2023–24 North American winter

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2023–24 North American winter
Average temperature anomalies for the 2023–24 winter in the United States, showcasing the record-warm temperatures observed
Seasonal boundaries
Meteorological winterDecember 1 – February 29
Astronomical winterDecember 21 – March 19
First event startedNovember 21, 2023
Last event concludedApril 6, 2024
Most notable event
NameJanuary 13–16, 2024 North American winter storm
 • DurationJanuary 13–16, 2024
 • Lowest pressure983 mb (29.03 inHg)
 • Fatalities30 fatalities
 • DamageUnknown
Seasonal statistics
Total storms (
North American winters

The 2023–24 North American winter was the warmest winter on record across the contiguous

A strong El Niño
was expected to influence the winter weather patterns across the continent.

Based on the astronomical definition, winter began at the winter solstice, which occurred on December 21, 2023, and ended at the spring equinox on March 19, 2024.[1] Based on the meteorological definition, the first day of winter started on December 1 and the last day was February 29.[2] However, winter storms may occur outside of these limits.

Seasonal forecasts

Temperature outlook
Precipitation outlook

On October 4, 2023,

El Niño; their forecast called for the Southeastern United States and California to be wetter than average, some of which could form severe weather outbreaks. The Midwestern United States was predicted to have higher temperatures and drier conditions than average. AccuWeather notes that cities like Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh
are expected to have more snowfall than last winter. The predictions for the West Coast were that storms will occur commonly in the winter.[3]

Seasonal summary

February 2024 nor'easterFebruary 2024 California atmospheric riversJanuary 13–16, 2024 North American winter stormJanuary 8–10, 2024 North American storm complexRegional Snowfall Index

Events

Pre-Thanksgiving storm complex

A winter storm affected Northern

New York Metropolitan area, with some areas reporting over 3 in (76 mm).[8] Daily rainfall records were broken on November 22 in Islip, Bridgeport and LaGuardia Airport.[9]

Late November winter storm

Category 0 "Nuisance" (
NOAA: N/A)
 
DurationNovember 26–28, 2023
Maximum snow42.7 in (108 cm)
Fatalities4
DamageUnknown

A winter storm affected much of the

lake effect snow fell around Lake Erie, which resulted in a fatal car crash in Pennsylvania, a 20-vehicle pileup near Cleveland and Ontario Highway 403 shutting down. The highest snowfall total was 42.7 in (108 cm) in Highmarket, New York.[16]

Christmas Day blizzard

Category 0 "Nuisance" (
NOAA: N/A)
 
DurationDecember 25–27, 2023
Lowest pressure1003 mb (29.62 inHg)
Maximum snow14.6 in (37 cm)
Fatalities1

On

Christmas Day, an intensifying low pressure system developing into a blizzard struck the Upper Midwest, dropping more than 12–18 inches (30–46 cm) of snow. Spearfish, South Dakota recorded 14.6 inches (37 cm) of snow.[17] Whiteout conditions and strong gusty winds were reported in states like Nebraska and North and South Dakota due to the storm.[18] Blizzard warnings were issued for a large part of Nebraska and South Dakota as well as parts of northern Kansas. The system caused many accidents as a result, including jackknifed semis on eastbound Interstate 80 in Nebraska, forcing a portion of that road to close for several hours.[18] Significant closures also occurred on Interstate 90 in South Dakota and Interstate 70 in Colorado.[19][20] Badlands National Park was closed due to the blizzard. The storm also caused one fatality on icy roads in Kansas.[21]

Early January nor'easter

Category 0 "Nuisance" (
NOAA: N/A)
 
DurationJanuary 6–7, 2024
Lowest pressure988 mb (29.18 inHg)
Maximum snow18 in (46 cm)
DamageUnknown

A winter storm, that became a

New York Thruway between Orange County and Ulster County was postponed by a week.[25] Despite over 1 ft (30 cm) of snow in Port Jervis, New York, the record snow drought in New York City continued, as Central Park only picked up 0.2 in (0.51 cm) of snow.[26] Boston measured 3.8 in (9.7 cm) during the snow event, with 5.6 in (14 cm) of snow in Providence, Rhode Island and 10.4 in (26 cm) of snow in Hartford, Connecticut.[27]

January winter storms

From January 8–19, following a pattern change, four consecutive winter storms affected much of the country with rain, snow, blizzard conditions and flooding.

