Ashton-under-Lyne
Ashton-under-Lyne | |
---|---|
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE |
Postcode district | OL6, OL7 |
Dialling code | 0161 |
Police | Greater Manchester |
Fire | Greater Manchester |
Ambulance | North West |
UK Parliament | |
Ashton-under-Lyne is a market town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England.[1] The population was 48,604 at the 2021 census.[2] Historically in Lancashire, it is on the north bank of the River Tame, in the foothills of the Pennines, 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Manchester.
Evidence of
Until the introduction of the
In the mid-20th century, imports of cheaper foreign goods led to the decline of Ashton's heavy industries but the town has continued to thrive as a centre of commerce[6] and Ashton Market is one of the largest outdoor markets in the United Kingdom. Ashton Town Centre is now home to the 140,000-square-foot (13,000 m2), two-floored Ashton Arcades shopping centre (opened 1995), the outdoor shopping complex Ladysmith Shopping Centre, and a large IKEA store.
In 2018, a large new development opened in Ashton town centre including a new college campus for Tameside College, new council offices and a library. Improvements were also made to the open-air market, including new kiosks and stalls. In 2019, work began on a brand-new transport interchange for the town centre to make getting into the town much easier via bus and Metrolink. This opened in August 2020.
History
Evidence of prehistoric activity in the area comes from Ashton Moss – a 107-hectare (260-acre)
The eastern terminus of the early medieval linear earthwork
![Railway in foreground, an old brick built building in the background](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ashton-under-Lyne_old_hall.jpg/220px-Ashton-under-Lyne_old_hall.jpg)
The
According to popular tradition,
The manor remained in the possession of the Assheton family until 1514 when their male line ended. The lordship of the manor passed to Sir George Booth, great-great-grandson of Sir Thomas Ashton,[21] devolving through the Booth family until the Earls of Stamford inherited it through marriage in 1758. The Booth-Greys then held the manor until the 19th century;[31] their patronage, despite being absentee lords, was probably the stimulus for Ashton's growth of a large-scale domestic-based textile industry in the 17th century.[32] Pre-industrial Ashton was centred on four roads: Town Street, Crickets Lane, Old Street, and Cowhill Lane. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the town was re-planned, with a grid pattern of roads. As a result, very little remains of the previous town.[26] In 1730 a workhouse was established which consisted of a house and two cottages; it later came to be used as a hospital.[33] The Ashton Canal was constructed in the 1790s to transport coal from the area to Manchester, with a branch to the coal pits at Fairbottom.[34]
![A canal leading towards two mills with tall chimneys](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ashton_Canal_at_Ashton-under-Lyne.jpg/170px-Ashton_Canal_at_Ashton-under-Lyne.jpg)
![The facade of Ashton town library, constructed from stone and built in Gothic revival style](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ashton-under-Lyne_library_2008.jpg/220px-Ashton-under-Lyne_library_2008.jpg)
The cotton industry in the area grew rapidly from the start of the 19th century until the Lancashire Cotton Famine of 1861–1865.[38] The growth of the town's textile industry led to the construction of estates specifically for workers. Workers' housing in Park Bridge, on the border between Ashton and Oldham, was created in the 1820s.[39] The iron works were founded in 1786 and were some of the earliest in the north west.[40] The Oxford Mills settlement was founded in 1845 by the local industrialist and mill-owner Hugh Mason[41] who saw it as a model industrial community.[18] The community was provided with a recreational ground, a gymnasium, and an institute containing public baths, a library, and a reading room.[42] Mason estimated that establishing the settlement cost him around £10,000 and would require a further £1,000 a year to maintain (about £600,000 and £60,000 respectively as of 2024), and that its annual mortality rate was significantly lower than in the rest of the town.[43][44]
A poor supply of fresh water and dwellings without adequate drainage led to a
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ashton_under_lyne_aerial_shot.jpg/300px-Ashton_under_lyne_aerial_shot.jpg)
In the late 19th century, public buildings such as the market hall, town hall, public library, and public baths were built.[41] A donation from Hugh Mason funded the construction of the baths built in 1870–1871.[47] The Ashton-under-Lyne Improvement Act was passed in 1886 which gave the borough influence over housing and allowed the imposition of minimum standards such as drainage.[48] Coal mining was not as important to the town as the textile industry, but in 1882 the Ashton Moss Colliery had the deepest mine shaft in the world at 870 metres (2,850 ft).[49] Ashton's textile industry remained constant between 1865 and the 1920s. Although some mills closed or merged, the number of spindles in use increased.[38][50] With the collapse of the overseas market in the 1920s, the town's cotton industry went into decline, and by the 1930s most of the firms and mills in the area had closed.[38]
At about 4.20 pm on Wednesday 13 June 1917,
The second of the five victims of the Moors murders, 12-year-old John Kilbride, lived in the town. He was lured away from the town's market on 23 November 1963 by Ian Brady and Myra Hindley before being murdered and buried on Saddleworth Moor. His body was found in October 1965.
