455th Air Expeditionary Wing
455th Air Expeditionary Wing | |
---|---|
Insignia | |
455th Air Expeditionary Wing emblem (approved 3 August 2017)[2] | |
Patch with 455th Strategic Missile Wing emblem (approved c. October 1963)[3] | |
Unofficial 455th Bombardment Group emblem[note 1][4] |
The 455th Air Expeditionary Wing was a provisional
The first predecessor of the
The group was activated in the reserve in 1947. Apparently, it was not fully manned or equipped before inactivating in June 1949 and transferring most of its resources to another unit. It was redesignated the 445th Fighter-Day Group and activated in 1956, but did not become operational before inactivating in July 1957.
The wing's second predecessor was established in 1953, but not organized until November 1962 as the 455th Strategic Missile Wing an
Mission
The wing's mission was to provide fighter, rescue, transport, and other air force activities as part of U.S. operations during the
The
Units
The wing consists of five groups:
- 455th Expeditionary Operations Group. The group is responsible for all expeditionary flying and aeromedical evacuation operations for the wing. It oversees operations of a General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon close air support squadron, a Lockheed C-130 Hercules airlift squadron, a Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk/Guardian Angel rescue squadron,[clarification needed description of squadron below says it flies CH-47s] a Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call electronic combat squadron and an aeromedical evacuation flight. It also oversees support functions such as air traffic control, intelligence, weather, radar monitoring and landing systems, airfield management and command and control equipment at forward-operating bases.
- 83d Expeditionary Rescue Squadron (Boeing CH-47 Chinook)[5]
- 774th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron (Lockheed C-130 Hercules)[6]
- 41st Expeditionary Electronic Combat Squadron (Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call)
- Rotational Expeditionary Fighter Squadron (General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon)
- 555th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron April–October 2015[7]
- 421st Expeditionary Fighter Squadron October 2015 – April 2016.[8]
- 457th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron April–October 2016.[8][9]
- 93d Expeditionary Fighter Squadron April–October 2016.[10]
- 79th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron October 2016 – April 2017.[11]
- 555th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron April–October 2017[12]
- 77th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron October 2017 – April 2018[12]
- 455th Expeditionary Mission Support Group. The group provides services in support of coalition forces throughout Afghanistan. It is composed of five squadrons[clarification needed six squadrons are listed] responsible for communications, civil engineer operations, force support, logistics readiness, and security forces.
- 455th Expeditionary Aerial Port Squadron
- 455th Expeditionary Civil Engineer Squadron
- 455th Expeditionary Communications Squadron
- 455th Expeditionary Force Support Squadron
- 455th Expeditionary Logistics Readiness Squadron
- 455th Expeditionary Security Forces Squadron
- 455th Expeditionary Maintenance Group. The group provides combat-ready aircraft and munitions in support of coalition forces throughout Afghanistan. The group comprises two squadrons responsible for on- and off-aircraft maintenance and sortie generation of F-15E, F-16 and C-130 aircraft, as well as launch, recovery, and servicing support for military and commercial transient aircraft.
- 455th Expeditionary Maintenance Squadron
- 455th Expeditionary Aircraft Maintenance Squadron[13]
- 455th Expeditionary Medical Group. The group is the Air Force component for Task Force Med, which provides combat medical and combat medical support services to U.S. and coalition forces throughout Afghanistan. Along with the U.S. Army, the group staffs Craig Joint Theater Hospitalat Bagram.
