Royton
Royton | ||
---|---|---|
Metropolitan county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Post town | OLDHAM | |
Postcode district | OL2 | |
Dialling code | 0161, 01706 | |
Police | Greater Manchester | |
Fire | Greater Manchester | |
Ambulance | North West | |
UK Parliament | ||
Royton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 21,284 in 2011.[1][2][3] Close to the source of the River Irk, near undulating land at the foothills of the South Pennines, it is 1.7 miles (2.7 km) northwest of Oldham, 3.2 miles (5.1 km) southeast of Rochdale and 7.6 miles (12.2 km) northeast of Manchester.
Within the boundaries of the
Royton has the distinction of being the first town where a powered
Today, fewer than a dozen mills are still standing, the majority of which are used for light engineering or as distribution centres.[10] Despite an economic depression brought about by the demise of cotton spinning, Royton's population has continued to grow as a result of intensive housing redevelopment which has modernised its former Edwardian districts.[10]
History
Toponymy
The name Royton is
Early history
There is evidence of
Unmentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, Royton does not appear in records until 1212, when it was documented to have been a thegnage estate, or manor, comprising twelve oxgangs of land, with an annual rate of 24 shillings payable by the tenant, William Fitz William, to King John.[5][8] From William, who died in 1223, Royton passed to his son Thomas, who was still alive in 1254. Thomas's daughter Margery, who married Alexander Luttrell of Somerset, sold the majority of Royton and its outlying land to John de Byron in around 1260. It is from this exchange that the Byron family came to use Royton as their chief place of residence until the early part of the 17th century.[5]
The early history of Royton is linked closely with what was then its manor house, Royton Hall, which was inhabited by the Byron family for over 350 years.[4] During that period the Byrons' involvement in regional and national affairs added prestige to what was otherwise an obscure and rural township.[4] John de Byron was a witness to the charter of incorporation of 1301, which elevated the township of Manchester to the status of a borough.[4]
A descendant of John—
Textiles and the Industrial Revolution
Apart from the dignitaries who lived in Royton Hall, the population of Royton during the
The construction of more mills followed, which initiated a process of urbanisation and
During this period of growth, Royton's parliamentary representation was limited to two members of parliament for
On 16 August 1819, Royton (like its neighbours) sent a contingent of its townsfolk to Manchester to join the mass political demonstration now known as the
Royton's damp climate provided the ideal conditions for cotton spinning to be carried out without the cotton drying and breaking, and newly developed 19th century mechanisation optimised cotton spinning for mass production for the global market. By 1832, there were 12
The Manchester, Oldham and Royton Railway and a goods yard was constructed in the 1860s, allowing improved transportation of textile goods and raw materials to and from the township.[24] Neighbouring Oldham (which by the 1870s had emerged of the largest and most productive mill town in the world)[25] had begun to encroach upon Royton's southern boundary, forming a continuous urban cotton-spinning district. The demand for cheap cotton goods from this area prompted the flotation of cotton spinning companies; the investment was followed by the construction of 22 new cotton mills in Royton.[26] Together with Oldham, at its peak the area was responsible for 13% of the world's cotton production.[27]
Supplies of raw cotton from the United States were cut during the
On 26 November 1884 an explosive device containing gunpowder was detonated in Royton Town Hall, in a cellar underneath the offices of Royton's local board.[28] An anonymous communication was received by the supposed bomber, stating that he intended the explosion for the Royton School Board because children are not allowed to work at the age of 10 years, and because he wanted the abolition of the Factory Acts.[29] There were no fatalities caused by the explosion, and damage to the building was restricted to smoke damage and shattered windows, doors and woodwork.[28]
The
Post-industrial history
Since deindustrialisation, Royton's population has continued to grow as a result of intensive housing redevelopment which has modernised much its former
