2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the 2018 Trump–Kim summit, see 2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit. For the 2019 second Trump–Kim summit, see 2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit.
2019 Koreas–United States DMZ summit
Trump (left), Kim (center), and Moon (right) talking together in the DMZ.
Host country
DateJune 30, 2019
Venue(s)
Freedom House, Panmunjom, Demilitarized Zone
(DMZ)
Participants
Follows2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit
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The 2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit was a one-day summit held at the

U.S. envoy to South Korea Harry B. Harris Jr. holding a meeting with Kim later broadcast on North Korean television.[5][6]

Background

See also: North Korea–United States relations

A number of other sitting U.S. presidents had previously traveled to the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and seen North Korea through binoculars, but none had previously met the

leaders of North Korea or actually traveled within North Korean territory.[7][8]

Trump and Kim held talks on February 27 and 28, 2019, in the Vietnamese capital of Hanoi, regarding the nuclear issue.[9][10] At Hanoi, North Korea sought the removal of all significant economic sanctions; in return, it proposed partially reducing its capacity to construct new nuclear weapons, while retaining its existing nuclear arsenal. Trump, meanwhile, offered economic aid to North Korea in exchange for denuclearization.[11] The two countries did not come to agreement, and talks eventually collapsed.[10][9] In the aftermath of Hanoi, North Korean state media "angrily denounced the U.S. position" but "refrained from criticizing Trump directly and even referred to the positive relationship between the two leaders, a sentiment consistently echoed by Trump himself."[11]

On June 12, 2019, Trump told reporters that he received a "beautiful letter" from Kim that was "very personal, very warm, very nice," praised Kim's leadership, and said that the letter was a sign that talks would resume.[12] Kim received a reply from Trump on June 23, 2019, which Kim praised as "excellent"; North Korean state media stated that "Appreciating the political judging faculty and extraordinary courage of President Trump, Kim Jong Un said that he would seriously contemplate the interesting content."[13]

Announcement

Moon and Trump announcing the DMZ summit at the press conference

On June 24, 2019, the

U.S. State Department's Special Representative for North Korea, at Panmunjom, in preparation for the summit.[16][17][18] During the South Korea–U.S. Summit, South Korean president Moon Jae-in announced that Trump would be meeting Kim during his visit at the DMZ.[19] Moon predicted that a handshake between Trump and Kim at the DMZ would be a "milestone" for denuclearization efforts on the peninsula.[20]

Although the meeting was billed as a spontaneous or impromptu meeting, Kim and Trump had exchanged letters earlier in the month.[21] Andrei Lankov of Kookmin University "said it was inconceivable that the leaders of two powerful nations had arranged a meeting at such short notice. He described it as a 'show' designed to send a political message without raising expectations about actual progress."[22]

According to the book of John Bolton, the U.S. national security adviser at that time, Trump didn't want Moon to join him during his third meeting with Kim in the DMZ.[23]

Summit

KST (2:45 a.m. EDT
)
Trump and Kim at the north side of DMZ; Trump becomes the first U.S. president to step into North Korea since the Korean War

Following the conclusions of the 2019 G20 Osaka summit in Japan, on June 30, 2019, Trump and South Korean president Moon Jae-in visited the DMZ before the meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. Kim invited Trump to cross the

Freedom House.[22]

Trump's top advisor Ivanka Trump, senior advisor Jared Kushner, Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin, and United States ambassador to South Korea Harry B. Harris, Jr., accompanied Trump to the DMZ.[29][30][4][31][5] Ivanka Trump joined the president in his meeting with Kim.[4][5] Moon did not attend; the North Korean Foreign Ministry had announced a week before that he was not welcome, telling South Korean authorities to "mind their own business at home".[22]

In remarks after the meeting, Kim said, "By meeting here, which is a symbol of division, the symbol of a hostile past...we are presenting to the world that we have a new present, and this is announcing to the world that we will have positive meetings going forward."[32][33][34]

Aftermath

Chairman Kim and President Trump speaking to reporters during a press conference

Following the nuclear summit, both sides had announced the resumption of "working-level" nuclear talks.

special envoy to North Korea, Stephen Biegun, would lead the U.S. negotiators; the North Korean lead negotiator has not been appointed, although senior diplomat Choe Son-hui was viewed as a likely choice.[37]

David E. Sanger and Michael Crowley, in an analysis for The New York Times, wrote that in the lead-up to the meeting, Trump administration officials had been internally considering the prospect that a new round of U.S.–North Korea negotiations could lead to the U.S. accepting "a nuclear freeze, one that essentially enshrines the status quo, and tacitly accepts the North as a nuclear power," rather than complete denuclearization.[38] Under this possible outcome, North Korea would halt the growth of its nuclear arsenal, but would not dismantle any of the estimated 20–60 existing nuclear weapons already in its stockpile, and would not curb its ballistic missile capabilities.[38] Biegun said that commentary about possible outcomes was speculative and said he was "not preparing any new proposal currently".[38]

