44th Missile Wing

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Coordinates: 44°08′42″N 103°06′13″W / 44.14500°N 103.10361°W / 44.14500; -103.10361 (Ellsworth AFB)
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"44th Bombardment Wing" redirects here. For the 44th Bombardment Wing of World War II, see 44th Air Division.

44th Missile Wing
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Howell M. Estes II
Leon W. Johnson
Insignia
44th Missile Wing emblem

The 44th Missile Wing (44 MW) is an inactive

Ellsworth AFB, South Dakota
. It was inactivated on 4 July 1994.

For over 40 years the 44th was a front-line

ICBM unit in the 1960s, being inactivated in 1994 as part of the drawdown of U.S. strategic forces after the end of the Cold War
.

During

VIII Bomber Command stationed in England. Colonel Leon W. Johnson, while commander of the 44th Bombardment Group, was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Ploesti Raid
on 1 August 1943.

History

For additional history and lineage, see
44th Operations Group

Bombardment Wing

The 44th Bombardment Wing, Medium was established in late December 1950 as part of the postwar

22d Bombardment Wing
for initial cadre and help in becoming organized.

The wing was reassigned to

68th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing
.

Replaced the propeller-driven B-29s with new

French Morocco
, 19 January – 22 February 1953 and 19 April – 17 June 1954.

In the late 1950s, the B-47 was considered to be reaching obsolescence, and was being phased out of SAC's strategic arsenal as improved Soviet air defenses made the aircraft vulnerable. Began sending aircraft to other B-47 wings as replacements in late 1959, being phased down for inactivation. The 44th Bombardment Wing was inactivated on 15 June 1960; some aircraft and many personnel were reassigned to the

68th Bombardment Wing
which remained at Lake Charles AFB flying B-47s until 1963.

Missile Wing

The history of the 44th Missile Wing begins two years before its activation; with the establishment of the

Ellsworth AFB, South Dakota, the 850th SMS operated the first-generation HGM-25A Titan I
ICBM at three dispersed sites near Wicksville, Hermosa, and Sturgis SD. However the Titan I's life span was short in western South Dakota.

About the same time, work began on installations for the second-generation Minuteman missile. On 21 August 1961, construction began on the

B-52 Stratofortress
organization.

During 1962, three new strategic missile squadrons, the 66th, 67th, and 68th, were activated to support the new Minuteman I system. The 67th Strategic Missile Squadron joined the 44th in August, followed by the 68th Strategic Missile Squadron in September 1962. A 44th Missile Maintenance Squadron was established at the same time. Each strategic missile squadron supported five flights of Minuteman missiles with 50 missiles per squadron. A total of 150 launch facilities were constructed to house the missiles. The first Minuteman missile was positioned near Wall, SD in April 1963. All Minuteman I missiles were in place by the end of 1963.

On 19 November 1964, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara announced the phase-out of remaining first-generation Titan I missiles by the end of June 1965. Consequently, the Titan Is of the 850th SMS were removed from alert status on 4 January 1965. The last missile was shipped out on 12 February. The Air Force subsequently inactivated the squadron on 25 March.

Ellsworth was slated to host a unique series of operational tests. Approved by the Secretary of Defense in November 1964, "Project Long Life" called for the short-range operational base launch of three modified Minuteman IB ICBMs to provide a realistic test for this system. Each missile would contain enough propellant for a 7-second flight and have inert upper stages and reentry vehicles. On 1 March 1965, "Operation Long Life" took place. This was the first of three scheduled launches of the Minuteman system. A missile with seven seconds of fuel was launched.

With the test proving successful, the additional two launches were canceled. This was the only test launch in US ICBM history to be fired from an operational site. It successfully demonstrated the ability of a SAC missile crew to launch an ICBM.

The 44 SMW played a key role in establishing the

28th Bombardment Wing at Ellsworth AFB, SD.[3]

On 30 June 1971, the 44 SMW was named host unit at Ellsworth AFB when the

Minot AFB, North Dakota
.

In October 1971, the transition from Minuteman I to

LGM-30F Minuteman II
began. The transition, known as "Force Modernization", was complete in March 1973. With these new missiles in place, Ellsworth was selected to host "Giant Pace Test 74-1", the first Simulated Electronic Launch-Minuteman (SELM) exercise. During this test, 11 SELM-configured Minuteman II ICBMs underwent successful simulated launch on command from both underground launch-control centers and the Airborne Launch Control Center (ALCC).

During February 1991, the Secretary of Defense announced that the Air Force would begin retirement of older weapon systems in response to the end of the Cold War and a declining defense budget. The deactivation of the Minuteman II missile system was announced on 15 April 1991. The schedule for Ellsworth included a one squadron per year draw-down beginning with the 67 SMS, followed by the 66 SMS, and finally the 68 SMS.

On 1 September 1991, under the "Objective Wing" concept adapted by the Air Force, the wing was renamed the 44th Missile Wing. The ICBM squadrons were reassigned to the newly established

44th Operations Group
, along with the lineage, honors and history of the 44th Bombardment Group.

On 28 September 1991, in response to President Bush's directive to stand down the Minuteman II, personnel of the 44 OG worked around the clock to dissipate launch codes and pin safety control switches at 150 launch facilities. Removal of the first Minuteman II missile assigned to the 44 OG occurred at G-02, near Red Owl, South Dakota, on 3 December 1991. On 6 April 1992, the first launch control center shut down.

On 1 June 1992, the 44th Missile Wing was relieved of its emergency war order mission and its primary focus was deactivation of the Minuteman II weapon system. This day also marked the end of SAC and the beginning of Air Combat Command (ACC).