Governance
Lying within the
Following the
The urban district council was based in Royton Town Hall, which had been purpose built for the local board in 1880. In 1933, a part of the neighbouring
In terms of parliamentary representation, Royton after the
Geography
At 53°33′57″N 2°7′16″W / 53.56583°N 2.12111°W (53.566°, −2.121°) and 165 miles (266 km) north-northwest of London, Royton lies at the foothills of the
Described in Samuel Lewis's A Topographical Dictionary of England (1848) as being in "aspect rather wild",[43] Royton lies in a shallow valley amongst undulating land.[22] The sources of the rivers Irk and Beal are to the northeast and east respectively.[22] The Irk meanders southwesterly into Chadderton, and then onwards to Middleton into Manchester before uniting its waters with the River Irwell in Manchester city centre.[22] The general slope of the land decreases in height away from the Pennines, from east to west, but reaches high points of 509 feet (155 m) at Tandle Hill and 825 feet (251 m) at the summit of Oldham Edge, a ridge of elevated land which leads to Oldham.[5] The soils of the town are broadly sand with subsoils of clay.[5]
Royton's
Suburban localities in Royton include Haggate, Heyside, Holden Fold, Long Sight (or Longsight), Oozewood, Royley, Salmon Fields, Stott Field, Thornham, and Thorp.[5][22][41] Thornham was formerly a township in itself, but was amalgamated into Royton in the late-19th century.[3]
Demography
Royton compared | |||
---|---|---|---|
2001 UK census | Royton[46] | Oldham (borough)[47] | England |
Total population | 22,238 | 217,273 | 49,138,831 |
White | 97.4% | 86.1% | 90.9% |
Asian | 1.1% | 11.9% | 4.6% |
Black | 0.3% | 0.6% | 2.3% |
According to the
At the 2001 UK census, 84.8% of Royton's residents reported themselves as being Christian, 0.8% Muslim, 0.4% Hindu, and 0.1% Buddhist. The census recorded 7.9% as having no religion, 0.1% had an alternative religion and 5.9% did not state their religion.[55]
Royton's population has been described as broadly working class with pockets of
Population growth in Royton since 1901 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
Population | 14,881 | 17,069 | 17,194 | 16,689 | 14,771 | 14,781 | 14,474 | 20,394 | 21,098 | 21,475 | 22,238 | 21,284 |
Urban District 1901–1971[57] • Urban Subdivision 1981–2001[58][59][60] |
Economy
From the 18th century onwards, Royton's economy was closely tied with that of Britain's
Since deindustrialisation, Royton's economic activity has been focused around a 22-acre (8.9 ha) business park at Salmon Fields which includes distribution companies such as 3663 and Holroyd Meek, manufacturing firms including bed manufacturers Slumberland, and formerly included vehicle assembly at Seddon Atkinson.[30] Formerly an area of "green fields", the Salmon Fields Business Village was proposed in 1983, and developed into a business park later that decade despite objections that the estate would ruin a "beautiful area", and cause noise pollution.[30] There are additional retail parks in the locality, including the centre (formerly Elk Mill Retail Park),[62] which lies at the start of the A627(M) motorway.[41]
Opposite Royton Town Hall is a shopping precinct containing 23 shop units and a supermarket operated by the Co-operative Food. The site was opened in 1971 and occupies the town's former market street, which was demolished in 1969.[63][64] In 2004 a report noted that a weakness of the precinct is that it lacks a variety of shops.[65]
Landmarks
Historically, Royton's only landmark was Royton Hall, the township's former manor house which was inhabited by local dignitaries from its construction (in as early as the 13th century) to 1814.[4] Part of the hall was erected during the 16th century, but the east wing was crafted in the Elizabethan or Jacobean architectural style.[64] In 1794 it was described as "pleasantly seated in a deep valley, surrounded by high grounds. It is a firm, well built stone edifice of ancient date".[4]
During the
Royton Town Hall is a purpose-built
Royton War Memorial lies at the summit of Tandle Hill, and was erected "in memory of the men of Royton who gave their lives for the freedom and honour of their country" during the First World War.[69] It is a Portland stone obelisk, that originally bore plaques listing the fallen, and had a bronze sculpture of Victory at its base. It was commissioned by the Royton War Memorial Committee and unveiled on 22 October 1921 by Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby.[70] The original plaques were stolen in 1969, and replacements were later installed in the grounds of Royton's Church of St Paul.[69][70]