First storm (January 8–10)

Category 1 "Notable" (
NOAA: 2.38)
 
DurationJanuary 8–10, 2024
Lowest pressure976 mb (28.82 inHg)
Maximum snow21 in (53 cm)
Fatalities2
DamageUnknown
Main article: January 8–10, 2024 North American storm complex

The first winter storm hit the Midwest, Southeast, and East Coast on January 8–10, 2024.

Oklahoma Panhandle reached 4–5 feet (1.2–1.5 m) due to wind and heavy snowfall.[30] In the Eastern United States, many states had over 40,000 customers lose power, with 130,000 power outages in New York and 90,000 power outages in Pennsylvania.[31] Western New York was hit hard, with winds gusting to 74 mph (119 km/h) in Dunkirk and 78 mph (126 km/h) in Watertown;[32] the National Weather Service's Buffalo office warned in an Area Forecast Discussion that gusts from the southeast descending from Tug Hill could reach "potentially generational" levels.[33] Maine experienced the storm as a "sou'easter", with the strongest winds occurring simultaneously with astronomical hide tide, leading to widespread coastal flooding. Gale-force winds occurred along the coast, especially in the Down East region, further contributing to coastal flooding, erosion, and structural damage.[34]

In total, about 1,350 flights were canceled, more than 8,700 more flights were delayed, about two dozen tornadoes were reported, and at least 6 people died because of the storm, with 2 being winter storm related.[31]

Second storm (January 10–13)

Category 0 "Nuisance" (
NOAA: N/A)
 
DurationJanuary 10–13, 2024
Lowest pressure981 mb (28.97 inHg)
Maximum snow41 in (100 cm)
Fatalities5
DamageUnknown

The second system, which brought blizzard conditions to some areas, hit most of the U.S. starting on January 10, 2024, sweeping from the Northwest into the Midwest, Great Lakes area, and the East Coast.[35][36] Almost every U.S. state became under some form of weather alert.[37]

The storm resulted in blizzard warnings for Oregon and Washington's mountain areas for the first time since 2012.[38] Crater Lake National Park closed due to the winter storm.[39] Following the storm, record cold conditions were observed in Washington, with Seattle observing a low of 13 °F (−11 °C), their coldest temperature since 1990. Ski resorts in on Mount Baker closed due to the cold as well.[40] More than 443,000 customers lost power from Oregon to Michigan, with 111,000 outages in Oregon alone.[41] Portions of Interstate 70 in Kansas were closed due to the winter weather. Moline, Illinois recorded their second snowiest day on record on January 12, with 15.4 in (39 cm) of snow.[42] Coastal Maine was once again, for the second time in 4 days, affected by widespread coastal flooding and gale-force winds, leading to structural destruction and coastal bank erosion. Record tide gauge levels of 14.57 ft were recorded in Portland, causing the 2024 Portland Flood. The storm, combined with the January 9th storm, created an estimated usd $70.3 million in damages for the state of Maine, prompting a major disaster declaration to be declared in the state by President Joe Biden.[43]

Nationwide, over 2000 flights were canceled on January 12 and over another 1000 were canceled on January 13. A state of emergency and travel ban was declared in Western New York, forcing the

NHL game between the Toronto Maple Leafs and Detroit Red Wings suffered a 52 minute delay.[44] Portions of Queen Elizabeth Way were also closed.[45]Five people died due to the storm: three in Oregon,[46] one person in California,[42] and one in Wisconsin.[47]