Ashton became a part of the newly formed
Governance
![A silver shield with a black five-pointed star with a red crescent in the top left hand corner. Above the shield are the battlements of a tower surmounted by a red griffin's head. Below the shield is the motto "LABOR OMNIA VINCIT", which means "Persistent Works Triumphs".](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Borough_Arms%2C_Ashton-under-Lyne.png/170px-Borough_Arms%2C_Ashton-under-Lyne.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/New_buildings_shown_from_Ikea_carpark.jpg/220px-New_buildings_shown_from_Ikea_carpark.jpg)
Lying within the
In 1827, police commissioners were established for Ashton Town, tasked with bringing about social and economic improvement.
Under the
Since the Reform Act 1832 the town has been represented in Parliament as part of the Ashton-under-Lyne parliamentary constituency. During its early years the constituency was represented in the House of Commons by members of the Liberal Party until the late 19th century, when it was broadly held by the Conservative Party. It has been held by the Labour Party since 1935; Angela Rayner has been the constituency's Member of Parliament (MP) since 2015.[60]
Geography
![Trees in the foreground; houses, shops and industrial buildings in the middle ground; and hills in the background. The sky is grey.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/View_over_Ashton-under-Lyne_2007_%28editted%29.jpg/220px-View_over_Ashton-under-Lyne_2007_%28editted%29.jpg)
At 53°29′38″N 2°6′11″W / 53.49389°N 2.10306°W (53.4941°, −2.1032°), and 160 miles (257 km) north-northwest of
Generally the
Ashton's
Demography
Ashton-under-Lyne compared | |||
---|---|---|---|
2001 UK census | Ashton-under-Lyne[62] | Tameside[63] | England |
Total population | 43,236 | 213,043 | 49,138,831 |
White | 82.3% | 91.2% | 91% |
Asian | 11.2% | 5.6% | 4.6% |
Black | 0.3% | 1.2% | 2.3% |
As of the 2001 UK census, Ashton-under-Lyne had a population of 43,236.[64] The 2001 population density was 12,374 inhabitants per square mile (4,778/km2), with a 100 to 96.1 female-to-male ratio.[65] Of those over 16 years old, 30.9% were single (never married) and 50.0% married.[66] Ashton-under-Lyne's 18,347 households included 33.2% single people, 33.0% married couples living together, 8.9% co-habiting couples, and 12.4% single parents with their children; these figures were similar to those of Tameside, however both Tameside and Ashton have higher rates of single-parent households than England (9.5%).[67] Of those aged 16–74, 37.0% had no academic qualifications, similar to the figure of 35.2% for all of Tameside but significantly higher than the 28.9% figure for all of England,[63][68] and 12% had an educational qualification such as first degree, higher degree, qualified teacher status, qualified medical doctor, qualified dentist, qualified nurse, midwife, health visitor, or similar, compared with 20% nationwide.[63][69]
In 1931, 10% of Ashton's population was middle class compared with 14% in England and Wales, and by 1971, this had increased steadily to 17% compared with 24% nationally. In the same time frame, there was a decline in the working-class population. In 1931, 34% were working class compared with 36% in England and Wales; by 1971, this had decreased to 29% in Ashton and 26% nationwide. The rest of the population was made up of clerical workers and skilled manual workers.[70]
Population change
In 1700, the population of Ashton, the Tame Valley's main urban area, was an estimated 550. The town's 18th-century growth was fuelled by an influx of people from the countryside attracted by the prospect of work in its new industries, mirroring the rest of the region.