The 67th Missile Squadron (MS) was inactivated on 15 August 1992, and the 66 MS was inactivated on 1 September 1993. On 1 July 1993 the 44 Missile Wing changed hands from ACC to

Air Force Space Command
along with all other ICBM wings. Deactivation of the entire missile complex ended in April 1994.

With its mission complete, the 44th Missile Wing was formally inactivated on 4 July 1994.

Lineage

44th Bomb Wing emblem
  • Established as 44th Bombardment Wing, Medium, on 20 December 1950.
Activated on 2 January 1951
Discontinued on 15 June 1960
  • Re-designated 44th Strategic Missile Wing (ICBM—Minuteman) on 24 November 1961
Organized on 1 January 1962.
Re-designated: 44th Missile Wing 1 September 1991
Inactivated 5 July 1994

Assignments

Attached to: 5th Air Division from 19 January to 22 February 1953
Attached to: 5th Air Division 9 April to 17 June 1954

Components

Group

  • 44th Bombardment (later Operations) Group
    : 2 January 1951 – 16 June 1952 (not operational, 10 February 1951 – 16 June 1952), 1 September 1991 – 5 July 1994

Squadrons

Bases Assigned

Deployed at
French Morocco
, 19 January – 22 February 1953 and 19 April – 17 June 1954.

Aircraft and missiles

HGM-25A Titan I Missile Sites
850th Strategic Missile Squadron
Operated three missile sites: (1 Dec 1960 – 25 Mar 1965)
850-A, 4 miles NNW of Wicksville, South Dakota 44°08′10″N 102°37′02″W / 44.13611°N 102.61722°W / 44.13611; -102.61722 (850-A)
850-B, 5 miles SSE of Hermosa, South Dakota 43°46′34″N 103°08′46″W / 43.77611°N 103.14611°W / 43.77611; -103.14611 (850-B)
850-C, 10 miles SE of Sturgis, South Dakota 44°23′51″N 103°18′48″W / 44.39750°N 103.31333°W / 44.39750; -103.31333 (850-C)

LGM-30F Minuteman III Missile Alert Facilities (MAF) (each controlling 10 missiles) are located as follows:

LGM-30 Minuteman Missile Alert Facilities
66th Missile Squadron
A-01 19.9 mi S of Howes, SD, 44°19′52″N 102°03′03″W / 44.33111°N 102.05083°W / 44.33111; -102.05083 (A-01)
B-01 7.5 mi NxNW of Wall SD, 44°05′56″N 102°17′01″W / 44.09889°N 102.28361°W / 44.09889; -102.28361 (B-01)
C-01 10.1 mi N of Philip SD, 44°11′01″N 101°42′09″W / 44.18361°N 101.70250°W / 44.18361; -101.70250 (C-01)
*D-01 6.7 mi SxSW of Cottonwood SD, 43°52′40″N 101°57′42″W / 43.87778°N 101.96167°W / 43.87778; -101.96167 (D-01)
*D-09 (Launch Facility) 4.4 mi SxSW of Quinn SD, 43°55′53″N 102°09′36″W / 43.93139°N 102.16000°W / 43.93139; -102.16000 (D-09)
*Designated as part of the Minuteman Missile National Historic Site
E-01 6.3 mi NxNE of Kadoka SD, 43°55′12″N 101°28′52″W / 43.92000°N 101.48111°W / 43.92000; -101.48111 (E-01)
67th Missile Squadron
F-01 61.0 mi NxNE of Ellsworth AFB, SD. 44°59′49″N 102°45′43″W / 44.99694°N 102.76194°W / 44.99694; -102.76194 (F-01)
G-01 11.3 mi N of Union Center SD, 44°43′25″N 102°39′00″W / 44.72361°N 102.65000°W / 44.72361; -102.65000 (G-01)
H-01 10.0 mi SW of Union Center SD, 44°27′43″N 102°48′55″W / 44.46194°N 102.81528°W / 44.46194; -102.81528 (H-01)
I-01 5.7 mi E of White Owl SD, 44°36′10″N 102°18′57″W / 44.60278°N 102.31583°W / 44.60278; -102.31583 (I-01)
J-01 13.8 mi SE of Maurine SD, 44°54′20″N 102°21′55″W / 44.90556°N 102.36528°W / 44.90556; -102.36528 (J-01)
68th Missile Squadron
K-01 5.6 mi N of Spearfish SD, 44°34′22″N 103°51′42″W / 44.57278°N 103.86167°W / 44.57278; -103.86167 (K-01)
L-01 6.2 mi SxSE of Vale SD, 44°32′29″N 103°20′42″W / 44.54139°N 103.34500°W / 44.54139; -103.34500 (L-01)
M-01 17.7 mi NxNW of Belle Fourche SD, 44°55′09″N 103°56′07″W / 44.91917°N 103.93528°W / 44.91917; -103.93528 (M-01)
N-01 6.7 mi NW of Newell SD, 44°47′41″N 103°30′09″W / 44.79472°N 103.50250°W / 44.79472; -103.50250 (N-01)
O-01 38.5 mi W of opal, SD, 44°55′29″N 103°14′13″W / 44.92472°N 103.23694°W / 44.92472; -103.23694 (O-01)

References for commands and major units assigned, components and stations:[4][5][6]

See also

Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

44°08′42″N 103°06′13″W / 44.14500°N 103.10361°W / 44.14500; -103.10361 (Ellsworth AFB)

References

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

  1. ^ ALCS Article, page 14
  2. ^ [Hopkins III, Robert S. 1997. Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker: More Than Just a Tanker. Leicester, England: Midland Publishing Limited, p. 196]
  3. ^ ALCS Article, page 14–15
  4. ISBN 0-912799-12-9
  5. ISBN 0-89201-092-4
    .
  6. ISBN 1-85780-197-0
    .
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