Third storm (January 13–16)

Category 1 "Notable" (
NOAA: 1.437)
 
DurationJanuary 13–16, 2024
Lowest pressure983 mb (29.03 inHg)
Maximum snow49.5 in (126 cm)
Fatalities30
DamageUnknown
Main article: January 13–16, 2024 North American winter storm

The winter storm in

Washington D.C. recording 4.1 in (10 cm) of snow.[53] Central Park reported 1.2 in (3.0 cm) of snow on January 16, their first inch of snow in a single day since February 13, 2022. The storm total there was 1.6 in (4.1 cm).[54]

In total, at least 30 fatalities have been linked to this storm system, including 14 in Tennessee, five in Pennsylvania, three in New York, three in Oregon, and one in Kansas.[55]

Fourth storm (January 16–19)

Right after the previous storm departed the East Coast, another snowstorm affected the

Washington D.C.[59]

Mid-January cold wave

Freezing temperatures affected campaign events leading up to the

NFL game on record between the Kansas City Chiefs and Miami Dolphins, with kickoff temperature being −4 °F (−20 °C).[61] Fifteen people were hospitalized due to the cold temperatures during the game.[62] Wind chills following the storm reached as low as −60 °F (−51 °C) in Montana, and wind chills were still −9 °F (−23 °C) as far south as Dallas on January 14.[63] On January 13, Dillon, Montana reached an all time record low of −42 °F (−41 °C), while Bozeman, Montana recorded their second coldest temperature at −45 °F (−43 °C).[64] That same day, Dickinson, North Dakota reached a −70 °F (−57 °C) wind chill, their coldest since the wind chill formula was updated in 2001, and a −33 °F (−36 °C) air temperature, a daily record and their coldest temperature since 1990.[65] On January 16, Houston dropped to a daily record low of 19 °F (−7 °C).[66] The cold wave and snow that the storm brought with it led to at least 55 fatalities.[67]

Early February Canadian blizzard

A slow-moving significant

9-1-1 calls were made during the height of the blizzard, particularly in the regions with heavier snowfall and gusty winds.[69]

Early February West Coast atmospheric rivers

Main article: February 2024 California atmospheric rivers

A Pineapple Express storm hit the state from February 1 to February 2, 2024, before moving over the United States and settling over the I-25 corridor in Colorado, where heavy snow fell. Another one is expected to hit February 3rd and last until February 5th, with the National Weather Service calling it "potentially life-threatening." Other news sources estimated that Los Angeles could receive six-months' worth of rain in the 48-hour period, while the Sierra Nevada mountains are generally expected to get 1 to 3 ft (30 to 91 cm) of snow, with over 4 feet (120 cm) of snow expected in higher elevations, such as Mammoth Lakes, CA. Parts of the San Bernardino Mountains' foothills could receive 10 to 12 in (250 to 300 mm) of rain. [71]

Pre-Valentine's Day nor'easter

Category 0 "Nuisance" (
NOAA: N/A)
 
DurationFebruary 10–13, 2024
Lowest pressure956 mb (28.23 inHg)
Maximum snow15.2 in (39 cm)
Fatalities1
DamageUnknown
Main article: February 2024 nor'easter

A weak area of low pressure developed along the Gulf Coast and trekked northeastwards throughout February 11–12 across the Southeast as the system as a whole continued eastward.[72] At 09:00 UTC, the Weather Prediction Center deemed it necessary to begin issue storm summary bulletins for the winter storm.[73] As the system became a nor'easter and moved offshore on February 13, rapid deepening – known also as "bombing out" – commenced overnight, with the central pressure falling from 991 mb (29.3 inHg) at 09:00 UTC on February 13 to 964 mb (28.5 inHg) at 03:00 UTC on February 14, a drop of 27 millibars (0.80 inHg) in 18 hours.[74][75] As this process commenced during the early morning hours on February 13, precipitation rapidly switched from rain to heavy snowfall along much of the Mid-Atlantic, with rates approaching 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) per hour in the northwestern and northeastern portions of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, respectively, which led to the heaviest snowfall totals of the event in those areas.[76] The nor'easter moved quickly, with precipitation and snowfall ending across the Mid-Atlantic and eventually New England by evening that day; consequently, the WPC terminated storm summary bulletins for the departing nor'easter at 03:00 UTC on February 14.[77]