Population growth in Ashton-under-Lyne since 1851 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1991 | 2001 |
Population | 29,790 | 34,886 | 31,984 | 36,399 | 40,486 | 43,890 | 45,172 | 43,335 | 51,573 | 46,534 | 46,794 | 50,154 | 48,974 | 44,385 | 43,263 |
% change | – | +17.1 | −8.3 | +13.8 | +11.2 | +8.4 | +2.9 | −4.1 | +19.0 | −9.8 | +0.6 | +7.2 | −2.4 | −9.4 | −2.5 |
Source:A Vision of Britain through Time[75][76] |
Religion
![A church built in Gothic style with the tower in the centre of the picture and the main body of the church extending to the right](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/St_Michaels_and_All_Saints_Church_Ashton-under-Lyne_2009.jpg/170px-St_Michaels_and_All_Saints_Church_Ashton-under-Lyne_2009.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ashton-u-Lyne-Mosque01.jpg/220px-Ashton-u-Lyne-Mosque01.jpg)
The 19th-century evangelist John Wroe attempted to turn Ashton-under-Lyne into a "new Jerusalem". He founded the Christian Israelite Church, and from 1822 to 1831 Ashton-under-Lyne was the religion's headquarters. Wroe intended to build a wall around the town with four gateways, and although the wall was never constructed, the four gatehouses were. Popular opinion in the town turned against Wroe when he was accused of indecent behaviour in 1831, but the charges were dismissed. The Church spread to Australia, where it is still active.[79][80]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Albion_church_and_war_memorial.jpg/220px-Albion_church_and_war_memorial.jpg)
As of the 2001 UK census, 68.5% of Ashton residents reported themselves as being Christian, 6.1% Muslim, 5.0% Hindu, and 0.2% Buddhist. The census recorded that 11.4% had no religion, 0.2% had an alternative religion, and 8.7% did not state their religion.[81] The proportion of Hindus in the town was much higher than the average for the borough and the whole of England (1.4% and 1.1% respectively). The percentage of Muslims in Ashton-under-Lyne was nearly double the national average of 3.1%, and was higher than the average of 2.5% for Tameside.[82] As of October 2013, six mosques were located in the town,[83] including one on Hillgate Street in Penny Meadow (Ashton Central Mosque, formerly known as Markazi Jamia Mosque)[84] and one on Katherine Street in West End (Masjid Hamza Mosque).
Economy
Ashton-under-Lyne compared | |||
---|---|---|---|
2001 UK census | Ashton-under-Lyne[85] | Tameside[86] | England |
Population of working age | 30,579 | 152,313 | 35,532,091 |
Full-time employment | 41.0% | 43.5% | 40.8% |
Part-time employment | 11.3% | 11.5% | 11.8% |
Self employed | 5.9% | 6.5% | 8.3% |
Unemployed | 4.1% | 3.3% | 3.3% |
Retired | 12.2% | 13.3% | 13.5% |
In the medieval period, farming was important in Ashton, particularly arable farming.[87] By the 18th century, textiles had also become important to the town's economy; in the 1700s, 33% of those with jobs worked in textiles and 36% in agriculture.[88] With the advent of the Industrial Revolution in the second half of the 18th century, the textile industry in the town boomed. It continued to expand until the cotton famine of 1861–1865, after which the industry remained steady until it collapsed after the overseas markets shut down in the 1920s.[89]
Coal has been mined in Ashton since at least the 17th century.[90] In the late 18th and early 19th centuries demand for coal increased, which led to an expansion of the town's coal industry. The produce of the collieries was transported by canal to Manchester.[49] The industry began to decline during the late 19th century, and by 1904 only the Ashton Moss Colliery was still operational, the last colliery to be opened in the area.[49]
![A blue building with "Ikea" written on the side in large yellow letters. Trees in the foreground.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ashton-u-Lyne-IKEA1.jpg/220px-Ashton-u-Lyne-IKEA1.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ashton_market_hall_in_October_2011.jpg/220px-Ashton_market_hall_in_October_2011.jpg)
Ashton town centre, which is the largest in Tameside, developed in the Victorian period. Many of the original buildings have survived, and as a result, the town centre is protected by Tameside Council as a conservation area.[25][91] As well as being populated by leading high-street names, Ashton has an outdoor market which was established in the medieval period. It is made up of about 180 stalls, and is open six days a week.[25] The farmers' market, with over 70 stalls, is the largest in the region, as is the weekday flea market.[92] Ashton Market Hall underwent a £15 million restoration after it was damaged by fire. The Ashton Renewal Area project has attracted investment in the town centre, encouraging conservation and economic development.[25]
The 140,000-square-foot (13,000 m2), two-floored Ashton Arcades shopping centre opened in 1995; permission has been granted for a £40 million extension but work on this project has yet to begin. In 2006, after failing twice to gain permission, IKEA announced plans to build its first town-centre store in Ashton-under-Lyne. The store was expected to create 500 new jobs and to attract other businesses to the area.[93] The store opened on 19 October 2006 and covers 296,000 square feet (27,500 m2). At the time of its creation, the store was the tallest in Britain.[94]
Amongst the facilities provided by Ashton Leisure Park are a 14-screen cinema, a bowling alley, and several restaurants.[95] The St Petersfield area of Ashton underwent a £42 million redevelopment and provided 2,000 jobs. The aim of the investment was to create a business district in the town and bring life to a neglected area of Ashton. The development provided 280,000 square feet (26,000 m2) of office space and 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2) of retail and leisure space.[96] Pennine Care NHS Trust relocated its headquarters to the St Petersfield area in 2006.[97] Until then a popular nightspot, in 2002 several night clubs were brought to the brink of closure after a downturn in trade caused by four murders in three months.[98]