- 455th Expeditionary Medical Operations Squadron
- 455th Expeditionary Medical Support Squadron
- Jalalabad Airfields.[14]
History
World War II
Training in the United States
The
Combat operations
The air echelon of the group was delayed in Tunisia and was not entirely lodged at the 455th's combat station of
On 2 April 1944, the group attacked a ball-bearing plant at
On 26 June 1944, the group, which was leading the
The group provided
The group flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against rail yards at
The group lost 118 aircraft. It suffered 147 killed in action, 268 Missing in action, 179 prisoners of war, and 169 wounded in action. On the other hand, the group claimed the destruction of 119 enemy aircraft.[1]
Air Force reserve
The group was reactivated as a
Tactical Air Command
The group was redesignated the 455th Fighter-Day Group and activated at
Intercontinental ballistic missile wing
The wing's second predecessor was organized at
On 25 June 1968, the 455th was inactivated and transferred its assets to the
On 31 January 1984, the 455th Fighter-Day Group and the 455th Strategic Missile Wing were consolidated into a single unit under the wing's designation.[2]
War in Afghanistan
The 455th was converted to provisional status in December 2001 and redesignated the 455th Air Expeditionary Group after the
The 455 AEW was awarded the
Lineage
- 455th Fighter-Day Group
- Constituted as the 455th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 14 May 1943
- Activated on 1 June 1943
- Redesignated 455th Bombardment Group, Heavy on 6 March 1944[34]
- Inactivated on 9 September 1945
- Redesignated 455th Bombardment Group, Very Heavy on 5 March 1947
- Activated on 25 March 1947
- Inactivated on 27 June 1949
- Redesignated 455th Fighter-Day Group on 7 May 1956
- Activated on 25 July 1956
- Inactivated 1 July 1957
- Consolidated with the 455th Strategic Missile Wing as the 455th Strategic Missile Wing on 31 January 1984[35]
455th Air Expeditionary Wing
- Established as the 455th Fighter-Bomber Wing on 23 March 1953
- Redesignated 455th Strategic Missile Wing (ICBM—Minuteman) and activated on 28 June 1962 (not organized)
- Organized on 1 November 1962
- Discontinued and inactivated on 25 June 1968
- Consolidated with the 455th Fighter-Day Group on 31 January 1984
- Converted to provisional status and redesignated 455th Air Expeditionary Group on 4 December 2001 and assigned to Air Combat Command to activate or inactivate as needed
- Activated on 26 April 2002
- Redesignated 455th Air Expeditionary Wing on 26 July 2002[2]
Assignments
- II Bomber Command, 1 June 1943
- I Bomber Command, 4 October 1943
- Fifteenth Air Force, c. 15 January 1944
- 304th Bombardment Wing, 25 January 1944 – 9 September 1945
- Tenth Air Force, 25 March 1947
- 309th Bombardment Wing(later 309th Air Division), 17 October 1947 – 27 June 1949
- 342d Fighter-Day Winguntil 19 November 1956, then to 354th Fighter-Day Wing)
- Strategic Air Command, 28 June 1962 (not organized)
- 810th Strategic Aerospace Division, 1 November 1962 – 25 June 1968
- Air Combat Command to activate or inactivate as needed, 4 December 2001
- 9th Aerospace Expeditionary Task Force, 26 July 2002 – July 2021[2]
Stations
- Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico, 1 June 1943
- Kearns Army Air Field, Utah, c. 6 September 1943
- Langley Field, Virginia, c. 5 October – 2 December 1943
- San Giovanni Airfield, Italy, 15 January 1944 – 9 September 1945
- Hensley Field, Texas, 25 March 1947 – 27 June 1949
- Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, South Carolina, 25 July 1956 – 1 July 1957
- Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota, 1 November 1962 – 25 June 1968
- Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan, 26 April 2002 – Jul 2021[2]
Components
- Groups
- 451st Air Expeditionary Group, 1 April 2014 – present[14]
- 455th Expeditionary Operations Group, 26 July 2002 – present
- 455th Expeditionary Logistics Group (later 455th Expeditionary Maintenance Group), c. 26 July 2002 – present
- 455th Expeditionary Medical Group, c. 26 July 2002 – present
- 455th Expeditionary Support Group (later 455th Expeditionary Mission Support Group), c. 26 July 2002 – present
- 755th Expeditionary Mission Support Group (later 755th Air Expeditionary Group), 17 January 2006 – present
- Squadrons
- 740th Bombardment Squadron (later 740th Fighter-Day Squadron, 740th Strategic Missile Squadron): 1 June 1943 – 9 September 1945, 25 March 1947 – 27 June 1949, 25 July 1956 – 1 July 1957, 1 December 1962 – 25 June 1968[2]
- 741st Bombardment Squadron (later 741st Fighter-Day Squadron, 741st Strategic Missile Squadron): 1 June 1943 – 9 September 1945, 26 June 1947 – 27 June 1949, 25 July 1956 – 1 July 1957, 1 December 1962 – 25 June 1968[2]
- 742d Bombardment Squadron (later 742d Fighter-Day Squadron, 743d Strategic Missile Squadron): 1 June 1943 – 9 September 1945, 9 September 1947 – 27 June 1949, 25 July 1956 – 1 July 1957, 1 January 1963 – 25 June 1968[2]
- 743d Bombardment Squadron: 1 June 1943 – 9 September 1945, 15 October 1947 – 27 June 1949[2]
Aircraft and missiles
- Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1945[15]
- Boeing LGM-30B Minuteman I (1962–1968)[3]
- Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II (2002–2020)
- Grumman EA-6B Prowler(since 2003)
- Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call (since 2003)
- McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle (since 2007)
- General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon (2009-2021)
- Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk (since 2003)
- Lockheed C-130J Hercules (since 2008)
- Lockheed C-130H Hercules (since 2003)
- General Atomics MQ-1 Predator (since 2003)[14]
- Beechcraft MC-12W Huron (since 2009)
- Northrop Grumman E-11 (since 2014)[14]
- General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper (since 2014)[14]
Awards and campaigns
Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Distinguished Unit Citation |
2 April 1944 | 455th Bombardment Group, Steyr, Austria[15] | |
Distinguished Unit Citation | 26 June 1944 | 455th Bombardment Group, Austria[15] | |
Combat "V" Device |
16 April 2002–15 September 2002 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device | 16 September 2002–15 September 2003 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device | 16 September 2003–30 September 2004 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Meritorious Unit Award |
1 October 2004–30 September 2005 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 1 October 2005–30 September 2006 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 1 October 2006–30 September 2007 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 1 October 2007–30 September 2008 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 1 October 2008–30 September 2009 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 1 October 2009–30 September 2010 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 1 October 2010–30 September 2011 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 1 October 2011–30 September 2012 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 1 July 2012–30 June 2013 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 1 July 2013–30 June 2014 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 1 October 2015–31 March 2017 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] |
Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Air Offensive, Europe | 15 January 1944 – 5 June 1944 | 455th Bombardment Group[15] | |
Air Combat, EAME Theater | 15 January 1944 – 11 May 1945 | 455th Bombardment Group[15] | |
Naples-Foggia | 15 January 1944 – 21 January 1944 | 455th Bombardment Group[15] | |
Anzio | 22 January 1944 – 24 May 1944 | 455th Bombardment Group[15] | |
Rome-Arno | 22 January 1944 – 9 September 1944 | 455th Bombardment Group[15] | |
Central Europe | 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 | 455th Bombardment Group[15] | |
Normandy | 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 | 455th Bombardment Group[15] | |
Northern France | 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 455th Bombardment Group[15] | |
Southern France | 15 August 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 455th Bombardment Group[15] | |
North Apennines | 10 September 1944 – 4 April 1945 | 455th Bombardment Group[15] | |
Rhineland | 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 | 455th Bombardment Group[15] | |
Po Valley | 3 April 1945 – 8 May 1945 | 455th Bombardment Group[15] | |
Consolidation I | 26 April 2002 – 30 September 2006 | 455th Air Expeditionary Group (later 455th Air Expeditionary Wing)[2] | |
Consolidation II | 1 November 2006 – 30 November 2006 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] | |
Consolidation III | 1 December 2006 – 30 June 2011 | 455th Air Expeditionary Wing[2] |
See also
- List of missile wings of the United States Air Force
- B-24 Liberator units of the United States Army Air Forces
- Liberator airplane crash near Sveta Trojica
References
Bibliography
- Knaack, Marcelle Size (1978). Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems (PDF). Vol. 2, Post-World War II Bombers 1945–1973. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-59-5. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. LCCN 61060979.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. OCLC 72556. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Mueller, Robert (1989). Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6.
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
- Rogers, Brian. (2005). United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978. Hinkley, UK: Midland Publications. ISBN 1-85780-197-0.
- World Airpower Journal. (1992). US Air Force Air Power Directory. Aerospace Publishing: London, UK. ISBN 1-880588-01-3
- Further reading
- Asch, Col Alfred; Graff, Col Hugh R.; Ramey, Lt Col Thomas A. (1991). 455th Bomb Group (H): Flight of the Vulgar Vultures. Appleton WI: Graphic Communications Center. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
- Gansz, David M. (2022). Fifteenth Air Force War Diary, Bombing by the Numbers. First Mountain Belgians Publishing. ISBN 978-1-7343806-1-3.
- Watkins, Robert A. (2009). Insignia and Aircraft Markings of the U.S. Army Air Force in World War II. Vol. IV, European-African-Middle Eastern Theater of Operations. Atglen,PA: Shiffer Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-3401-6.