Royton Library is a Carnegie library, a gift of Andrew Carnegie.[64] It was opened in 1907 by Edward Stanley, 4th Baron Stanley of Alderley, an aristocrat and former Member of Parliament for the area. The surnames of four prominent writers—Bacon, Carlyle, Spencer and Milton—are inscribed above one of four windows on the building face, by the entrance.[64]
Transport
Public transport in Royton is co-ordinated by the
Royton railway station lay at the end of a branch from Royton Junction on the Oldham Loop Line, which was part of the route which connected Manchester, Oldham and Rochdale. The station was opened in 1864 and closed in April 1966.[71] It featured steep gradients on the line up to Royton Junction, which, in October 1908, caused an accident when a goods train ran out of control on the gradient down to the station, killing a fireman.[72] In February 1961, a four-coach runaway train crashed through the buffers at Royton railway station and continued on over High Barn Street. Five houses were damaged. The driver of the train was injured, but there were no fatal or severe injuries to the public. Five people from the damaged houses were taken to hospital suffering from shock and bruises, and in one case a fractured clavicle.[73]
There are frequent buses running through Royton with services to a variety of destinations in Greater Manchester. Bus services operate to Ashton-under-Lyne, Manchester, Middleton, Oldham, Rochdale, Shaw and Stalybridge are operated by First Greater Manchester on their 24, 64, 181, 182, 402, 408, 409 and 428 services.[41]
Education
The Village School of Royton was founded in 1785, and continued to provide education until 1833,
Royton has eight primary schools and two secondary schools,
Sports
Royton Town F.C. is an amateur association football club which was established as the Stotts Benham works side in the Rochdale Alliance League, but changed its name to Royton Town in 1985.[78] The team won the Rochdale Alliance Premier Division treble and were unbeaten for two and a half seasons, progressing to the Lancashire Amateur League in 1994. Since 2001–2002 it has played in the Premier Division of the Manchester Football League.[78]
Royton Amateur Swimming and Water Polo Club has been serving the town for over 100 years and is affiliated to the Central Lancashire Swimming Association.[citation needed]
Religion
Royton had no medieval church of its own, and for ecclesiastical purposes, lay within the parish of
A chapel of ease under the mother church of Prestwich, St Mary's, was built between 1754 and 1757, paid for by voluntary contributions.[81] The chapel was consecrated on 1 July 1757, dedicated to Paul the Apostle.[81] St Paul's Chapel was extended throughout the 19th century as the population of Royton grew, with a tower and clock added in 1828 and extensions in 1854 and again in 1883.[81] The nave of the chapel was demolished in 1889 and the existing church building in neo-Gothic style was erected.[82] St Paul's is in the Oldham West Deanery of the Diocese of Manchester. The Westwood Moravian Church congregation has recently relocated to Royton.
In addition to
Public services
There are no hospitals in Royton, although the Royal Oldham Hospital lies at Royton's boundary in neighbouring Coldhurst, in Oldham; some local health care is provided by Royton Health and Well-being Centre, an NHS surgery under the Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust. The Royton Health and Well-being Centre,[88] which opened in October 2010, replaced Royton Health Centre which had been criticised for its limited space and poor layout. The Primary Care Trust plan to sell the old Royton Health Centre premises.[89]
The
Notable people
Historically, Royton was chiefly distinguished by the presence of the
See also
References
Notes
- ^ "Oldham Ward population/Royton South 2011". Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
- ^ "Oldham Ward population?Royton North 2011". Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Greater Manchester Gazetteer, Greater Manchester County Record Office, Places names – O to R, archived from the original on 18 July 2011, retrieved 17 June 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Stott 1994, p. 5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Brownbill & Farrer 1911, pp. 112–115.