According to the 2001 UK census, residents aged 16–74 were employed in the following industries: 22.7% manufacturing, 18.6% retail and wholesale, 11.3% health and social work, 9.8% property and business services, 6.7% construction, 6.5% transport and communications, 5.8% education, 5.6% public administration, 4.3% hotels and restaurants, 3.8% finance, 0.4% agriculture, 0.7% energy and water supply, and 3.9% other. Compared with national figures, the town had a relatively low percentage working in agriculture, public administration, and property, and high rates of employment in construction, at more than triple the national rate (6.8%).[99] The census recorded the economic activity of residents aged 16–74; 2.0% were students with jobs, 3.8% students without jobs, 6.4% looking after home or family, 9.5% permanently sick or disabled, and 3.9% economically inactive for other reasons.[85] Ashton's 4.1% unemployment rate was above the national rate of 3.3%.[86]
Culture
Sport
The town's most prominent football teams are
Landmarks
![The front of a building built from grey stone with columns in front](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ashton-under-Lyne_town_hall.jpg/220px-Ashton-under-Lyne_town_hall.jpg)
After the Ashton Canal closed in the 1960s, it was decided to turn the
The earliest parts of
There are five parks in the town, three of which have Green Flag Awards.[109] The first park opened in Ashton-under-Lyne was Stamford Park on the border with Stalybridge. The park opened in 1873, after a 17-year campaign by local cotton workers;[110] the land was bought from a local mill-owner for £15,000 (£1.8 million as of 2024)[111] and further land was donated by George Grey, 7th Earl of Stamford.[112] A crowd of between 60,000 and 80,000 turned out to see the Earl of Stamford formally open the new facility on 12 July 1873. It now includes a boating lake and a memorial to Joseph Rayner Stephens, commissioned by local factory workers to commemorate his work promoting fair wages and improved working conditions. A conservatory was opened in 1907 and Coronation gates were installed at both the Ashton-under-Lyne and Stalybridge entrances in 1953.[110]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hartshead_Pike_from_Ashton_%281%29.jpg/220px-Hartshead_Pike_from_Ashton_%281%29.jpg)
Hartshead Pike is a stone tower on top of Hartshead Hill overlooking Ashton and Oldham.[113] The existing building was constructed in 1863 but there has been a building on the site since at least the mid-18th century, although the original purpose is obscure. The pike might have been the site of a beacon in the late 16th century.[114] It has a visitor centre and, from the top of the hill, it is possible to see the Jodrell Bank Observatory in Cheshire, the Welsh hills and the Holme Moss transmitter in West Yorkshire.[115]
![A column flanked by two lions and surmounted by a statue of Peace and a soldier. There are bronze plaques on the base of the monument.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ashton_War_Memorial_01_%28crop%29.jpg/170px-Ashton_War_Memorial_01_%28crop%29.jpg)
The main Ashton-under-Lyne War Memorial, in Memorial Gardens, consists of a central cenotaph on a plinth, surmounted by a sculpted wounded soldier and the figure of "Peace who is taking the sword of honour" from his hand.
The tablet on the front of the memorial reads:
1914–1919[118]
Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North West and ITV Granada. Television signals are received from the Winter Hill TV transmitter.[120]
Local radio stations are BBC Radio Manchester on 95.1 FM, Capital Manchester and Lancashire on 102.0 FM, Heart North West on 105.4 FM, Smooth North West on 100.4 FM, XS Manchester on 106.1 FM, Greatest Hits Radio Manchester & The North West on 96.2 FM, and Tameside Radio, a community based station which broadcast from the town on 103.6 FM.[121]
The local newspaper is the Tameside Reporter, published on Thursdays.[122]
Transport
Roads
In 1732, an
Canals
The town of Ashton-under-Lyne became the focus of three canals which were constructed in Tameside in the 1790s because it was an important centre of coal mining in the Lancashire coalfield. The 1790s has been characterised as a period of mania for canal building in England. The first of the three to be built was the
The advent of the railways in the 19th century signalled the decline of the canal system. The new railways were quicker and more economical than the canals, and the waterways declined. The Huddersfield Canal was bought by the Huddersfield and Manchester Railway in 1844. Along with the Ashton and Peak Forest canals, the Huddersfield Canal was later bought by the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway Company.[127] The canals remained in use throughout the 19th century on a smaller scale than in their heyday, but by the mid-20th century all commercial traffic had ceased. Following an extended period of closure and dereliction, during which parts of the Huddersfield Canal were filled in or built over, a complete restoration was undertaken and the entire canal reopened in 2001. The three canals are now used for leisure craft and are still maintained and in good condition.[128]
Railways
![The entrance to a train station with a sign saying "Ashton" above the entrance](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ashton_station.jpg/220px-Ashton_station.jpg)
The town historically had three stations, only one of which remains: Ashton (Charlestown), Park Parade (closed 1956) and Oldham Road (closed 1959). Park Parade station was on the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway, which was founded in 1836 with the purpose of building a line linking Manchester and Sheffield. The line was opened in stages and was completed by 1845. It included a branch to the nearby town of Stalybridge, the former Ashton Park Parade station was included on this branch.[46] Oldham Road station was on the Oldham, Ashton and Guide Bridge Railway. Additionally, Guide Bridge station, a few miles away, was known as Ashton & Hooley Hill and then Ashton in its earliest years.