Many cities in the Mid-Atlantic, particularly New York City, were expected to receive the heaviest snowfall accumulation in at least two years due to the nor'easter,[78] although the storm was notable for being difficult to predict in the aforementioned regions in the hours leading up to the event. Flights were cancelled or delayed across the Mid-Atlantic, and millions spanning from Pennsylvania to Massachusetts were placed under winter storm warnings. Over 175,000 people across the Northeast lost power, due to the heavy wet nature of the snow, and the nor'easter was responsible for at least one death so far as of February 13. Separately, the system dumped at least 1 foot (12 in; 30 cm) in parts of Texas and Oklahoma causing severe impacts in the region as well.

Mid-February Mid-Atlantic winter storm

Category 0 "Nuisance" (
NOAA: N/A)
 
DurationFebruary 15–17, 2024
Maximum snow13.8 in (35 cm)
Fatalities0
DamageUnknown

A surprise major winter storm began affecting the Mid-Atlantic during the overnight hours of February 16–17. A fast-moving clipper system moved through the Midwest early on February 16, dropping 3–5 in (7.6–12.7 cm) of snow with isolated higher amounts near the cities of

Staten Island, New York and western Long Island, just south of New York City.[80] Extreme snowfall rates of 4–5 in (10–13 cm) per hour occurred in this band, which the Mount Holly National Weather Service (NWS) office described as "serious snowfall rates" and by amateur meteorologists in the region as "historic".[81]

The heaviest snow fell in

George Washington Parkway.[86]

Late February–early March blizzard

A major winter storm began to affect the

Lake Tahoe, California.[88] The storm resulted in over 100 mi (160 km) of Interstate 80 shutting down, and Yosemite National Park was also briefly shut down.[89][90] The blizzard brought very strong winds to the mountainous regions – a near-record-breaking wind gust of 190 mph (310 km/h) was reported at Palisades Tahoe at an elevation of 8,700 feet (2,700 m) late on March 1.[91]

Late March winter storm

Heavy snow fell throughout the

Northern New England and Upstate New York. The heaviest snow accumulation totaled 33.1 in (84 cm) in West Windsor, Vermont, with 29 in (74 cm) of snow in Penobscot, Maine, 28 in (71 cm) of snow in Albany, New Hampshire and 25.6 in (65 cm) of snow in Pawlet, New York.[92] The snowstorm resulted in 360,000 power outages in the Northeast, with nearly 200,000 in Maine alone. Further south, record rainfall brought flooding to Philadelphia, and shut down portions of the Cross Island Parkway and Fifth Avenue in New York City.[93][94] The Staten Island Railway was also closed due to the rain.[95] Following the floods, temperatures dropped below freezing, leading to icy patches on roads in the New York metropolitan area.[92]

Records

Northern United States

Many regions, particularly the Upper Midwest, saw their warmest winter on record, which was coupled with below-average snowfall as well.[96] Ice coverage across the Great Lakes was at a record low for the 2023–24 winter, due to a lack of persistent cold air.[citation needed] The Michiana region recorded their 2nd warmest and 4th least snowy winter.[97]

Canada

Several cities experienced one of their warmest winters on record, with little snowfall occurring on

Alberta and British Columbia.[99]

