1976 in science

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The year 1976 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

• March –
  Robert Earl Jackson.^[1]
• June 18 – Gravity Probe A, a satellite-based experiment to test Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, is launched.
• July 20 – Viking program: The Viking 1 lander successfully lands on Mars.
• July 31 –
  Face on Mars' photograph, taken by Viking 1
• August 7 – Viking program: Viking 2 enters into orbit around Mars.
• August 22 –
  Luna program: Luna 24 successfully makes an unmanned landing on the Moon
  , the last for 37 years.
• September 3 – Viking program: The Viking 2 spacecraft lands at Utopia Planitia on Mars and takes the first close-up color photographs of the planet's surface.
• September 17 – Space Shuttle Enterprise rolled out.
• Universe, a public domain film produced by Lester Novros for NASA, is released.

• January 21 – Concorde begins commercial flights.
• December 8 – First flight of production General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon.

• May – Marion M. Bradford publishes the Bradford protein assay method.^[2]
• Oberlin, Endo and Koyama publish evidence of the creation of carbon nanotubes using a vapor-growth technique.^[3][4]

• January – The
  Cray Research. Model 001 is installed at Los Alamos National Laboratory
  in the United States.
• March – Peter Chen's key paper on the entity–relationship model is published, having first been presented at a conference in September 1975.^[5]
• April 1 –
  Apple Computer Company is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in California and on April 11 they launch their first computer, the Apple I
  , for the U.S. hobbyist market.
• November 26 – Little-known company Microsoft is officially registered with the Office of the Secretary of State of New Mexico.
• December – Release of Electric Pencil (originated by Michael Shrayer), the first word processor for home computers.

• November – An asymmetric-key cryptosystem is published by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman who disclose the Diffie–Hellman key exchange method of public-key agreement for public-key cryptography.^[6]

• October 3 – Opening of the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of History and Technology in Washington, D.C.^[7]
• Jean Gimpel's The Medieval Machine is published.

• July 11 – Keuffel and Esser manufacture the last slide rule in the United States.^[8]
• Imre Lakatos' Proofs and Refutations: the Logic of Mathematical Discovery is published posthumously.^[9]
• The four color theorem is proved by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken, the first major theorem to be proved using a computer.^[9]
• Andrei Suslin and Daniel Quillen independently prove the Quillen–Suslin theorem ("Serre's conjecture") about the triviality of algebraic vector bundles on affine space.

• Fossil footprints of bipedal hominini from 3.6M years BP are found at Laetoli in Tanzania by Andrew Hill when visiting Mary Leakey.^[10]

• July 27 – Delegates attending an
  outbreak of Legionnaires' disease
  and will end in the deaths of 29 attendees.
• August 26 – The
  Ebola virus first emerges in outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever in Yambuku, Zaire, followed by outbreaks in Sudan.^[11]
• October 1–December 16 – Program of mass vaccination in the United States against the 1976 swine flu outbreak, suspended due to public fears over side-effects.
• October 28 – British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins' book The Selfish Gene is published, introducing the term memetics.
• Dementia with Lewy bodies is first described by Japanese psychiatrist and neuropathologist Kenji Kosaka.^[12]
• The term
  Münchausen syndrome by proxy is first coined by John Money and June Faith Werlwas.^[13][14]
• Norman F. Dixon publishes On the Psychology of Military Incompetence.

• The first
  laser printer is introduced by IBM
  (the IBM 3800).

• Nobel Prizes
  • Physics – Burton Richter, Samuel C. C. Ting
  • William N. Lipscomb
  • Baruch S. Blumberg, Daniel Carleton Gajdusek
• Turing Award – Michael O. Rabin, Dana Scott

• July 27 – Demis Hassabis, British artificial intelligence researcher.
• November 19 – Jack Dorsey, American web developer.

• January 19 –
  electrical engineer
  .
• February 1
  • theoretical physicist
    .
  • pathologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934
    .
• April 5 –
  neurosurgeon
  .
• April 21 – Carl Benjamin Boyer (b. 1906), American historian of mathematics.
• May 31 – Jacques Monod (b. 1910), French biochemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965.
• August 18 – Shintaro Uda (b. 1886), Japanese electrical engineer.
• October 5 – Lars Onsager (b. 1903), Norwegian American chemist.
• September 16 –
  herpetologist
  and women's rights campaigner.
• September 26 – Pál Turán (b. 1910), Hungarian mathematician.
• November 5 –
  entomologist and pioneer of cladistics
  .