- ^ a b Oldham Council, Oldham's Economic Profile – Innovation and Technology, oldham.gov.uk, archived from the original on 14 November 2007, retrieved 20 July 2008
- ^ a b c Manchester City Council, Oldham Towns; Royton, spinningtheweb.org.uk, archived from the original on 14 March 2007, retrieved 5 January 2007
- ^ a b c d e The Oldham Boroughs; Royton, visitoldham.co.uk, archived from the original on 23 May 2008, retrieved 26 July 2008
- ^ Stott 1994, pp. 8–9.
- ^ a b c d e f g Stott 1994, p. 9.
- ^ University of Nottingham's Institute for Name-Studies, Royton, nottingham.ac.uk, retrieved 18 September 2008
- ^ Ballard 1986, pp. 11–12.
- ^ Historic England, "Monument No. 45904", Research records (formerly PastScape), retrieved 24 July 2008
- ^ Historic England, "Monument No. 45916", Research records (formerly PastScape), retrieved 24 July 2008
- ^ a b Stott 1994, p. 10.
- ^ Stott 1994, p. 15.
- ^ a b c d Stott 1994, p. 6.
- ^ Frangopulo 1977, p. 30.
- ^ McPhillips 1997, pp. 22–23.
- ^ Reid 1989, p. 125.
- ^ Marlow 1969, p. 95.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-84784-157-5.
- ^ Marlow 1969, p. 118.
- ^ a b c d Stott 1994, p. 7.
- ^ McNeil & Nevell 2000, p. 29.
- ^ Stott 1994, p. 8.
- ^ Heritage; The History of Oldham; Oldham History, visitoldham.co.uk, archived from the original on 6 August 2007, retrieved 26 July 2008
- ^ a b "Supposed Attempt to Blow up Royton Town Hall", Manchester Times, 29 November 1884
- ^ The Attempt to Blow up Royton Town Hall, Huddersfield Daily Chronicle, 19 December 1884
- ^ a b c Sykes, Lee (10 July 2008), "How Salmon 'sacrilege' became business hub", Oldham Advertiser, p. 37
- ^ a b "Oldham regeneration; Royton Town Centre", society.guardian.co.uk, retrieved 26 July 2008
- ^ 'Life on Mars' – TV Series, BBC, 3 April 2006, retrieved 26 July 2008
- ^ "Gift to the People of Royton" (PDF), The Oldhamer, no. 12, p. 8, January 2003, archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2008
- ^ a b Stott 1994, p. 23.
- ^ a b Great Britain Historical GIS Project (2004), "Descriptive Gazetteer Entry for Oldham", A vision of Britain through time, University of Portsmouth, retrieved 2 November 2007
- ^ HMSO. Local Government Act 1972. 1972 c.70.
- ^ Oldham Council, Interactive Planning Map, oldham.gov.uk, archived from the original on 8 March 2008, retrieved 30 July 2008
- ^ The Churchill Centre, Churchill and ... Politics; All the Elections Churchill Ever Contested, winstonchurchill.org, archived from the original on 9 December 2007, retrieved 7 July 2007
- ^ Michael Meacher MP, theyworkforyou.com, retrieved 26 July 2008
- ^ "Royton, United Kingdom". Global Gazetteer, Version 2.1. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive (30 April 2008), Network Maps: Oldham (PDF), gmpte.com, archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2008, retrieved 28 July 2008
- ^ Office for National Statistics (2001), Census 2001:Key Statistics for urban areas in the North; Map 3 (PDF), statistics.gov.uk, archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2007, retrieved 9 July 2007
- ^ Lewis 1848, pp. 707–711.