Season effects

Regional Snowfall Index scale
C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
2023–24 North American winter season statistics
Event
name 		Dates active
RSI
category 		RSI value Highest
gust
mph (km/h) 		Minimum
pressure
(mbar) 		Maximum
snow
in (cm) 		Maximum
ice
in (mm) 		Areas affected Damage
(2023 USD) 		Deaths
Pre-Thanksgiving storm complex November 21–22 N/A N/A Unknown Unknown 6 (15) Unknown New England Unknown 0
Late November winter storm November 24-28 N/A N/A Unknown Unknown 42.7 (107) Unknown Great Plains, Midwestern United States, Great Lakes Unknown 4
Christmas day blizzard December 24–26 N/A N/A Unknown Unknown 9 (23) 1 (25.4) Great Plains Unknown 1
Early January nor'easter January 6–7 N/A N/A Unknown Unknown 18.5 (66) 0.5 (12.7)
Northeast United States
 Unknown 0
First storm (January 8–10) January 8–10 Category 1 2.38 102 mph (164 km/h) Unknown 21 (53) Unknown Northwestern, Midwestern, and Southern United States Unknown 2
January 10-13 blizzard January 10-13 N/A N/A 118 mph(190 km/hr) Unknown 49 (123) 0.95 (24.1)
Rockies
 Unknown 5
Mid-January winter storm January 12–18 Category 1 1.44 118 mph (190 km/h) 983 mbar 49.5 (126) Unknown Northwestern, Southern and Northeastern United States, Atlantic Canada Unknown 30
Mid-January cold wave January 15-22 N/A N/A Unknown Unknown 50 (127) 2 (63.5)
Midwest
 Unknown 55
Pre-Valentine's Day nor'easter February 10–13 N/A N/A 40 mph (64 km/h) 956 mbar 15.2 (38) Unknown Mid-Atlantic United States, Southern Unknown 1
February 2024 nor'easter February 15–18 N/A N/A Unknown Unknown 13.8 (35) 0.5 (12.7)
Mid-Atlantic United States
 Unknown 0
Early April blizzard April 2–6 N/A N/A Unknown Unknown ≥20.5 (52) Unknown Southern, Midwestern, and Northeastern United States Unknown Unknown
Season aggregates
2 RSI storms November 21 – April 6 987 50 (127) 2(50.8) ≥ $ 102

See also

References

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  88. ^ "California's Sierra To See Blizzard, Up To 12 Feet Of Snow | Weather.com". The Weather Channel.
  89. ^ Monster storm shuts down 100-mile stretch of I-80 in California amid blizzard conditions, damaging winds, AccuWeather, March 2, 2024
  90. ^ Yosemite National Park Closes Temporarily Due to Severe Winter Storm — What to Know, Travel and Leisure, March 1, 2024
  91. ^ https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2024/mar/02/california-blizzard-delivers-190-mph-wind-feet-of-/
  92. ^ a b Merging March storms wallop NYC, northeastern US on 1st weekend of spring, AccuWeather, March 24, 2024
  93. ^ "Large tree crushes car on Fifth Avenue after record NYC rainfall". NBC New York. March 24, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
  94. ^ [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/weather/northern-us-prepares-weekend-storms-bringing-heavy-rain-wind-snow-rcna144775 About 360,000 households without power as storms batter Northeast, March 24, 2024
  95. ^ Northeast U.S. pummeled with a mix of wind, rain, sleet and heavy snow on first weekend of spring, CBS News, March 24, 2024
  96. ^ https://www.accuweather.com/en/winter-weather/the-winter-that-wasnt-us-had-historically-warm-season-from-coast-to-coast/1627081/amp
  97. ^ Winter 2024 concludes as one of the warmest in history for Michiana, ABC57, March 1, 2024
  98. ^ https://ca.news.yahoo.com/must-read-weather-stats-canadian-012452838.html
  99. ^ https://www.theweathernetwork.com/en/news/weather/forecasts/temperatures-plunge-in-b-c-with-once-in-a-generation-cold-spell
Preceded by North American winters
2023–24 		Succeeded by
2024–25
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2023–24_North_American_winter&oldid=1220939384"