Trams and buses
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ashton-under-Lyne_tram_stop%2C_Feb_18.jpg/220px-Ashton-under-Lyne_tram_stop%2C_Feb_18.jpg)
In 1881, a
After a 75-year absence, trams returned to Ashton in October 2013, when the Manchester Metrolink tram system opened the East Manchester Line to the town: Ashton-under-Lyne tram stop in the town centre stands alongside the bus station and is the terminus for the East Manchester Line, which runs to Manchester Piccadilly station and Manchester city centre. Away from the town centre towards Manchester, there are also the Ashton West and Ashton Moss tram stops.[133]
Education
There are ten
The other secondary school in the town is St Damian's RC Science College, which was founded in 1963, and provides education for 800 pupils aged 11–16.[140] As part of the Building Schools for the Future project, a replacement school building was built by Carillion and opened in May 2011. Dale Grove School has 60 pupils and offers education for pupils aged 5–16 with special needs.[141] Ashton Sixth Form College is a centre for further education with 1,650 pupils aged 16–18.[142] Tameside College also provides opportunities for further education and operates in Ashton-under-Lyne, Droylsden, and Hyde.[143] Founded in 1954 and expanded in 1957 and 1964, it was originally called Ashton College.[144]
Public services
In the early 19th century, Ashton-under-Lyne's growth made it necessary to find a new water supply. Before the introduction of piped water the town's inhabitants drew water from wells and the nearby River Tame. Industrial processes had, however, polluted the river and the wells could not sustain a rapidly expanding population. From 1825, a private company was responsible for piping water from reservoirs, but there were still many homes without proper drainage or water supply.
See also
- List of mills in Tameside
- List of people from Tameside
- Listed buildings in Ashton-under-Lyne
- Ashton-under-Lyne munitions explosion
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h Greater Manchester Gazetteer, Greater Manchester County Record Office, Places names – A, archived from the original on 18 July 2011, retrieved 20 September 2008
- ^ "Ashton-under-Lyne in Greater Manchester (North West England)". City Population. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Key to English Place-names". kepn.nottingham.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Lewis (1848) pp. 90–96.
- ^ a b c Wilson (1870–1872).
- ^ Greater Manchester Police (25 January 2006), Ashton, gmp.police.uk, archived from the original on 1 November 2007, retrieved 19 September 2008
- ^ Nevell (1992), p. 25.
- ^ Nevell (1992), p. 11.
- ^ Nevell (1992), p. 30.
- ^ Nevell (1992), p. 71.
- ^ Hodgson & Brennand (2004), p. 44.
- ^ Nevell and Walker (1998), pp. 40–41.
- ^ Nevell (1992), pp. 77–83.
- ^ Nevell (1997), p. 32.
- ^ University of Nottingham's Institute for Name-Studies, Ashton-under-Lyne, nottingham.ac.uk, retrieved 18 September 2008
- ^ Nevell (1992), pp. 84–85.
- ^ Nevell (1992), p. 88.
- ^ a b Township Information – Ashton, Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 16 September 2008, retrieved 12 September 2008
- ^ a b Nevell (1991), p. 17.
- ^ Redhead, Norman, in: Hartwell, Hyde and Pevsner (2004), p. 18.
- ^ a b "The parish of Ashton-under-Lyne: Introduction, manor & boroughs". A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4. 1911. pp. 338–347. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
- ^ Nevell and Walker (1998), p. 47.
- ^ a b c d Nevell and Walker (1998), p. 54.
- ^ Nevell (1991), p. 60.
- ^ a b c d Ashton-under-Lyne town centre, Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 4 January 2009, retrieved 13 September 2008
- ^ a b Nevell (1993), p. 146.
- ^ Griffith (1898), p. 380.
- ^ Griffith (1898), p. 381.
- ^ The Black Knight Pageant, Ashton-under-Lyne.com, archived from the original on 3 October 2008, retrieved 20 September 2008
- ^ Griffith (1898), pp. 379, 382.
- ^ Nevell and Walker (1998), p. 48.
- ^ McNeil & Nevell (2000), p. 54.
- ^ a b Burke and Nevell (1996), p. 123.
- ^ Nevell (1993), p. 99.
- ^ Frangopulo (1977), p. 25.
- ^ McNiel and Nevell (2005), p. 54.
- ^ Powell (1986), p. 35.
- ^ a b c Nevell (1993), p. 35.
- ^ Nevell and Walker (1999), p. 49.