Notes
- Explanatory notes
- ^ Maurer indicates the group had no official emblem, Maurer, Combat Units, p. 330. The "Vulgar Vulture" was used by each squadron in the group with the bomb rendered in the squadron color. Watkins, pp. 100–101.
- ^ The 741st Squadron did not to suffer any losses in this operation. This was at least in part because the squadron only put two Liberators over the target on the mission, while the other squadrons averaged ten. Asch, et al., pp. 61–69
- ^ The group report expressly mentions the crew of this plane continuing the attack. While the squadron history and DUC citation both mention the collision, neither discusses the continuation of the attack. Compare Asch, et al., p. 82 (group report) with p. 83 (squadron history) and p. 85 (DUC citation).
- ^ Although the 455th Wing had been established in 1953, it was never activated at Myrtle Beach. Ravenstein, p. 250.
- Citations
- ^ a b c d e No byline (25 June 2009). "The Heritage of the 455th Air Expeditionary Wing". 455 Air Expeditionary Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Lacomia, John M. (22 August 2018). "Factsheet 455 Air Expeditionary Wing (ACC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
- ^ a b Ravenstein, p. 250
- ^ Watkins, pp. 100–101
- ^ Gonsier, SSGT Benjamin. (23 October 2017). "83rd ERQS conducts joint flight, prepares for transition to Chinooks". U.S. Air Forces Central Public Affairs. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
- ^ Fratini, Capt Korey (2 October 2016). "One year later: TORQE 62 remembered". U.S. Air Forces Central Command Public Affairs. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ Cloys, TSG Robert (30 October 2015). "'Black Widows' arrive at Bagram for final F-16 deployment". Defense Visual Information Distribution System. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- ^ AirForces Monthly. Stamford, Lincolnshire, England: Key Publishing Ltd. July 2016. p. 14.
- ^ Freeman, SRA Justyn M. (29 June 2016). "Providing airpower to Operation Freedom's Sentinel". U.S. Central Command Air Forces Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
- ^ Fratini, Capt Korey (24 August 2016). "93rd EFS takes off into the night". U.S. Air Forces Central CommandPublic Affairs. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
- ^ Sweeney, A1C Destinee (1 November 2016). "Taking the 'roar' downrange". Defense Visual Information Distribution Service. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Warnes, Alan (2 November 2017). "'Gamblers' F-16Cs Deployed to Afghanistan – Warnesy's World". Warnsey'rs World of Military Aviation. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- ^ "455th Expeditionary Maintenance Group". 455th Air Expeditionary Wing Public Affairs. 7 April 2012. Archived from the original on 24 February 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Robertson, Patsy (3 December 2009). "Factsheet 451 Air Expeditionary Group (ACC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Maurer, Combat Units, p. 330
- ^ a b c d e f g Robertson, Patsy (28 May 2010). "Factsheet 740 Missile Squadron (AFGSC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f Robertson, Patsy (28 May 2010). "Factsheet 741 Missile Squadron (AFGSC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g Robertson, Patsy (9 June 2010). "Factsheet 742 Missile Squadron (AFGSC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
- ^ a b c d Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 731
- ^ Asch, et al., pp. 10–13
- ^ Asch, et al., p. 25
- ^ Asch, et al., p.32
- ^ Asch, et al., pp. 61–67
- ^ Asch, et al., pp. 82–85
- ^ Asch, et al., p. 156
- ^ Asch, et al., pp. 160–161
- ^ See Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 730–731 (listing no aircraft for any of the group's squadrons for the period 1947–1949)
- ^ "Abstract, Mission Project Closeup, Continental Air Command". Air Force History Index. 27 December 1961. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
- ^ Knaack, p. 25
- ^ Ravenstein, pp. 240–241
- ^ Mueller,pp.542–544 (listing organizations at Sheppard).
- ^ Ravenstein, pp. 125–128, 250
- ^ Tones, Capt Toni (18 February 2008). "455 AEW awarded Meritorious Unit Award". 455 Air Expeditionary Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ See AFHRA Factsheets for 740th, 741st and 742d Missile Squadrons.
- ^ Lineage information in Lacomia, AFHRA Factsheet 455 Air Expeditionary Wing, except as noted.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
External links
- "455th Air Expeditionary Wing fact sheet". U.S. Air Forces Central Command Public Affairs. 28 May 2015. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- 455th AEW Official factsheet
- 455th SMW – StrategicAirCommand.com
- Minot AFB Minuteman Missile Site Coordinates