Reactions

South Korea

The meeting was "broadly welcomed in South Korean political circles," including from the ruling Democratic Party (whose chairman called it "another milestone toward peace on the Korean Peninsula") and the conservative Liberty Korea Party, the main opposition party. The chairman of Liberty Korea Party announced that "it is a good sign for breaking the deadlock in the nuclear talks."[39] Myong-hyun Go, Research Fellow of the Asan Institute for Policy Studies which is one of the top 5 think tanks for foreign policy and defense area in South Korea,[40][41] analyzed DMZ summit as a positive direction. Go emphasized the crucial role of South Korea, President Moon between Trump and Kim as a negotiator. Go also said a small deal between the United States and the DPRK, similar to the Iran nuclear deal, might be feasible if Trump concluded that it was more realistic a big deal.[42] However, Andrei Lankov of Kookmin University stated that both Kim and Trump "needed something that is strong on optics but weak on substance" and that the DMZ meeting was intended to convey a political message without raising expectations about progress toward an actual agreement on the North Korean nuclear issue.[22]

North Korea

Chairman Kim and President Trump including U.S. secretary Mike Pompeo, DPRK Minister Ri Yong-ho talking to reporters
Freedom House
of DMZ
Moon and Kim bid farewell at the end of the summit

North Korean state media praised Trump's visit as "historic"[43] and "an amazing event", and extensively covered the event for KCNA, the state TV network,[44] and Rodong Sinmun, a state newspaper.[45] Kim was quoted in the Rodong Sinmun as saying that "a dramatic meeting like today could take place in one day due to positive friendly relationship with President Trump."[43] Anna Fifield of The Washington Post and Nic Robertson of CNN described the meeting as an important propaganda victory for Kim.[45][46] However, Foreign Ministry adviser of North Korea Kim Kye-gwan announced that meeting with Trump only served U.S. Interests and pride of U.S. president. DPRK would be interested in another summit with Trump only if U.S. offers mutually acceptable terms between two countries to salvage nuclear diplomacy.[47][48][49][50][51]

United States

During a news conference with South Korean president Moon Jae-in, Trump falsely claimed that "President

Nixon–Mao meeting in 1972, dismissed critics of the meeting, and said "If Kim doesn't deliver on this, I think he may have potential problems within his own leadership cadre."[55]

A number of Democratic members of the U.S. Congress, candidates for the Democratic nomination for president in 2020, and general critics of Trump criticized his decision to meet with Kim. The Joe Biden campaign denounced Trump for "coddling" dictators while making "numerous concessions for negligible gain"; candidate Elizabeth Warren tweeted, "Our president shouldn't be squandering American influence on photo ops and exchanging love letters with a ruthless dictator."[2] Critics also took exception to the president's decision to meet with Kim two years after the death of Otto Warmbier, an American college student who was arrested and imprisoned by North Korea after being accused of Subversion (through attempted theft of a propaganda poster), and suffered a fatal brain injury in North Korean captivity.[56][57]

U.S. foreign policy analysts were generally critical of the meeting.

Obama administration, said that by meeting Kim at the DMZ without preconditions attached, Trump was signaling that North Korea was "a normalized, nuclear power."[60] Analyst, columnist, and frequent Trump critic Max Boot wrote that the DMZ meeting was "symbolism utterly devoid of substance" and argued that Kim had taken advantage of a "gullible" Trump to improve his own legitimacy.[61] Commentator S. Nathan Park, however, viewed the third Trump–Kim meeting as a positive trust-building event that could be viewed as "necessary to get the working level talks back on track." Park wrote that although "one must be clear-eyed to the reality that a tangible result has not yet materialized in Trump's North Korea diplomacy," patience could lead to more concrete impacts.[58]

China

China’s

sanctions against North Korea in gradual "action-for-action" phases, rather than offering sanctions relief only upon complete nuclear disarmament.[62] Cheong Seong-chang of the Sejong Institute, a South Korean think tank, said that in meetings between Kim and Xi in North Korea, "Xi pledged economic cooperation and a security guarantee to North Korea in exchange for Pyongyang's continued effort on denuclearization negotiations."[62] Koh Yu-hwan, a North Korean studies professor at Dongguk University in Seoul, agreed that Xi had facilitated the Trump–Kim meeting.[62]

Other

Shinzō Abe said that "Japan has been supporting the U.S.-DPRK negotiation process since their Singapore meeting."[63]

The Catholic leader Pope Francis praised the summit as "a step further in the walk of peace" for the Korean Peninsula and "the entire world."[2][64][65]

Qatar's Al Jazeera assessed that the DPRK-U.S. summit meeting at the DMZ provided a meaningful stepping stone for Trump's negotiations and created an opportunity to resume the nuclear negotiations with North Korea, which could be an essential milestone in U.S. diplomacy.[66][67]

Post-summit developments

See also: 2018–19 Korean peace process

On October 5, U.S. and North Korean officials held working-level nuclear talks in

USFK.[73]

Revitalization of the senior officials channel to DPRK

On September 10, Trump sacked National Security Advisor

Robert O'Brien as the new U.S. national security adviser.[77][78] Some of Senate Republicans including Lindsey Graham praised Trump's pick and mentioned, "he's got great negotiating skills", and "he would be a very sound policy adviser."[79][80][81] North Korea envoy Stephen Biegun was confirmed as deputy secretary of state which is Pompeo's number two. While Pompeo was recognized as a protector of Trump, Biegun is unknown for his partisanship.[82][83][84]

Request of working level talk to North Korea

On December 11, 2019, during a

while chairing the UN Security Council requested North Korea return to the negotiation table in order to take concrete, parallel steps toward a nuclear agreement.[87][88][89]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Former 39th and 42nd U.S. Presidents Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton had previously visited North Korea after they left office.[26]

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External links

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