- ^ a b Oldham CRoouncil, Royton Town Centre Masterplan (PDF), oldham.gov.uk, archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2008, retrieved 28 July 2008
- ^ Tandle Hill Country Park, visitoldham.co.uk, archived from the original on 27 September 2007, retrieved 29 July 2008
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS06 Ethnic group , 22 July 2004, retrieved 5 August 2008
- ^ "Oldham Metropolitan Borough ethnic group". Statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2008. Retrieved on 20 December 2008.
- ^ Office for National Statistics, Greater Manchester Urban Area, statistics.gov.uk, retrieved 29 July 2008
- ^ United Kingdom Census 2001 (2001), Royton North (Ward): Key Figures for 2001 Census, neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk, archived from the original on 26 May 2011, retrieved 29 July 2008
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ United Kingdom Census 2001 (2001), Royton South (Ward): Key Figures for 2001 Census, neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk, archived from the original on 26 May 2011, retrieved 29 July 2008
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS01 Usual resident population , 22 July 2004, retrieved 20 September 2008
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS04 Marital status , 22 July 2004, retrieved 31 August 2008
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS20 Household composition , 22 July 2004, retrieved 20 December 2008
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS13 Qualifications and students , 22 July 2004, retrieved 5 August 2008
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS07 Religion , 22 July 2004, retrieved 20 December 2008
- ^ Waller & Criddle 2002, p. 602.
- ^ "Royton Urban District". Vision of Britain. Retrieved on 20 December 2008.
- ^ 1981 Key Statistics for Urban Areas GB Table 1, Office for National Statistics, 1981
- ^ 1991 Key Statistics for Urban Areas, Office for National Statistics, 1991
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area", ons.gov.uk, Office for National Statistics, KS01 Usual resident population , 22 July 2004, retrieved 20 December 2008
- ^ a b c Stott 1994, p. 47.
- ^ "New superstore has everything – but food", Oldham Advertiser, M.E.N. Media, 31 January 2007, archived from the original on 13 September 2012, retrieved 27 July 2008
- ^ Stott 1994, p. 36.
- ^ a b c d e Royton Heritage Trails (PDF), Royton Local History Society, 2006, archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2009, retrieved 28 July 2008
- ^ Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council (January 2004), Shaw and Royton Area Plan (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2006, retrieved 26 July 2008
- ^ Stott 1994, pp. 14–15.
- ^ "Tudor hall vanishes underground", BBC News, 29 July 2005, retrieved 25 July 2008
- ^ a b c Stott 1994, p. 22.
- ^ a b Stott 1994, p. 24.
- ^ a b Public Monuments and Sculpture Association (16 June 2003), Royton War Memorial, archived from the original on 15 February 2012, retrieved 27 July 2008
- ^ Station Name: ROYTON, disused-stations.org.uk, 6 September 2010, retrieved 6 October 2010
- ^ Board of Trade (31 December 1908). "Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway" (PDF). Railways Archive.
- ^ Ministry of Transport (1961), REPORT ON THE COLLISION which occurred on 8th February 1961 at ROYTON STATION in the LONDON MIDLAND REGION (PDF), railwaysarchive.co.uk, retrieved 6 October 2010
- ^ a b c d Stott 1994, p. 19.
- ^ Royton and Crompton School (2008), Royton and Crompton School, roytoncrompton.oldham.sch.uk, retrieved 29 July 2008
- ^ a b Our Lady's R.C. High School (2007), School Profile, ourladyshigh.oldham.sch.uk, archived from the original on 11 December 2008, retrieved 29 July 2008
- ^ Marsden, Carl (2 April 2008), "Hundreds join school site protest", Oldham Advertiser, M.E.N. Media, archived from the original on 13 September 2012, retrieved 29 July 2008
- ^ a b History of Royton Town F.C., roytontown.co.uk, archived from the original on 29 July 2008, retrieved 29 July 2008
- ^ Records, roytoncc.co.uk, archived from the original on 19 May 2006, retrieved 1 May 2007
- ^ Golfing Facilities, cromptonandroytongolfclub.co.uk, 13 October 2003, archived from the original on 8 October 2007, retrieved 28 July 2008
- ^ a b c Stott 1994, p. 16.