- ^ Nevell and Roberts (2003), pp. 19, 22, 31–32.
- ^ a b Nevell (1993), p. 151.
- ^ Nevell (1993), p. 152.
- ^ Nevell (1994), pp. 44–45.
- ^ Currency converter, NationalArchives.gov.uk, archived from the original on 5 September 2008, retrieved 12 September 2008
- ^ a b Nevell (1993), p. 132.
- ^ a b Nevell (1993), p. 127.
- ^ Nevell (1993), p 23.
- ^ Nevell (1993), pp. 149–151.
- ^ a b c Nevell (1993), p. 102.
- ^ Nevell (1993), p. 37.
- ^ The Daily Telegraph Friday 15 June 1917, reprinted in The Daily Telegraph Thursday 15 June 2017 page 28
- ^ Nevell (1993), p. iii.
- ^ Sue Carr (21 October 2004), "Ashton celebrates as new market opens its doors", Tameside Advertiser, archived from the original on 21 August 2008, retrieved 18 September 2008
- ^ Sue Carr (1 December 2008), "Joy as market hall opens", Tameside Advertiser, archived from the original on 22 December 2008, retrieved 10 July 2009
- ^ a b Farrer & Brownbill (1911), pp. 338–347.
- ^ A vision of Ashton under Lyne AP/CP, visionofbritain.org.uk, archived from the original on 3 November 2012, retrieved 19 September 2008
- ^ A vision of Britain through time, A vision of Ashton under Lyne MB, archived from the original on 30 September 2007, retrieved 3 June 2007
- ^ Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council (27 September 2006), Town twinning, Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 20 August 2008, retrieved 4 September 2008
- ^ Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council, Know you councillor, Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 12 July 2012, retrieved 8 May 2012
- ^ "Ashton under Lyne", The Guardian, archived from the original on 18 December 2014, retrieved 8 September 2010
- ^ Nevell (1992), pp. 10–11.
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS06 Ethnic group
, 22 July 2004, archived from the original on 12 September 2011, retrieved 5 August 2008
- ^ a b c Tameside Metropolitan Borough key statistics, Statistics.gov.uk, archived from the original on 26 May 2011, retrieved 12 September 2008
- ^ Tameside Census Snapshot (PDF), Tameside MBC, 2004, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2008, retrieved 17 January 2008
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS01 Usual resident population
, 22 July 2004, archived from the original on 12 September 2011, retrieved 12 September 2008
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS04 Marital status
, 22 July 2004, archived from the original on 12 September 2011, retrieved 12 September 2008
- ^ KS20 Household composition: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas, Statistics.gov.uk, 2 February 2005, archived from the original on 29 June 2011, retrieved 12 September 2008
•Tameside Metropolitan Borough household data, Statistics.gov.uk, archived from the original on 4 June 2011, retrieved 12 September 2008 - ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS13 Qualifications and students
, 22 July 2004, archived from the original on 12 September 2011, retrieved 12 September 2008
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS13 Qualifications and students
, 22 July 2004, archived from the original on 12 September 2011, retrieved 12 September 2008
- ^ Ashton under Lyne social class, Vision of Britain, archived from the original on 3 November 2012, retrieved 15 September 2008
•Percentage of Working-Age Males in Class 1 and 2, Vision of Britain, archived from the original on 6 August 2021, retrieved 15 September 2008
•Percentage of Working-Age Males in Class 4 and 5, Vision of Britain, archived from the original on 6 August 2021, retrieved 15 September 2008 - ^ Nevell (1993), p. 168.
- ^ Nevell (1993), p. 27.
- ^ The Murphy Riots in Ashton under Lyne, Ashton-under-Lyne.com, archived from the original on 3 May 2008, retrieved 9 December 2007
- ^ Nevell (1993), p. 36.
- ^ Facts about Ashton, Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 4 July 2008, retrieved 16 September 2008
- ^ Nevell (1993), p. 12.
- ^ Nevell (1991), pp. 121, 135.
- ^ Nevell (1993), p. 142.
- ^ Nevell (1994), p. 95.
- ^ A Tribute to Prophet Wroe 1782–1863, Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 30 June 2009, retrieved 10 July 2009
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS07 Religion
, 22 July 2004, archived from the original on 12 September 2011, retrieved 5 August 2008
- ^ Tameside Metropolitan Borough key statistics, Statistics.gov.uk, archived from the original on 3 May 2009, retrieved 10 July 2009
- ^ "List of mosques in Ashton-under-Lyne". Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
- ^ Markazi Jamia Mosque, Yell.com, archived from the original on 27 September 2011, retrieved 10 July 2009
- ^ a b "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS09a Economic activity – all people
, 22 July 2004, archived from the original on 12 September 2011, retrieved 15 September 2008
- ^ a b Tameside Local Authority economic activity, Statistics.gov.uk, archived from the original on 4 June 2011, retrieved 15 September 2008
- ^ Nevell (1991), p. 52.
