall exceeding 7 in (180 mm) fell in many places and large waves battered beaches.[12][1] In some areas, roads were closed multiple times due to flooding. Minor damage was also reported as a few homes were inundated with up to 1 ft (0.30 m) of water. Some areas reported a storm surge comparable to that of Hurricanes Gloria in 1985 and Isabel in 2003.[78] Damage from the storm in Virginia was estimated to be at least $38.8 million, of which $25 million was in Norfolk alone.[11] In New York, one person drowned after being caught in rough seas off Rockaway Beach.[79] Total beach losses in the state reached $8.2 million.[80]
See also
References
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{{cite web}}
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- ^ "New York Event Report: High Surf". National Climatic Data Center. 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2010.[permanent dead link]
External links
- The National Hurricane Center's Advisory Archive for Hurricane Ida
- The Hydrometeorological Prediction Center's Advisory Archive for the remnants of Hurricane Ida
- The National Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Report on Hurricane Ida
- The Hydrometeorological Prediction Center's Report on Hurricane Ida
- (in Spanish) Emergency reports for Central America related to Hurricane Ida and the El Salvador floods and mudslides
- The National Climatic Data Center's Storm Event Database