- ^ Stott 1994, p. 17.
- ^ Stott 1994, p. 20.
- ^ Stott 1994, p. 29.
- ^ Stott 1994, p. 33.
- ^ a b c d Stott 1994, p. 32.
- ^ Greater Manchester Police (25 January 2006), Royton & Shaw, gmp.police.uk, archived from the original on 5 March 2008, retrieved 28 July 2008
- ^ Community 1st Oldham – LIFT Projects – Details, community1stoldham.co.uk, 5 October 2010, retrieved 5 October 2010[permanent dead link]
- ^ Disused Royton Health Centre set to cost £50k+ per year, iroyton.com, 3 December 2010, archived from the original on 15 February 2011, retrieved 3 December 2010
- ^ Kershaw's Hospice, About Us, drkershawshospice.org.uk, archived from the original on 27 August 2008, retrieved 20 December 2008
- ^ Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (2008), Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA), gmwda.gov.uk, retrieved 8 February 2008
- ^ Oldham Council, Minerals and Waste development planning, oldham.gov.uk, archived from the original on 22 April 2008, retrieved 8 February 2008
- ^ a b United Utilities (17 April 2007), Oldham, unitedutilities.com, retrieved 8 February 2008
- ^ United Utilities (17 April 2007), Dove Stone Reservoirs, unitedutilities.com, retrieved 8 February 2008
- ^ McPhillips 1997, p. 10.
- ^ "Oldham Timeline", Oldham Advertiser, M.E.N. Media, 4 June 2003, archived from the original on 21 April 2013, retrieved 26 July 2008
- ^ Vance, Charles (8 March 2006), Jack Wild, thestage.co.uk, retrieved 25 July 2008
- ^ Vallance, Tom (3 March 2006), "Jack Wild", independent.co.uk, archived from the original on 3 June 2008, retrieved 25 July 2008
- ^ Whitehouse, Jamie (26 May 2004), "Royton actor defends role in explicit movie", Oldham Advertiser, M.E.N. Media, archived from the original on 14 January 2011, retrieved 4 July 2008
- ^ Bourne, Dianne (20 October 2006), "There's no place like home for glamour girl Michelle", Manchester Evening News, M.E.N. Media, archived from the original on 5 May 2013, retrieved 25 July 2008
- ^ "Nick takes Breakfast Show hotseat", Oldham Evening Chronicle, oldham-chronicle.co.uk, 24 September 2012, retrieved 24 September 2012
Bibliography
- Ballard, Elsie (1986) [1967], A Chronicle of Crompton (2nd ed.), Royton: Burnage Press, ISBN 5-00-096678-3
- Brownbill, John; Farrer, William, eds. (1911), A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 5, Victoria County History, London: Constable, ISBN 978-0-7129-1055-2
- Frangopulo, N. J. (1977), Tradition in Action: the historical evolution of the Greater Manchester County, Wakefield: EP, ISBN 0-7158-1203-3
- ISBN 978-0-8063-1508-9
- Marlow, Joyce (1969), The Peterloo Massacre, Rapp & Whiting, ISBN 0-85391-122-3
- McNeil, R. & Nevell, M. (2000), A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester, Association for Industrial Archaeology, ISBN 0-9528930-3-7
- McPhillips, K. (1997), Oldham: the formative years, Neil Richardson, ISBN 1-85216-119-1
- Reid, Robert (1989), The Peterloo Massacre, London: William Heinemann, ISBN 0-434-62901-4
- Stott, Frances (1994), Looking Back at Royton, Oldham: Oldham Arts and Heritage, ISBN 0-902809-29-6
- Waller, Robert; Criddle, Byron (2002), ISBN 0-415-26833-8
External links
- "Royton Local History Society". www.rlhs.co.uk. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- www.zen42299.zen.co.uk, Royton Local History Society, 2009 archive.