- ^ Nevell (1993), pp. 35, 83.
- ^ Nevell (1993), pp. 35–39
- ^ Nevell (1993), p. 101.
- ^ Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council (November 1992), Appendix 6: Conservation Areas and Scheduled Ancient Monuments (Policies C11 and C30), Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 2 May 2009, retrieved 4 September 2008
- ^ Ashton market, Tameside.gov.uk, 3 November 2007, archived from the original on 13 September 2008, retrieved 20 September 2008
- ^ Ikea's superstore plans approved, BBC Online, 11 January 2006, archived from the original on 26 December 2007, retrieved 3 September 2008
- ^ Emma Unsworth (16 October 2006), "IKEA's finally here", Manchester Evening News, archived from the original on 6 August 2021, retrieved 3 September 2008
- ^ Completed development, Ashton-Moss.com, archived from the original on 22 March 2007, retrieved 6 July 2009
- ^ David Thame (23 May 2005), "The big spenders are in town!", Manchester Evening News, archived from the original on 6 August 2021, retrieved 15 September 2008
- ^ David Thame (5 July 2005), "Ashton's eastern promise", Manchester Evening News, archived from the original on 6 August 2021, retrieved 15 September 2008
- ^ "Street killings hit town's night spots", Tameside Advertiser, 23 May 2002, archived from the original on 11 September 2012, retrieved 20 August 2008
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS11a Industry of employment – all people
, 22 July 2004, archived from the original on 12 September 2011, retrieved 15 September 2008
- ^ James (2008), pp. 33–34.
- ^ History of East Cheshire Harriers, East Cheshire Harriers, archived from the original on 16 May 2008, retrieved 19 July 2009
- ^ Oldham Cricket Club: Wood Cup, OldhamCC.co.uk, archived from the original on 12 June 2008, retrieved 1 September 2008
- ^ "Ashton Ladysmith CC". ashtonladysmith.play-cricket.com. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
- ^ Nevell and Walker (2001), pp. 59, 61.
- ^ Nevell and Walker (2001), pp. 63–64.
- ^ "From far-flung Canada to Corrie", Manchester Evening News, 17 September 2008, archived from the original on 22 September 2008, retrieved 19 September 2008
- ^ Burke and Nevell (1996), pp. 118–119.
- ^ "Ashton campaigners in battle on to save the historic Armoury". Manchester Evening News. 14 January 2015. Archived from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
- ^ Parks in Tameside: Tameside Parks Moving Forward, Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 31 July 2009, retrieved 7 July 2009
- ^ a b Tameside Metropolitan Borough council : Stamford Park : History Archived 15 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 12 September 2009
- ^ a b c d UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ Nevell (1993), p. 145.
- ^ Wyke (2005), p. 357.
- ^ Burke and Nevell (1996), pp. 144–145.
- ^ Hartshead Pike, Tameside.gov.uk, 13 October 2006, archived from the original on 4 December 2008, retrieved 20 September 2008
- ^ Sue Carr (15 November 2006), Save The Witchwood, TamesideAdvertiser.co.uk, archived from the original on 5 May 2013, retrieved 26 April 2008
- ^ Don Frame (24 January 2005), "Party as stars' pub is saved", Manchester Evening News, archived from the original on 6 August 2021, retrieved 29 January 2008
- ^ a b c Public Monuments and Sculpture Association (16 June 2003), Ashton-under-Lyne War Memorial, pmsa.cch.kcl.ac.uk, archived from the original on 30 June 2009, retrieved 19 September 2008
- ^ Ashton War Memorial, Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 21 August 2008, retrieved 10 July 2009
- ^ "Full Freeview on the Winter Hill (Bolton, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- ^ "North West Radio Stations". Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- ^ "Tameside Reporter". British Papers. 11 December 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- ^ Nevell (1993), pp. 118–120.
- ^ Nevell (1993), p. 121.
- ^ Nevell (1993), pp. 121–122.
- ^ a b Nevell (1993), p. 122.
- ^ Nevell (1993), pp. 123–124.
- ^ Nevell (1993), pp. 124–125.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. R508.
- ISBN 978-0-7153-4352-4.
- ^ Nevell (1993), p. 130.
- ^ Nevell (1993), pp. 130–131.
