Action Party (Italy)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with the Action Party (Italy, 1853) or Action (Italian political party)
Action Party
Partito d'Azione
PresidentCarlo Rosselli
(1929–1937)
Emilio Lussu
(1937–1943)
Ferruccio Parri
(1943–1945)
Ugo La Malfa
(1945–1946)
Ernesto Rossi
(1946–1947)
Founder(s)Carlo Rosselli
Gaetano Salvemini
Founded1 July 1929; 94 years ago (1929-07-01) (as Justice and Freedom)
14 June 1942; 81 years ago (1942-06-14) (as the Action Party)
Dissolved25 April 1947; 76 years ago (1947-04-25)
Merged intoItalian Socialist Party (majority)
Italian Republican Party (minority)
NewspaperL'Italia Libera
Armed wingGiustizia e Libertà
IdeologyLiberal socialism[1][2]
Social liberalism[3]
Radicalism[4]
Anti-fascism
Republicanism
Political positionCentre-left[3][5]
National affiliationNational Liberation Committee
Colours  Green

The Action Party (Italian: Partito d'Azione, PdA) was a liberal-socialist political party in Italy.[1][6] The party was anti-fascist[7] and republican.[8] Its prominent leaders were Carlo Rosselli, Ferruccio Parri, Emilio Lussu and Ugo La Malfa. Other prominent members included Leone Ginzburg,[6] Ernesto de Martino, Norberto Bobbio, Riccardo Lombardi, Vittorio Foa and the Nobel-winning poet Eugenio Montale.[9][10]

History

Founded in July 1942 by former militants of

Anti-Fascist Committee that was supposed to lead the new government after an anti-Mussolini coup.[12]

After the armistice of 8 September 1943, as a central member of the National Liberation Committee the Action Party actively participated in the Italian resistance movement with units of Giustizia e Libertà commanded by Ferruccio Parri. It maintained a clear anti-monarchical position and it was opposed to Palmiro Togliatti and the Italian Communist Party's Salerno Initiative for postwar governance.[13] The party adopted the symbol of a flaming sword and in the immediate post-war period joined the government securing the post of Prime Minister for Ferruccio Parri from June to November 1945. As a result of the internal conflict between the democratic-reformist line of Ugo La Malfa and the socialist line of Emilio Lussu, combined with the electoral defeat of 1946, the party folded. Unwillingness of the party members to work with reviving political parties "tainted by association with Fascism" also resulted in the decline of the Action Party. The main group of former members led by Riccardo Lombardi joined the Italian Socialist Party while the La Malfa group (as the Movement for Republican Democracy) entered the Italian Republican Party.[14] The last secretary general of the Action Party was Alberto Cianca.[15]

Prominent members

Main article: List of Partito d'Azione politicians

Italian Parliament

Chamber of Deputies
Election year Votes % Seats +/– Leader
1946 334,748 (8th) 1.45
7 / 556
–
Riccardo Lombardi

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Steve Bastow; James Martin (2003). Third Way Discourse: European Ideologies in the Twentieth Century. Edinburgh, Scotland, UK: Edinburgh University Press, Ltd. p. 74.
  2. ISBN 978-1-135-17932-8
    .
  3. ^ a b Ercolessi, Giulio (2009), "Italy: The Contemporary Condition of Italian Laicità", Secularism, Women & the State: The Mediterranean World in the 21st Century, Institute for the Study of Secularism in Society and Culture, p. 13
  4. ISBN 9781400859498
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0-7914-4824-3
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8020-4722-9
    .
  7. ISBN 978-0-275-97522-7
    .
  8. ISBN 978-90-04-22991-4
    .
  9. ISBN 978-0-7190-7873-6
    .
  10. ^ Cambon, Glauco (2014). Eugenio Montale's Poetry: A Dream in Reason's Presence. Princeton University Press. p. 189.
  11. ISBN 978-0-7486-5093-4
    .
  12. ^ Mireno Berrettini (2010). La Gran Bretagna e l'antifascismo italiano. Diplomazia clandestina, intelligence, Operazioni Speciali (1940-1943). Florence.
  13. ^ Mireno Berrettini (29013). La Resistenza italiana e lo Special Operations Executive britannico (1943-1945). Florence.
  14. ISBN 978-1-4616-7202-9
    .
  15. ^ "Alberto Cianca" (in Italian). ANPI. Retrieved 23 January 2022.

Sources

  • Website of the Italian Resistance Historical Society ("Il Partito d'Azione"), including in-depth bios, recent remembrances and selections from party documents.
  • Historical dictionary entry from Paravia Mondadori Editori, an Italian educational publishing house ("Storia del Partito d'Azione").
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