- ^ British Trams Online Archived 19 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine Metrolink arrives in Ashton-under-Lyne, G. Prior
- ^ Nursery Schools List by Area, Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 10 April 2009, retrieved 22 May 2019
- ^ Primary Schools List by Area, Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 26 September 2009, retrieved 22 May 2019
- ^ High Schools List by Area, Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 29 July 2009, retrieved 22 May 2019
- ^ Eve Dugdale (7 February 2007), "School is labelled as 'inadequate'", Tameside Advertiser, archived from the original on 6 August 2021, retrieved 25 June 2009
- ^ New Charter Academy admission arrangements 2010/2011, Tameside.gov.uk, archived from the original on 14 June 2011, retrieved 25 June 2009
- ^ Adam Derbyshire (22 November 2006), "Six super schools in vision of future", Tameside Advertiser, archived from the original on 2 April 2009, retrieved 25 June 2009
- ^ St Damian's RC Science College, Department for Children, Schools and Families, archived from the original on 20 October 2009, retrieved 29 June 2009
- ^ Dale Grove School, Department for Children, Schools and Families, archived from the original on 1 August 2012, retrieved 29 June 2009
- ^ Ashton-under-Lyne Sixth Form College, Department for Children, Schools and Families, archived from the original on 29 July 2012, retrieved 29 June 2009
- ^ Find us – Tameside College, Tameside.ac.uk, archived from the original on 7 March 2009, retrieved 29 June 2009
- ^ "Nostalgia: the 1950s", The Tameside Advertiser, 9 October 2003, archived from the original on 29 December 2007, retrieved 29 June 2009
- ^ "Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA)". Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority. 2008. Archived from the original on 7 February 2008. Retrieved 8 February 2008.
- ^ Nevell (1993), pp. 134–135.
- ^ a b "Tameside". United Utilities. 17 April 2007. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
- ^ "Your Area – Tameside". Greater Manchester Police. 25 January 2006. Archived from the original on 1 November 2007. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
- ^ "Tameside". Greater Manchester Police. Archived from the original on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2009.
- ^ "Ashton-Under-Lyne Fire Station". Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service. Archived from the original on 8 June 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
- ^ "Profile". Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
- ^ "About the Trust". Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
Bibliography
- Burke, Tom; Nevell, Mike (1996), Buildings of Tameside, Tameside Metropolitan Borough and ISBN 978-1-871324-14-3
- Farrer, William; Brownbill, J (1911), The parish of Ashton-under-Lyne – Introduction, manor & boroughs, British-history.ac.uk, archived from the original on 24 January 2009, retrieved 12 September 2008
- Frangopulo, N. J. (1977), Tradition in Action: The Historical Evolution of the Greater Manchester County, Wakefield: EP, ISBN 978-0-7158-1203-7
- Griffith, Kate (1898), "The Black Lad of Ashton-under-Lyne", Folklore, 8 (4), Folklore Society: 379–382,
- Hartwell, Clare; Hyde, Matthew; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2004), Lancashire : Manchester and the South-East, The buildings of England, New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-10583-4
- Hodgeson, John; Brennand, Mark (2004), Mark Brennand (ed.), "The Prehistoric Period Resource Assessment", Archaeology North West: 23–58, ISSN 0962-4201
- James, Gary (2008), Manchester – A Football History, Halifax: James Ward, ISBN 978-0-9558127-0-5
- ISBN 978-0-8063-1508-9, archivedfrom the original on 28 October 2011, retrieved 3 September 2009
- McNeil, R & Nevell, M (2000), A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester, Association for Industrial Archaeology, ISBN 978-0-9528930-3-5
- Nevell, Mike (1991), Tameside 1066–1700, Tameside Metropolitan Borough and ISBN 978-1-871324-02-0
- Nevell, Mike (1992), Tameside Before 1066, Tameside Metropolitan Borough and Greater Manchester Archaeological Unit, ISBN 978-1-871324-07-5
- Nevell, Mike (1993), Tameside 1700–1930, Tameside Metropolitan Borough and ISBN 978-1-871324-08-2
- Nevell, Mike (1994), The People Who Made Tameside, Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council, ISBN 978-1-871324-12-9
- Nevell, Mike (1997), The Archaeology of Trafford, Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council with the ISBN 978-1-870695-25-1
- Nevell, Mike; Roberts, John (2003), The Park Bridge Ironworks and the archaeology of the Wrought Iron Industry in North West England, 1600 to 1900, Tameside Metropolitan Borough with ISBN 978-1-871324-27-3
- Nevell, Mike; Walker, John (1998), Lands and Lordships in Tameside, Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council with the ISBN 978-1-871324-18-1
- Nevell, Mike; Walker, John (2001), Portland Basin and the archaeology of the Canal Warehouse, Tameside Metropolitan Borough with ISBN 978-1-871324-25-9
- Powell, Rob (1986), In the Wake of King Cotton, Rochdale Art Gallery
- Wilson, John Marius (1870–1872), Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, A. Fullarton & Co, archived from the original on 22 October 2012, retrieved 19 July 2009
- Wyke, Terry (2005), Public Sculpture of Greater Manchester, Liverpool University Press, ISBN 978-0-85323-567-5, archivedfrom the original on 15 May 2021
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)